BOSTON
PUBLIC
LIBRARY
1\.Z./{0\ qqL\
Department of Justice
igration and Naturalization Service
994
Statistical Yearbook
of tiie
Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
M-367
U.S. Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
1994
Statistical Yearbook
of the
Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
Issued February 1996
IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE
February 1996
Copies of each Statistical Yearbook from 1965 to 1994 (entitled Annual Report prior to 1978) can be purchased
from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Phone:
(703) 487-4650. The NTIS order number for this report is PB 96-1 13725.
Library of Congress
National Serials Program
International Standard Serial number:
(ISSN) 0743-538X
Suggested Citation
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration
and Naturalization Service, 1994, U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C., 1996
U.S Department of Justice
Immigration and Naturalization Service
Office of the Commissioner 425 1 Street NW
Washington, D.C. 20536
The Attorney General
United States Department of Justice
I am pleased to submit the Statistical Yearbook of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service for Fiscal Year 1994. This Yearbook contains information covering
the entire spectrum of critical Service activities from border enforcement to naturalization.
Answers to the most frequently asked statistical questions about immigration can be found
in the Yearbook.
In Fiscal Year 1994, the Service began a strategy of "deterrence through
prevention" to control illegal entry across the Southwest border. With Operation Hold the
Line in El Paso, TX, for example, the Border Patrol deployed additional agent strength
directly on the front lines of the border, a strategy designed to deter attempts at illegal
entry. In 1994, the Service made a total of 1.09 million border apprehensions.
While working to control the border more effectively, the Service continued to
confer citizenship and other legal immigration benefits. In 1994, more than 400,000
former immigrants became United States citizens through naturalization. We also
continued to see the effects of the Immigration Act of 1990, the most significant and
comprehensive change in the structure of legal immigration in 25 years. For example, the
number of legal immigrants dropped by 11 percent, from 904,300 in 1993 to 804,400 in
1994. This type of general information about legal immigration, and the more detailed
information about specific immigration categories provided in this Yearbook, will
contribute to the public discussion about legal immigration policy.
We hope that you and others find the information in this Yearbook useful. We will
continue to provide accurate and current information about our immigration programs.
mfcerdyT"
Doris Meissner
1994 Statistical Yearbook
of the Immigration and
Naturalization
Service
Contents
General Information Page
Introduction 11
I. Immigrants 13
II. Refugees 72
III. Asylees 76
rv. Nonimmigrants 94
V. Naturalizations 124
VI. Enforcement 157
VII. Public Use Files 177
VIII. Data Gaps 177
Charts, Text Tables
Charts
a. Immigrants admitted by region of birth: selected fiscal years 1955-94 12
B. Immigrants admitted to the United States from top five countries of last residence: 1821 to 1994 14
C. Immigrants admitted: fiscal years 1900-94 17
D. Immigrants admitted as immediate relatives of U.S. citizens: fiscal years 1970-94 18
E. Percent age and sex distribution of U.S. population and immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1994 23
F. Refugee and asylee initial admissions and admissions to lawful permanent resident status: fiscal years 1946-94 . 73
G. Asylum applications filed with the INS: fiscal years 1973-94 77
H. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, intracompany transferees, and exchange visitors from top
twenty countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1994 95
1. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission from top ten countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1994 .. 97
J. Nonimmigrants admitted: fiscal years 1975-94 98
K. Nonimmigrants admitted by month and selected class of admission: calendar years 1991-94 99
Charts — Continued
Page
L. Nonimmigrants admitted by region of last residence: selected fiscal years 1955-94 100
M. Nonimmigrants admitted as students and their families for top ten countries of citizenship: fiscal year 1994 101
N. Persons naturalized by provision of law: fiscal years 1908-94 125
0. Persons naturalized by decade and selected region of birth: fiscal years 1961-94 126
P. Naturalizations of immigrants in residence before 1978 by year of naturalization: fiscal years 1989-94 127
Q. Median length of residence of those naturalized by region of birth: fiscal years 1992 and 1994 128
R. Naturalizations through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by year 129
S. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal years 1977 and 1982 by age 131
T. Immigrants admitted, calendar years 1970-79 by selected country of birth and naturalizations of those
immigrants: fiscal years 1970-94 134
U. Aliens apprehended: fiscal years 1951-94 158
Text Tables
A. Categories of immigrants subject to the numerical cap: unadjusted and fiscal year 1994 limits 15
B. Immigrants admitted by major category of admission: fiscal year 1994 20
C. Percent of immigrants admitted by region and period: fiscal years 1955-94 21
D. Immigrants admitted from top twenty countries of birth: fiscal year 1994 22
E. Refugee status applications filed and approved and refugees admitted by selected nationality: fiscal year 1994 . 74
F. Asylum applicafions filed with the INS by Central Americans: fiscal years 1988-94 77
G. Nonimmigrants admitted under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program by country of citizenship: fiscal years 1993-94 96
H. Nonimmigrants admitted from top fifteen countries of last residence in fiscal year 1994, ranked by amount of
change since fiscal year 1975 98
1. Median years of residence by year of naturalization and region of birth: selected fiscal years 1965-94 127
J. NaturalizaUons through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal years 1977 and 1982 by year 130
K. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by selected country
of birth 132
L. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1982 by selected country
of birth 133
M. Immigration and emigration by decade: 1901-90 178
N. Estimated illegal immigrant population for top twenty countries of origin and top twenty states of residence:
October 1992 179
Contents — Continued
Detailed Tables
Immigrants
Page
1. Immigration to the United States: fiscal years 1820-1994 25
2. Immigration by region and selected country of last residence: fiscal years 1820-1994 26
3. Immigrants admitted by region and selected country of birth: fiscal years 1984-94 30
4. Immigrants admitted by type and selected class of admission: fiscal years 1987-94 32
5. Immigrants admitted by region of birth and type and class of admission: fiscal year 1994 33
6. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and region and selected foreign state of chargeability under
the preference categories: fiscal year 1994 40
7. Immigrants admitted by type of admission and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 42
8. Immigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 ... 44
9. Immigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of last permanent residence:
fiscal year 1994 46
10. Immigrants admitted who were adjusted to permanent resident status by selected status at entry and region and
selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 48
1 1 . Immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1994, by calendar year of entry, type of admission, and region and selected
country of birth 50
12. Immigrants admitted by age and sex: fiscal years 1984-94 52
13. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth, age, and sex: fiscal year 1994 53
14. Immigrants admitted by marital status, age, and sex: fiscal year 1994 56
15. Irmnigrant-orphans adopted by U.S. citizens by sex, age, and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 57
16. Immigrant new arrivals admitted by selected port of entry and region and selected country of birth:
fiscal year 1994 58
17. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth and state of intended residence: fiscal year 1994 60
18. Immigrants admitted by state of intended residence: fiscal years 1986-94 63
19. Immigrants admitted by selected country of birth and selected metropolitan statistical area of intended residence:
fiscal year 1994 64
20. Immigrant beneficiaries of occupational preferences admitted by type of admission and occupation:
fiscal year 1994 67
21 . Immigrants admitted by major occupation group and region and selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 68
22. Immigrant conditional status removals and terminations under the Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986 by
selected country of birth: fiscal year 1994 70
Tables — Continued
Refugees, Asylees
Page
23. Refugee-status applications: fiscal years 1980-94 79
24. Refugee-status applications by geographic area and selected country of chargeability: fiscal year 1994 79
25. Refugee approvals and admissions by geographic area of chargeability: fiscal years 1987-94 80
26. Refugee arrivals into the United States by selected nationality: fiscal years 1988-94 81
27. Refugees granted lawful permanent resident status in fiscal year 1994 by calendar year of entry and region and
selected country of birth 82
28. Asylum cases filed with INS District Directors and Asylum Officers: fiscal years 1973-94 83
29. Number of individuals granted asylum by INS District Directors and Asylum Officers by selected nationality:
fiscal years 1988-94 84
30. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by selected nationality: fiscal year 1994 85
31. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by asylum office and state of residence: fiscal year 1994 86
32. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by enactment: fiscal years 1946-94 87
33. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by region and selected country of birth: fiscal
years 1946-94 88
34. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by age and sex: fiscal years 1987-94 89
35. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by region and selected country of birth: fiscal
years 1985-94 90
36. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by state of residence: fiscal years 1985-94 91
37. Refugees and asylees granted lawful permanent resident status by selected country of birth and selected
metropolitan statistical area of residence: fiscal year 1994 92
Nonimmigrants
38. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of last residence:
selected fiscal years 1981-94 102
39. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and region and selected country of citizenship: fiscal
year 1994 104
40. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission: selected fiscal years 1981-94 108
41. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, exchange visitors, and intracompany transferees by region and
selected country of citizenship: fiscal year 1994 110
42. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected port of entry and region and selected country of citizenship:
fiscal year 1994 116
43. Nonimmigrants admitted by age and region and selected country of citizenship: fiscal year 1994 120
44. Nonimmigrants admitted by selected class of admission and state of intended residence: fiscal year 1994 122
Tables — Continued
Naturalizations
Page
45. Petitions for naturalizations filed, persons naturalized, and petitions for naturalizations denied: fiscal
years 1907-94 136
46. Persons naturalized by general and special naturalization provisions: fiscal years 1989-94 137
47. Persons naturalized by selected naturalization provisions and region and selected country of former allegiance:
fiscal year 1994 138
48. Persons naturalized by region and selected country of former allegiance: fiscal years 1985-94 140
49. Persons naturalized by sex, marital status, and major occupation group: fiscal years 1989-94 142
50. Persons naturalized by state of residence: fiscal years 1985-94 143
51. Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance and state of residence: fiscal year 1994 144
52. Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance and selected metropolitan statistical area of
residence: fiscal year 1994 146
53. Persons naturalized by major occupation group and region and selected country of former allegiance:
fiscal year 1994 148
54. Persons naturalized in fiscal year 1994 by calendar year of entry and region and selected country of birth 150
55. Persons naturalized by selected country of former allegiance, age, and sex: fiscal year 1994 152
56. Persons naturalized by age and sex: fiscal years 1985-94 154
57. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by major class of
admission and occupation 155
58. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1993 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by selected
country of birth 156
Enforcement
59. Aliens apprehended, deported, and required to depart: fiscal years 1892-1994 160
60. Deportable aliens located by status at entry and region and selected country of nationality: fiscal year 1994 161
61. Aliens excluded by cause: fiscal years 1892-1984 162
62. Aliens excluded by cause: fiscal years 1985-94 162
63. Aliens excluded by region and selected country of birth: fiscal years 1990-94 163
64. Aliens under docket control required to depart by region and selected country of nationality: fiscal years 1990-94 164
Tables — Continued
Enforcement
Page
65. Aliens under docket control required to depart by cause and region and selected country of nationality:
fiscal year 1994 165
66. Aliens deported by cause: fiscal years 1908-80 166
67. Aliens deported by cause: fiscal years 1981-94 166
68. Aliens deported by region and selected country of nationality: fiscal years 1990-94 167
69. Aliens deported by region and selected country to which deported: fiscal years 1990-94 168
70. Aliens deported by cause and region and selected country of nationality: fiscal year 1994 169
71. Aliens deported and under docket control required to depart by status at entry: fiscal years 1989-94 170
72. Aliens deported and required to depart by region and district office: fiscal year 1994 171
73. Service participation in the control of marijuana, narcotics, and dangerous drug traffic: fiscal years 1984-94 172
74. Principal activities and accomplishments of the Border Patrol: fiscal years 1988-94 173
Litigation, Legal Activity
75. Prosecutions, fines, and imprisonment for immigration and nationality violations: fiscal years 1988-94 174
76. Convictions for immigration and nationality violations: fiscal years 1988-94 174
77. Writs of habeas corpus, judicial review of orders of deportation, and declaratory judgements in exclusion and
deportation cases: fiscal years 1988-94 175
Legislation
78. Private immigration and nationality bills introduced and laws enacted: 77th through 103rd Congress 176
Appendixes
1. Immigration and Naturalization Legislation A. 1-1
2. Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1994 A.2-2
3. Glossary A.3-2
4. Data Sources A.4-1
5. Table Genealogy A.5-2
NOTICE
Recent changes in the political and geographical definitions of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, and Czechoslovakia
have led to inconsistencies in the reporting of data. Information for these republics and the independent states
emerging from them are presented in this edition of the INS Statistical Yearbook as follows:
1. Soviet Union — On January 1, 1992, the United States formally recognized 12 independent republics within
the former Soviet Union: Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Moldova; Russia;
Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine; and Uzbekistan. Though nationality codes have been established for these
republics in the various INS data bases, a code remains for the Soviet Union. Complete data for fiscal year 1994
are available separately for immigrants for country of birth and for most nonimmigrant data; therefore, where the
independent republics are not shown separately, data are aggregated and presented for the former Soviet Union.
2. Yugoslavia — On April 7, 1992, the United States formally recognized 3 independent states within the
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia. Yugoslavia has
officially dissolved as an independent republic; however, for purposes of statistical reporting, it will be shown to
include the 3 independent states as well as Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. (On February 8, 1994,
Macedonia was recognized as an independent state.) Although nationality codes have been established for
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia (as well as Macedonia) in the various INS data bases, a code
remains for Yugoslavia. Complete data for fiscal year 1994 are not available for the separate states; therefore,
data are aggregated and presented only for the former Yugoslavia.
3. Czechoslovakia — On January 1, 1993, the United States formally recognized 2 independent states within
the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (CSFR or Czechoslovakia): the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic
(Slovakia). Czechoslovakia has officially dissolved as an independent republic; however, for purposes of
statistical reporting, it will be shown to include the 2 independent states. Although nationality codes have been
established for the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the various INS data bases, a code remains for
Czechoslovakia. Complete data for fiscal year 1994 are not available for the separate states; therefore, data are
aggregated and presented only for the former Czechoslovakia.
4. Ethiopia / Eritrea — On April 27, 1993, the United States formally recognized Eritrea as a sovereign
country, independent of Ethiopia. Complete data for fiscal year 1994 are not available for Eritrea; therefore, data
for Eritrea are included with Ethiopia.
10
INTRODUCTION
*
*
This Yearbook provides immigration data for 1994 along with
related historical information. The major areas covered
include: immigrants admitted for legal permanent residence;
refugees approved and admitted; nonimmigrant arrivals (e.g.,
tourists, students, etc.); aliens naturalized; and aliens
apprehended and expelled.
The statistics for 1994 reflect a decrease of immigration to the
United States; an all-time high in the number of tourists to the
United States; and a decrease in the number of deportable
aliens apprehended.
Highlights for 1994 include:
* 804,416 persons were granted legal permanent resident
status in fiscal year 1994, a decrease of nearly 100,000
from the year before. Much of the decrease between
fiscal years 1993 and 1994 reflectes the self-regulating
provisions of the Immigration Act of 1990.
* Mexico was the country of birth of 1 1 1 ,398
immigrants — the most of any country. More than 36
percent of all immigrants were bom in Asia.
* More than 70 percent of all immigrants intended to
reside in six states: California, New York, Texas,
Florida, New Jersey, and Illinois.
* More than 1 of 4 immigrants intended to reside in New
York City or Los Angeles.
* The republics of the former Soviet Union surpassed all
other countries for refugee arrivals with 44,095.
More than 22 million nonimmigrants were admitted — 78 percent were tourists.
Nearly 54 percent of all nonimmigrants arrived at four ports: Miami, New York, Los Angeles, and
Honolulu.
More than 394,000 foreign students entered the United States.
The naturalization rates as of 1993 for immigrants admitted in 1977 range from Canada (14.5
percent) to the Soviet Union (63.3 percent). Naturalization rates tend to be the highest for Asian,
Eastern European, and African countries.
Mexico was the leading country of birth for naturalized citizens with 39,310.
Nearly 50 percent of the naturalized citizens during the 1981-94 period were bom in Asia.
Apprehensions of deportable aliens decreased to 1.1 million — an 18 percent decrease from 1993.
More than 30,000 criminal aliens were expelled during 1994.
11
Chart A. Immigrants Admitted by Region of Birth:
Selected Fiscal Years 1955-94
Thousands
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000 -
800
600
400
200
0
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985 1990
1994
Source: 1980-94, Table 3; 1955-75, previous Yearbooks. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
12
I. IMMIGRANTS
Immigrants, as defined by U.S. immigration law, are
persons granted legal permanent residence in the United
States. They either arrive in the United States with
immigrant visas issued abroad, or adjust their status in the
United States from temporary to permanent residence.
Certain groups of immigrants are subject to a numerical
cap, while others are exempt from the cap.
Legal immigration declined by 11.0 percent between fiscal
years 1993 and 1994, from 904,292 to 804,416. This
decline of 99,876 immigrants reflects the self-regulatory
procedures built into the Immigration Act of 1990
(IMMACT90), the most comprehensive change in
immigration law in 25 years. The decline in immigration
in fiscal year 1994 occurred in five categories.
Employment-based Admissions
Employment-based immigration declined from 147,012 in
fiscal year 1993 to 123,291 in fiscal year 1994, a 16.1
percent decrease. The primary reason was lack of demand
for available visas. Fiscal year 1994 was the first year that
the new provisions of immigration law reflected the true
demand for professionals with advanced degrees or aliens
of exceptional ability.
IRCA Legalized Aliens and their Dependents
By the beginning of fiscal year 1994, almost all of the
aliens eligible for permanent resident status under the
legalization provisions of the Immigration Reform and
Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 had attained that status — 2.67
million out of a potential 2.76 million immigrants. Since
the remaining population eligible to adjust is now
relatively small compared to recent years, the number of
aliens adjusting status under the IRCA provisions declined
to 6,022 in 1994. In addition, the number of dependents of
legalized aliens decreased by approximately 21,000
between fiscal years 1993 and 1994. IMMACT90 allowed
for a maximum of 55,000 dependents of aliens legalized
under IRCA to immigrate each year from 1992 to 1994.
Under the law, the limit was reduced in 1994 when the
number of immediate relatives of U.S. citizens exceeded
239,000 in 1993.
Immigrants Admitted as Family Members
The total number of family preference immigrants
declined between fiscal year 1993 and fiscal year 1994 by
14,815, and in fiscal year 1994 fell short of the 226,000
family preference limit by 14,039. Most of the decline
occurred among spouses and children of legal permanent
residents. Half of the difference resulted from persons
who had been granted visas but did not use them in fiscal
year 1994. The number of parents of U.S. citizens also
declined — by 6,058, or 9.7 percent— from 62,428 in fiscal
year 1993 to 56,370 in fiscal year 1994.
Special Programs
Immigration declined in several special programs nearing
completion. Between fiscal years 1993 and 1994, the
number of Amerasian children admitted to the United
States declined by 74.6 percent, reducing the number
admitted under this special program from 11,116 to 2,822.
Also, the number of Indochinese and Soviet parolees
declined, by 47.7 percent, from 15,772 to 8,253. The
number of registered nurses who adjusted status under the
Nursing Relief Act of 1989 dropped— from 2,178 to 304.
Asylee Adjustments
Asylees who adjusted to permanent resident status declined
by nearly 50 percent, from 11,804 in fiscal year 1993 to
5,983 in fiscal year 1994, as backlogs for persons awaiting
adjustment were eliminated in 1994.
More than 804,000 immigrants were
granted legal permanent resident
status during 1994.
U.S. Immigration Policy
U.S. law gives preferential immigration status to aliens
with a close family relationship with a U.S. citizen or legal
permanent resident, aliens with needed job skills, or aliens
who qualify as refugees. Aliens in other categories usually
account for relatively few admissions. Since 1989,
however, nearly 2.7 million former illegal aliens have
gained permanent resident status through the legalization
provisions of IRCA. Immigration to the United States in
fiscal year 1994 can be divided into two general categories:
(1) those subject to the numerical cap and (2) those not
subject to the numerical cap.
Immigration Subject to the Numerical Cap
Annual Cap on Immigration
The Immigration Act of 1990 created an annual flexible
cap on immigration of 700,000 during transition fiscal
years 1992-94, and 675,000 thereafter (excluding refugee
and asylee adjustments and certain other categories).
During the transitional years, immigration law provided for
465,000 family-sponsored immigrants, 140,000
employment-based immigrants, 55,000 spouses and
children of legalized aliens, and 40,000 diversity
immigrants. Beginning in fiscal year 1995, the cap will
encompass an increase in family-sponsored immigrants to
13
Chart B. Immigrants Admitted to tlie United States from the Top Five
Countries of Last Residence: 1821 to 1994
Thousands
16,000 -
Mexico
Canada
Cuba
Philippines
United
Kingdom
Other
Mexico
14,000 -
12,000 -
Italy
Canada
Germany
I'^'y Germany
Mexico Canada
United Mg^j^Q
Kingdom
United
Other Kinadom
Philippines
China '
Korea
Vietnam
Other
10,000 -
Austria/
Hungary
Germany
United
Kingdom
Ireland . , ,
Ireland
Germany ^^^^^^
United ., ,
Norway/
^"g'^"'" Sweden
France
Germany
8,000 -
Soviet
Union
■
United
Kingdom
6 000 -
Ireland
Canada
Canada
Other
,
Other
1
Italy
United
Kingdom
1 Other 1
Italy
Other
4,000 -
Ireland
Germany
United
Kingdom
Other
Austria/
Hungary
1 Other I
■
2,000 -
■
■
^_
1
0 -
^^^^
^^H
_^^^(
1821- 1841- 1861- 1881-
1840 1860 1880 1900
1901- 1921- 1941-
1920 1940 1960
1961-
1980
1981-
1994^
China includes Mainland China and Taiwan. Fourteen-year period. Source; Table 2. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
14
480,000, continuation of 140,000 employment-based
immigrants, and conversion of the temporary diversity
program into a permanent category of 55,000 visas
annually.
Preference Immigrants
The Immigration Act of 1990 maintained a preference
system for legal immigrants rooted in family relationships
and job skills. Table A provides a detailed description of
the categories and limits for fiscal year 1994. The
maximum number of visas allowed under the preference
system in fiscal year 1994 was 369,213 — 226,000 for
family-sponsored immigrants and 143,213 for
employment-based immigrants. Within these overall
limits, no more than 25,845 preference visas could be
issued to persons born in any independent country and no
more than 7,384 to natives of a dependency. The
Department of State calculates the number of visas for the
preference categories each year based on usage during the
preceding year, and within a minimum of 366,000. The
per-country limit is also calculated annually and is limited
to 7 percent of the annual total; the limit for dependent
areas is 2 percent of the annual total.
Table A
Categories of Immigrants Subject to the Numerical Cap: Unadjusted and Fiscal Year 1994 Limits
Preference
Provision
Unadjusted FY 1994
limit limit
Family-sponsored immigrants
Family-sponsored preferences
First Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S citizens
Second Spouses, children, and unmarried sons and daughters of
permanent resident aliens
Third Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
Fourth Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens (at least 21 years of age)
Immediate relatives of adult U.S. citizens (spouses, children, and parents) and
children bom abroad to alien residents
Legalization Dependents
Employment-based preferences
First Priority Workers
Second Professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of exceptional ability
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Diversity Transition
Skilled workers, professionals, needed unskilled workers
and Chinese Student Protection Act
Special immigrants
Employment creation ("Investors")
465,000 '
465,000 '
226,000
226,000
23,400 '
23,400 '
114,200'
114,200'
23,400 '
23,400 '
65,000 '
65,000 '
Not
Not
limited
limited
55,000
32,776
140,000
143,213
40,040 '
40,918 '
40,040 '
40,918 '
40,040 '
40,918 '
9,940
10,230
9,940
10,229
40,000
46,918
Total
700,000 687,907
NOTE: The annual limit is adjusted based on visa usage in the previous year.
The number of immediate relatives of U.S. citizens included in these figures is assumed to be 239,000. Immediate relatives may enter without any
limitation; however, the Umit for family-sponsored preference visas in fiscal year 1994 is equal to 465,000 minus the number of immediate relatives
admitted in the preceding year. The limit on family-sponsored preference visas cannot go below a minimum of 226,000 — the worldwide limit of 465,000
minus 239,000. ' Plus unused family 4th preference visas. ^ Visas not used in higher preferences may be used in these categories. "* Plus unused
employment 4th and 5th preference visas.
15
In 1990, Congress made the largest changes in family-
sponsored preferences over previous law with
modifications of the second preference category. The
change effectively reduced the number of visas available
for adult children of legal permanent residents beginning in
1992 and increased the number of visas available for
spouses and minor children. Exemption from the per-
country limit also allowed spouses and minor children of
legal permanent residents from particular countries (e.g.,
Mexico and the Dominican Republic) to immigrate to the
United States sooner than would have been possible under
the previous system.
In addition to increasing the level of employment-based
immigration, IMMACT90 allotted a higher proportion of
visas to highly skilled immigrants. Prior to IMMACT90,
27,000 visas were issued to highly skilled immigrants and
their family members and 27,000 were issued to certain
skilled workers, unskilled workers, and their family
members. Beginning in 1992, approximately 110,000
visas became available to skilled immigrants and 10,000 to
unskilled workers. '
Transition Categories during 1992-94
The Immigration Act of 1990 made visas for certain
spouses and minor children of aliens legalized under the
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986
available during the 1992-94 transition. It limited the
number of visas issued under this provision each year to
55,000 minus the amount by which immediate relative
immigrants exceeded 239,000 in the previous year. In
fiscal year 1994, 32,776 of these visas were granted
because the number of immediate relatives visas exceeded
239,000 in fiscal year 1993.
In 1990, Congress also sought to make visas available to
countries adversely affected by the Immigration and
Nationality Act Amendments of 1965. IMMACT90
allowed for 40,000 immigrants to enter as diversity
immigrants each year during the transition period. Natives
of 34 countries were eligible for the program in 1992,
based on a decrease in total immigration after the 1965
amendments went into effect. ^ Congress also reserved a
minimum of 40 percent of the 120,000 visas issued over
the 3-year period for natives of Ireland. This temporary
diversity program is replaced with a permanent program
beginning in fiscal year 1995.
The 110,000 visas reserved for highly skilled immigrants and their
family members are allocated under the employment-based first, second,
and third preferemces. Needed unskilled workers are limited to 10,000
visas under a special category in the third preference. The remaining
20,000 visas in the employment-based preferences are provided to special
immigrants and immigrant investors who create jobs in the United States.
Natives of Canada were added to the eligibility list beginning in fiscal
year 1993.
16
Immigration Exempt from the Numerical Cap
Immigration exceeds the numerical limit of 700,000, and
for some countries is more than the per-country limit,
because certain immigrants are exempt from the numerical
cap. The major categories of immigrants exempt from the
numerical cap are:
Refugee and asylee adjustments;
Amerasians bom in Vietnam;
Certain parolees from the Soviet Union and Indochina; and
Aliens who applied for adjustment of status after having
unlawfully resided in the United States since January 1,
1982 (IRCA legalization) and certain special agricultural
workers. (The application period ended on November 30,
1988.)
Data Overview
Approximately 9.6 million immigrants were granted
permanent resident status during the past 10 years (1985-
94), including 1.6 million legalized aliens who entered the
United States before 1982. In comparison, during the
decade beginning in 1905, when immigration to the United
States was at its highest level, admissions totaled 10.1
million. Although similar in number, arrivals expressed as
rates of immigration relative to the total U.S. population
during these two time periods are quite different. The
average annual number of immigrants admitted from
1985-94 was 3.8 immigrants per thousand U.S. residents;
the annual rate during 1905-14 was 11.1,3 times as great.
Immigration to the United States reached its lowest point
during the Great Depression; in some years during the
1930s more persons left the United States than entered.
Immigration has generally increased since the end of
World War II, and during fiscal year 1991 it reached the
highest total ever recorded (Chart C), as a result of the
legalization programs. The number of persons granted
permanent resident status in 1992 and 1993 decreased to
974,000 and 904,000, respectively, principally due to
decreases in the number of adjustments under the
legalization provisions.
Immigration Subject to the Numerical Cap
Family-sponsored preferences
A total of 211,961 family-sponsored preference
immigrants were admitted in fiscal year 1994, a decrease
of 6.5 percent from 1993. The number of arrivals in fiscal
year 1994 is below the limit of 226,000 in part because of
normal processing lags in the Department of State's
issuance of family-sponsored visas. Actual admissions are
also typically lower than visa issuances because some
intending immigrants decide not to migrate to the United
States after they receive their visas.
Chart C
Immigrants Admitted: Fiscal Years 1900-94
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1994
Source: Table 1. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Over half of the family-sponsored immigrants in fiscal
year 1994 were admitted under the second preference
category as spouses and children of alien residents
(115,000). Of these, nearly 66,000 were exempted from
the per-country limit under a special provision of the 1990
law. This exemption has allowed for increased
immigration for persons born in Mexico and the
Dominican Republic, and shortened waiting times to enter
the United States. Nearly 97 percent of the Mexican
immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1994 were exempt from
the country-specific limit. The leading countries of birth
for family second preference immigrants in fiscal year
1994 were Mexico (28,787), the Dominican Republic
(18,197), El Salvador (9,776), and the Philippines (7,300).
Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens
The total number of immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
admitted in fiscal year 1994 declined by 2.1 percent to
249,764. Most of the decline is due to a nearly 10 percent
decrease in the number of parents admitted, the second
consecutive yearly decrease in this category. Immigrant
parents increased from approximately 35,000 in fiscal year
1984 to a high of 65,000 in fiscal year 1992 (Chart D),
before falling to 56,000 in fiscal year 1994.
The leading source countries for spouses of U.S. citizens
in fiscal year 1994 were Mexico (19,828), the Dominican
Republic (14,894), the Philippines (13,786), the United
Kingdom (5,729), Canada (4,985), and Germany (4,467).
The number of spouses of U.S. citizens admitted from the
Dominican Republic increased 52 percent between fiscal
years 1993 and 1994. Parents of U.S. citizens primarily
were born in Asian countries (58 percent).
A total of 8,200 orphans were admitted in fiscal year 1994.
The leading source countries were Korea (1,757), Russia
(1,324), China (748), Paraguay (497), and Guatemala
(431). The number of Korean orphans reached a high of
6,118 in fiscal year 1986 and has declined in each
subsequent year. The number of Russian and Chinese
orphans increased by 91 and 127 percent, respectively,
between fiscal years 1993 and 1994.
Legalization Dependents
The number of spouses and children of legalized aliens
entering under this transition category declined by 38
percent to 34,074 because the limit was reduced from
55,000 in 1993 to 32,776 in 1994. More than 97 percent
of these immigrants were bom in Mexico.
17
Chart D
Immigrants Admitted as Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens: Fiscal Years 1970-94
Thousands
160 -I
140 -
120 -
100 -
80 -
60 -
40 -
20 - .
,' *»-.
Spouses
Parents
Children
T
T
— I ' 1 —
1976 1978
T
T
T
T
T
1970 1972 1974
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
Source: Table 4.
Diversity Transition
The number of immigrants admitted under the Diversity
Program in fiscal year 1994 was 41,056, up from 33,468 in
1993. The diversity transition immigrants were natives of
countries that Congress determined to be adversely
affected by the Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of 1965. Potential immigrants among the
eligible countries were selected through a postcard lottery.
_ The countries with the most immigrants in fiscal year 1994
were Poland (17,495), Ireland (16,344), the United
Kingdom (3,050), and Canada (1,010). Nearly 111,000
diversity transition immigrants have been admitted during
fiscal years 1992-94.
Employment-based Preferences
The reforms of the Immigration Act of 1990 nearly
doubled the number of employment-based immigrants and
their families admitted between fiscal years 1991 and
1992, from 59,525 to 116,198. Employment-based
immigration in fiscal year 1994 totaled 123,291, below the
limit of 140,000.
Fiscal year 1994 provides the most accurate picture so far
of the effect of the new limits for employment-based
immigration and the underlying demand for skilled
workers in the United States. Before fiscal year 1994, the
number of immigrants entering under the various
employment-based preferences of IMMACT90 varied
substantially due to the relatively large number of
immigrants admitted under the Chinese Student Protection
Act (CSPA) in 1993 and 1994, and the conversion of
workers awaiting a visa under the old preference system.
Workers awaiting a visa under third preference
(professionals of exceptional ability) of the earlier law
were automatically converted to the employment-based
second preference of IMMACT90. The increase in the
total number of employment visas under IMMACT90
eliminated the backlog for professionals by fiscal year
1992 and fiscal year 1993. The decline of nearly 44,000 in
the number of second preference immigrants between
fiscal years 1992 and 1994 also reflected this automatic
conversion. The impact of the conversion was completed
in fiscal year 1994.
More than 60 percent of the employment-based
immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1994 entered under the
third preference. The 76,956 immigrants admitted under
this category included skilled workers, professionals,
needed unskilled workers, their families, and aliens subject
to the Chinese Student Protection Act. The number of
unskilled workers and their families, limited to 10,000
annually, added 9,390 to total immigration in fiscal year
1994.
The number of first preference priority workers admitted
in fiscal year 1994 was 21,053. More than 60 percent of
these workers were executives or managers of
multinational corporations. Other immigrants admitted
under the first preference included aliens with
extraordinary ability and outstanding professors or
researchers. The second preference was the next highest
category in fiscal year 1994. A total of 14,432
professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of
exceptional ability and their family members entered under
the second preference. Special immigrants entering under
the employment fourth preference numbered 10,406 in
1994. This category included ministers, religious workers,
former employees of the U.S. government, and retired
employees of international organizations. More than half
of the special immigrants in fiscal year 1994 were
religious workers. The number of persons entering under
the employment fifth preference, the employment creation
or "Investor" category, was 444 in fiscal year 1994.
Nearly 60 percent of the workers and their families
admitted under the employment-based preferences were
born in Asia. The countries with the largest number of
employment-based immigrants in fiscal year 1994
included China (33,559—20,925 under the CSPA), the
Philippines (9,569), India (8,372), Canada (6,937), and the
United Kingdom (5,161).
The fiscal year 1993 and 1994 employment-based
immigrants included aliens adjusted under the Chinese
Student Protection Act. This Act allowed certain Chinese
nationals living in the United States to adjust to permanent
resident status under the employment third preference.
These Chinese students and other temporary residents had
formerly been provided temporary safe haven in wake of
the Tiananmen Square incident. Most of the CSPA
immigrants were issued immigrant visas in fiscal year
1993, but were not counted in the total for that year
because their applications were not processed by the time
the fiscal year 1993 statistical compilations were
completed. The number of CSPA adjustments was 26,915
in fiscal year 1993 and 21,297 in fiscal year 1994.
Immigrants Exempt from the Numerical Cap
Approximately 142,000 immigrants admitted in fiscal year
1994 were not subject to the numerical cap. The largest
category of unrestricted immigrants included refugee and
asylee adjustments. A total of 115,451 refugees adjusted
to permanent resident status in fiscal year 1994, virtually
the same as the year before (Table B). Refugees are
eligible to become immigrants one year after they enter the
United States; therefore, there is a lag between their arrival
and adjustment to permanent resident status. The leading
countries of birth for refugees included Vietnam (27,311),
Ukraine (19,260), Cuba (11,729), and Russia (10,137).
Asylees must also wait one year after they gain asylee
status to apply for permanent resident status, and until
1992 there was a limit of 5,000 adjustments per year.
IMMACT90 increased the limit to 10,000 and exempted
asylees who had applied for adjustment before June I,
1990, from any numerical restrictions. As a result, the
number of asylee adjustments increased from 4,937 in
1990 to 22,664 in 1991 . The number of asylee adjustments
decreased to 5,983 in fiscal year 1994 because the backlog
of those waiting for adjustment declined.
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
established two major legalization provisions. A two-step
legalization process applied to 1) unauthorized aliens who
had resided in the United States continuously since 1982
and 2) unauthorized agricultural workers who worked in
certain perishable crops for at least 90 days during 1986.
Approximately 1.76 million persons applied for temporary
resident status (first step) under the 1982 requirement and
1.28 million persons applied as agricultural workers. Over
1.5 million aliens who had resided in the United States
since 1982 and 1.09 million Special Agricultural Workers
were granted permanent resident status (second step)
during the 1989-93 period. Since most of the persons
eligible for adjustment had attained that status in 1993 or
earlier, the number of adjustments in 1994 dropped to
6,022.
19
Table B
Immigrants Admitted by Major Category of Admission: Fiscal Year 1994
Category of admission 1994 1993
Change
Number Percent
-57,660
-8.0
-20,257
-4.2
14,815
-6.5
All immigrants 804,416 904,292 -99,876 -11.0
Subject to numerical cap 662,029 719,689
Family-sponsored immigrants 463,608 483,865
Family-sponsored preferences 211,961 226,776
Unmarried sons/daughters of
U.S. citizens 13,181 12,819 362 2.8
Spouses & children of alien
residents 115,000 128,308 -13,308 -10.4
Married sons/daughters of
U.S. citizens 22,191 23,385
Siblings of U.S. citizens 61,589 62,264
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens 249,764 255,059
Spouses ' 145,247 145,843
Parents 56,370 62,428
Children^ 48,147 46,788
Children born abroad to alien
residents 1,883 2,030
Legalization dependents 34,074 55,344
Employment-based immigrants 123,291 147,012
Priority workers 21,053 21,114
Profs, with advanced degrees or
of exceptional ability 14,432 29,468
Skilled, professionals, unskilled 76,956 87,689
Chinese Student Protection Act .. 21,297 26,915
Others 55,659 60,774
Special immigrants 10,406 8,158
Investors 444 583
Diversity transition 41,056 33,468
Not subject to numerical cap 142,387 184,603
Amerasians 2,822 11,116
Parolees (Soviet Union & Indochina) 8,253 15,772
Refugee and asylee adjustments 121,434 127,343
Total, IRCA legalization 6,022 24,278
Resident since 1982 4,436 18,717
Special Agricultural Workers 1,586 5,561
Other 3,856 6,094
' Includes fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens. ' Includes children of fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens.
Source: Table 4.
Admissions of other exempt immigrant groups — 1994 decreased by nearly 75 percent, to 2,822; the number
Amerasians, parolees, and registered nurses — experienced should continue to decline in 1995 because almost all of
significant decreases between fiscal years 1993 and 1994. the eligible Amerasians had migrated to the United States
The number of Amerasians admitted as immigrants in as of the end of fiscal year 1994.
-1,194
-5.1
-675
-1.1
-5,295
-2.1
-596
-.4
-6,058
-9.7
1,359
2.9
-147
-7.2
-21,270
-38.4
-23,721
-16.1
-61
-.3
-15,036
-51.0
10,733
-72.2
-5,618
-20.9
-5,115
-8.4
2,248
27.6
-139
-23.8
7,588
22.7
42,216
-22.9
-8,294
-74.6
-7,519
-47.7
-5,909
-4.6
-18,256
-75.2
-14,281
-76.3
-3,975
-71.5
-2,238
-36.7
20
Region and Country
The largest share of immigrants in fiscal year 1994 was
from Asia (36.4 percent), followed by North America
(33.8) (Table C). About one of five immigrants were bom
in Europe, the highest percentage for Europe since 1974.
African immigrants comprised 3.3 percent of the total, the
highest ever recorded for that region.
Mexico was the leading source country with 111,398
immigrants, or 13.8 percent of the total (Table D). Otlier
sending countries included China (53,985), the Philippines
(53,535), the Dominican Republic (51,189), and Vietnam
(41,345). The countries with the largest increases in
immigration between fiscal years 1993 and 1994 were the
Dominican Republic (5,769, 12.7 percent), Ireland (3,666,
27.0 percent), and Haiti (3,239, 32.1 percent). The
countries with the largest decreases in immigration were
Vietnam (-18,269, -30.6 percent), China (-11,593, -17.7
percent), the Philippines (-9,922, -15.6 percent), and El
Salvador (-9,174, -34.2 percent).
More than 30 percent of the immigrants admitted from
Mexico in fiscal year 1994 were spouses and children of
legalized aliens. This transition program for dependents
of legalized aliens ended in fiscal year 1994. Relatives of
legalized aliens are now considered in turn for family-
based second preference visas. If their legalized petitioner
naturalizes, however, they may enter as immediate
relatives of U.S. citizens.
The increase in immigration from the Dominican Republic
resulted from immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (an
increase of 9,503 between fiscal years 1993 and 1994).
Immigration increased from Ireland due to the heavy use
of the diversity transition category, and from Haiti as
immigrant processing resumed in Port-au-Prince during
fiscal year 1993. Immigration from Vietnam decreased for
the second consecutive year, primarily due to decreases in
Amerasian arrivals and parolee adjustments.
Geographic Distribution
Immigrants intended to settle in relatively few states and
urban areas. The top 6 states of intended residence for
immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1994 were California,
New York, Florida, Texas, New Jersey, and Illinois. These
states accounted for 69 percent of immigrants admitted in
1994. They also have been the leading states of intended
residence for new immigrants each year since 1971;
California has been the leading state of residence every
year since 1976.
Table C
Percent of Immigrants Admitted by Region and Period: Fiscal Years 1955-94
Region
1955-94 1955-64 1965-74 1975-84 1985-90 1991
1992
1993
All regions 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Europe
North and West
South and East
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North America
Caribbean
Central America
Other N. America ....
South America 5.9 5.1 6.0 6.6
100.0
6.2
4.4
5.7
6.0
1994
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20.0
50.2
29.8
13.4
8.9
7.4
14.9
17.5
20.0
8.8
28.6
11.0
5.2
4.0
1.8
5.3
5.4
6.0
11.2
21.6
18.7
8.1
4.9
5.6
9.6
12.1
14.0
29.9
7.7
22.4
43.3
33.8
19.6
36.6
39.6
36.4
2.1
.7
1.5
2.4
2.6
2.0
2.8
3.1
3.3
.6
.4
.7
.8
.5
.3
.5
.5
.6
41.4
35.9
39.6
33.6
48.0
66.3
39.4
33.3
33.8
12.7
7.0
18.0
15.1
12.0
7.7
10.0
11.0
13.0
4.6
2.4
2.5
3.7
7.2
6.1
5.9
6.4
5.0
24.1
26.4
19.0
14.8
28.8
52.5
23.5
15.9
15.9
5.9
Source: 1981-94, Table 3; 1955-80, previous Yearbooks.
21
Table D
Immigrants Admitted from Top Twenty Countries of Birth: Fiscal Year 1994
Category of admission
1994
1993
Change
Number
Percent
All countries 804,416
1. Mexico
2. China, Mainland
3. Philippines
4. Dominican Republic
5. Vietnam
6. India
7. Poland
8. Ukraine
9. El Salvador
10. Ireland
11. United Kingdom
12. Canada
13. Korea
14. Russia
15. Cuba
16. Jamaica
17. Haiti
18. Iran
19. Colombia
20. Taiwan
Other 235,721
904,292
11,398
126,561
53,985
65,578
53,535
63,457
51,189
45,420
41,345
59,614
34,921
40,121
28,048
27,846
21,010
18,316
17,644
26,818
17,256
13,590
16,326
18,783
16,068
17,156
16,011
18,026
15,249
12,079
14,727
13,666
14,349
17,241
13,333
10,094
11,422
14,841
10,847
12,819
10,032
14,329
-99,876
-11.0
15,163
-12.0
11,593
-17.7
-9,922
-15.6
5,769
12.7
18,269
-30.6
-5,200
-13.0
202
.7
2,694
14.7
-9,174
-34.2
3,666
27.0
-2,457
-13.1
-1,088
-6.3
-2,015
-11.2
3,170
26.2
1,061
7.8
-2,892
-16.8
3,239
32.1
-3,419
-23.0
-1,972
-15.4
-4,297
-30.0
267,937
-32,216
-12.0
More than one in four immigrants admitted in fiscal year
1994 intended to reside in either New York City or Los
Angeles. The leading metropolitan areas of intended
residence included New York, NY (124,423) and Los
Angeles-Long Beach, CA (77,112), followed by Chicago,
IL (40,081), Miami-Hialeah, FL (29,108), Washington,
DC-MD-VA (25,021), Boston-Lowell-Brockton, MA
(18,709), and San Francisco, CA (18,641).
Sex and Age
The sex ratio of the immigrants admitted in fiscal year
1994 was 86 males for every 100 females. This ratio is
similar to historical levels; usually more females
immigrate to the United States than males. During 1988-
92, however, more men were admitted than women due to
the IRCA legalization program. In 1991, the peak year for
IRCA legalization adjustments, the sex ratio reached 198
males for every 100 females.
A comparison of age distributions shows that immigrants
are relatively more concentrated in the age groups from 20
to 34 years than the total U.S. population (Chart E). In
1994 the median ages for the total U.S. population were
32.9 years for males and 35.2 years for females.
Immigrants in 1994 were younger, with median ages of
27.6 years and 28.9 years, respectively.
Occupation
Approximately 36 percent of all immigrants admitted in
1994 reported having an occupation at the time of entry or
adjustment. Immigrants qualifying for immigrant status
based on their job skills under the employment-based
preferences (which totaled 62,723 admissions in 1994)
enter the U.S. workforce in their reported occupations, as
shown in Table 20. The remaining immigrants have
reported either the occupation in their last job before
immigration or the occupation in which they have been
trained or are qualified to perform.
22
Chart E
Percent Age and Sex Distribution of U.S. Population and Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal Year 1994
Age
80 +
75-79
70-74
65-69
60-64
55-59
50-54
45-49
40-44
35-39
30-34
25-29
20-24
15-19
10-14
5-9
0-4
10
Male
m
Female
□ Immigrants, FY 1994
□ U.S. Population
n
2 0
Percent of total
10
Source: U.S. population data are provisional estimates for July 1, 1994 published by the U.S. Bureau of (he Census, U.S. Population Estiimites by A)ic.
Sex. Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1990 to 1994. Series PPL-21; immigrants, Table 12.
More than half of the employment-based immigrants have
a professional specialty or technical occupation (51.4
percent). ' The leading occupational groups following
professionals are executive, administrative, and
managerial occupations (20.7 percent); service
occupations (14.9); precision production, craft, and repair
occupations (4.3); and operator, fabricator, or laborer
occupations (3.6).
Nearly 69 percent of the priority workers (first preference)
have an executive, administrative, or managerial
occupation. The second and third preference professionals
and skilled workers are concentrated in the professional
specialty and technical occupations. For most
employment-based immigrants, labor certification from
the Department of Labor is generally required so that the
entry of such persons will not adversely affect U.S.
workers' wages or working conditions.
Excluding those with an unknown occupation.
Data Collection
Aliens arriving from outside the United States (new
arrivals) generally must have a valid immigrant visa issued
by the U.S. Department of State to be admitted for legal
permanent residence. Aliens already in the United States
in a temporary status who are eligible to become legal
permanent residents (adjustments) are granted immigrant
status by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
The source of information on new arrivals is the immigrant
visa (OF- 155, Immigrant Visa and Alien Registration, U.S.
Department of State), and the source of information on
adjustments is the form granting legal permanent resident
status (1-181, Memorandum of Creation of Record of
Lawful Permanent Residence, U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service). After the immigrant is admitted,
the immigrant visa and adjustment forms are forwarded to
INS' Immigrant Data Capture (IMDAC) facility for
processing. The IMDAC facility generates records that are
the source of the statistics on immigrants presented in this
report. Variables collected include: port of admission;
23
type (or class) of admission; countries of birth, last
residence, and nationality; age, sex, and marital status;
occupation; original year of entry and class of entry for
those adjusting from temporary to permanent residence;
and the state and zip code of the immigrant's intended
residence.
Limitations of Data
The number of immigrants admitted for legal permanent
residence in a year is not the same as the number of net
migrants who entered the United States in that year. The
reasons for the difference in counts are:
1) Immigrant adjustments are reported in the year the
aliens adjust their status to legal permanent residence and
not in the year they migrate to the United States in a
temporary status.
2) Some migrants (such as parolees, refugees, and asylees)
may never be counted as legal permanent residents even
though they are permanently residing in the United States
{i.e., they are not required to adjust to permanent resident
status).
3) Information on emigration (immigrants permanently
departing the United States) and information on net illegal
immigration is not available (see Data Gaps section).
Most immigrants adjusting to legal permanent resident
status entered the United States on a permanent basis prior
to their year of adjustment. All of the 6,022 immigrants
who adjusted under the legalization provision of IRCA
must have been residents of the United States since 1987.
Some of the others adjusting are refugees who legally must
wait 1 year before applying for permanent residence status,
and, therefore, do not appear as immigrants until they
adjust their status. Some refugees may never appear as
immigrants because they do not apply for permanent
residence, although most do adjust soon after they become
eligible.
Conditional Entrants
The Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986
were designed to deter immigration-related marriage fraud.
The act stipulates that aliens deriving their immigrant
status based on a marriage of less than 2 years are
conditional immigrants. To remove their conditional
status, these immigrants must apply to the INS during the
90-day period before their second-year anniversary of
receiving that status. If the aliens cannot prove that their
marriage was and is a valid one, their conditional status is
revoked and they become deportable. The immigrant
classes of admission subject to this law are the family-
sponsored second (spouses and unmarried sons and
daughters of permanent residents) and third (married sons
and daughters of U.S. citizens) preferences; and fiance(e)s,
spouses, and children of U.S. citizens. During fiscal year
1994, the INS reviewed and made a decision on 96,033
conditional immigrant cases, granting 94 percent. Data on
conditional immigrant cases processed by the INS are
derived from the Marriage Fraud Amendments System.
The cases processed were matched against immigrant
admission data to provide complete data on individuals
processed under the Marriage Fraud Amendments.
24
TABLE 1. IMMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES: FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1994
Year
Number
Year
Number
Year
Number
Year
Number
1820 - 1994
61,503,866
8,385
143,439
9,127
6,911
6,354
7,912
10,199
10,837
18,875
27,382
22.520
23.322
599,125
22.633
60.482
58,640
65.365
45.374
76.242
79.340
38.914
68.069
84.066
1,713,251
80.289
104,565
52,496
78,615
114,371
154,416
234,968
226,527
297,024
369,980
2,598,214
379,466
371.603
368.645
427,833
200,877
200,436
251,306
123,126
121.282
153.640
2,314,824
91.918
91.985
176.282
193,418
248,120
318.568
315.722
138.840
352,768
387,203
1871-80
2,812,191
321,350
404,806
459,803
313,339
227,498
169,986
141,857
138,469
177,826
457,257
5,246,613
669,431
788,992
603,322
518,592
395,346
334,203
490,109
546.889
444.427
455,302
3,687,564
560.319
579,663
439,730
285,631
258,536
343,267
230,832
229,299
311,715
448.572
8,795,386
487.918
648,743
857,046
812,870
1,026,499
1,100,735
1,285.349
782.870
751,786
1,041,570
5,735,811
878.587
838.172
1.197,892
1.218.480
326.700
298.826
295.403
110.618
141.132
430.001
1921-30
4,107,209
805.228
309.556
522,919
706.896
294.314
304.488
335.175
307,255
279,678
241,700
528,431
97,139
35,576
23,068
29,470
34,956
36,329
50,244
67,895
82,998
70.756
1,035,039
51.776
28,781
23,725
28,551
38.119
108.721
147,292
170,570
188,317
249,187
2,515,479
205,717
265.520
170.434
208,177
237,790
321,625
326.867
253,265
260,686
265,398
3,321,677
271.344
283.763
306.260
292,248
296,697
323,040
361,972
454,448
358,579
373.326
1971-80
1820
1821-30
4,493314
370,478
384,685
400,063
394,861
386.194
398,613
103.676
462.315
601 442
1821
1871
1921
1971 .
1822
1872
1922
1972 . ...
1823
1873
1923
1973 ....
1 824
1874
1924
1974
1825
1875
1925
1975
1826
1876
1926
1976
1827
1877
1927
1976, TQ
1828
1878
1928
1929
1977
1829
1879
1978
1830
1880
1930
1979
460.348
530 639
1881-90
1931-40
1980
1831-40
1981-90
1831
1881
1931
7,338,062
596,600
1832
1882
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1981
1833
1883
1982
594,131
1834
1884
1983
559,763
1835
1885
1984
543,903
1836
1886
1985
570,009
1837
1887
1986
601,708
1838
1888
1987
601,516
1839
1889
1988
643,025
1840
1890
1940
1989
1 090 924
1891-1901
1941-50
1990
1 536 483
1841-50 ... .
1991-94
1991
1841
1891
1941
4,509,852
1842
1892
1942
1,827,167
1843
1893
1943
1992
973,977
1844
1894
1944
1993
904,292
1845
1895
1945
1994
804,416
1846
1896
1946
1847
1897
1947
1848
1898
1948
1849
1899
1949
1950
1951-60
1850
1900
1851-60
1901-10
1851
1901
1902
1903
1951
1852
1952
1853
1953
1954
1955
1854
1904
1855
1905
1856
1906
1956
1857
1907
1957
1858
1908
1909
1910
1911-20
1958
1959
1859
1860
1960
1861-70
1961-70
1861
1911
1961
1862
1912
1962
1863
1913
1963
1864
1914
1964
1865
1915
1965
1866
1916
1966
1867
1917
1967
1868
1918
1968
1869
1919
1969
1870
1920
1970
NOTE: The numbers shown are as follows: from 1820-67. figures represent alien passengers arrived al seaports; from 1868-92 and 1895-97. immigrant aliens
arrived; from 1892-94 and 1898-1994, immigrant aliens admitted for permanent residence. From 1892-1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as
immigrants. Land arrivals were not completely enumerated until 1908. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
25
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1994
Region and counlry of
last residence '
1820
1821 -30
1831-40
1841-50
1851 -60
1861 -70
1871 -80
All countries
Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland '
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden ,
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom ' '
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China'"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland " "
Mexico "
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Other Central America ..
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ....
Other America
Africa
Oceania
Not specified "
See footnotes at end of table.
26
8,385
7,690
1
20
371
968
3,614
30
49
3
5
35
7
14
139
31
2,410
1
11
3
387
209
1
164
164
2
20
2
11
1
1
300
143,439
98,797
27
20
11,564
2,277
4,817
3,834
3,834
105
20
105
531
531
22
16
2
33.030
599,125
495,681
22
169
1.063
8,497
45,575
6,761
152,454
20
49
50,724
207,381
409
2,253
1,078
1,412
91
1,201
6
6
6
b
16
369
145
829
75
111
2,477
2,125
3,226
4,821
25,079
75,810
•)
9
3
40
30
55
2
8
39
1
33,424
13,624
6,599
12,301
12,301
44
20
44
856
856
22
54
9
69,902
1,713,251
1,597,442
5,074
4
539
77,262
434,626
16
780,719
1,870
8,251
13,903
105
550
7
551
2,209
4,644
267,044
9
79
141
35
II
36
59
11
62,469
41,723
3,271
13,528
13,528
368
20
368
3,579
3,579
22
55
29
53.115
2,598,214
2,452,577
4,738
4
3,749
76,358
951.667
31
914,119
9,231
10,789
20,931
1,164
1.055
7
457
9.298
25.011
423,974
41,538
41,397
43
83
15
74,720
59,309
3,078
10,660
10,660
449
20
449
1^24
1,224
22
210
158
29,011
2,314,824
2,065,141
7.800
7.124'
484'
6.734
4
17.094
35.986
787.468
72
435,778
11,725
9,102
109.298
2,027
2,658
7
2,512
6,697
23,286
606,896
64,759
64.301
U
69
186
I*;
16
131
11
72
166,607
153,878
2,191
9,046
9,046
95
20
95
1397
1,397
22
312
214
17,791
2,812,191
2,271,925
72,969
63,009
9,960
7,221
4
31,771
72,206
718,182
210
436,871
55,759
16,541
211,245
95,323
115,922
12.970
14.082
iT
39,284
5,266
28,293
548,043
9
1,001
124,160
123,201
11
163
149
15
16
404
11
243
404,044
383,640
5,162
13,957
13,957
157
20
157
1,128
1,128
22
358
10,914
790
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1994— Continued
Region and country of
last residence '
1891 - 1900
1901 ■ 10
1911 -20
1921 -30
1931 -40
1941 -50
1951 -60
1961 -70
All countries
Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland '
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom ' '
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China'"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland " "
Mexico "
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
E! Salvador
Other Central America ..
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ....
Other America
Africa
Oceania
Not specified "
See footnotes at end of table.
3,687,564
3,555,352
592,707 "
234,081 '
818,288'
18,167
50,231
30,770
505,152"
15,979
388,416
651.893
26,758
321,281
95,015
226,266
96,720 "
27,508
12,750
505,290 "
8,731
31,179
271,538
9
282
74,862
14,799
II
68
25,942
30,425
II
3,628
38,972
3,311
971 "
33,066
33,066
549
20
549
1,075
1,075
22
350
3,965
14,063
8,795,386
8,056,040
2,145,266"
668,209 '
808,511 '
41,635
4
65,285
73,379
341,498"
167,519
339,065
2,045,877
48,262
440,039
190,505
249,534
23
69,149
53,008
1,597,306"
27,935
34,922
525,950
9
39,945
323,543
20,605
11
4,713
129,797
157,369
1]
11,059
361,888
179,226
49,642
107,548
107,548
8,192
20
8,192
17,280
17,280
22
7,368
1 3,024
33,523 '
5,735,811
4,321,887
896,342 "
453,649
442,693
33,746
3,426 '
41,983
61,897
143,945 "
184,201
146,181
1,109,524
43,718
161,469
66,395
95,074
4,813"
89,732
13,311
921,201 "
68,611
23,091
341,408
1,888'
31,400
247,236
21,278
I]
2,082
83,837
15
16
134,066
II
5,973
1,143,671
742,185
219,004
123,424
123,424
17,159
20
17,159
41,899
41,899
22
8,443
13,427
1,147
4,107,209
2,463,194
63,548
32,868
30,680
15,846
102,194
32,430
49,610
412,202
51,084
211,234
455,315
26,948
165,780
68,531
97,249
227,734
29,994
67,646
61,742
28,958
29,676
339,570
49,064
42,619
112,059
29,907
II
1,886
241 "
1.1
33,462
33,824
II
12,739
1,516,716
924,515
459,287
74,899
15,901 '
58,998
15,769
20
15,769
42,215
42,215
31 ■
6,286
8,726
228
528,431
347,566
11,424
3,563 '
7,861
4,817
14,393
2,559
12,623
114,058'
9,119
10,973
68,028
7,150
8,700
4,740
3,960
17,026
3,329
3,871
1,370
3,258
5,512
31,572
5,835
11,949
16,595
4,928
II
496
195
13
1,948
15
528'
1,065
7,435
160,037
108,527
22,319
15,502
9,571
1,150'
191 '
21
4,590
5,861
673'
5,188
7,803
1,349 '
1,223 '
337'
4,894
25
1,750
2,483
1,035,039
621,147
28,329
24,860 '
3,469
12,189
8,347
5,393
38,809
226,578 '
8,973
19,789
57,661
14,860
20,765
10,100
10,665
7,571
7,423
1,076
571
2,898
10,547
139,306
1,576
8,486
37,028
16,709
1,761
1,380
476'
1,555
107'
4,691
798
9,551
354.804
171,718
60,589
49,725
26,313
5,627
911
16,874
21,665
5,132
16,533
21,831
3,338
3,858
9,841
12,218
29,276
7,367
14,551
142
2,515,479
1,325,727
103,743
67,106
36,637
18,575
918
10.984
51,121
477,765
47,608
48,362
185,491
52,277
44,632
22,935
21,697
9,985
19,588
1,039
671
7,894
17,675
202,824
8,225
16,350
153,249
9,657
15,541 "
1,973
3,388
25,476
46,250
6,231
19,307
3,519
335"
21,572
996,944
377,952
299,811
123,091
78,948
9,897
4,442
8,869 "
20,935 "
44,751
5,895
38,856
91,628
19,486
18,048
9,841
44,253
59,711
14,092
12,976
12,491
3,321,677
1,123,492
26,022
20,621
5,401
9,192
3,273
9,201
45,237
190,796
85,969
32,966
214,111
30,606
32,600
15,484
17,116
53,539
76,065
2,531
2,465
44,659
18,453
213,822
20,381
11,604
427,642
34,764
75,007
27,189
10,339
29,602
39,988
34,526
98,376
10,142
4,340
63,369
1,716,374
413,310
453,937
470,213
208,536
93,292
34,499
74,906
58,980
101,330
14,992
86,338
257,940
49,721
72,028
36,780
99,411
19,644
28,954
25,122
93
27
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1994— Continued
Region and country of
last residence '
1971 -80
1981 -90
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total
175 years,
1820-1994
All countries
Europe
Austria-Hungary
Austria
Hungary
Belgium
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland '
Italy
Netherlands
Norway-Sweden
Norway
Sweden
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom ' '
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China'"
Hong Kong
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Philippines
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
America
Canada & Newfoundland "
Mexico "
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic ...
Haiti
Jamaica
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Other Central America
South America
Argentina
Colombia
Ecuador
Other South America ..
Other America
- Africa
Oceania
Not specified "
See footnotes at end of table.
28
4,493314
800368
16,028
9,478
6,550
5,329
6,023
4,439
25,069
74,414
92,369
11,490
129,368
10,492
10,472
3,941
6,531
37,234
101,710
12,393
38,961
39,141
8,235
137,374
30,540
9,287
1,588,178
124,326
113,467
164,134
45,136
37,713
49.775
267,638
354,987
13,399
172,820
244,783
1,982,735
169,939
640,294
741,126
264,863
148,135
56.335
137,577
134,216
134,640
34.436
100.204
295,741
29,897
77,347
50,077
138,420
995
80,779
41,242
12
7,338,062
761,550
24,885
18,340
6,545
7,066
7,227
5,370
32,353
91,961
38,377
31.969
67,254
12,238
15,182
4,164
11,018
83,252
40.431
30.857
57,677
20,433
8,849
14,667
18,762
8,234
2,738,157
346,747
98,215
250,786
116,172
44,273
47,085
333,746
548,764
23,233
280,782
648,354
3,615,225
156,938
1,655,843
872,051
144,578
252,035
138,379
20,474
128,911
468,088
213.539
254.549
461,847
27,327
122,849
56.315
255,356
458
176.893
45,205
1,032
1,536,483
124,026
4,733
3,774
959
827
578
674
4,265
12,152
3.887
9.740
16.246
1,515
1.930
552
1,378
18,364
4,066
3,496
14,779
2,744
1,288
19,054
2,778
910
321,879
40,639
14,367
28,809
14,905
5,906
6,431
30,964
71,279
3,205
14,755
90,619
1,050,527
24,642
680,186
112,635
9,436
42,136
19,869
23,667
17,527
146,243
79,601
66,642
86,821
5.953
23,783
12,474
44.611
32.797
6.804
450
1,827,167
146,671
4.455
3.511
944
701
625
629
3.978
10.887
2.929
4.608
30.316
1,303
1,796
554
1,242
17,106
4,576
6,786
31,557
2,663
1,003
16,768
2,802
1,183
342,157
23,995
15,895
42,707
9.927
5.116
5.600
25.430
68.750
3,466
14,847
126,424
1,297,580
19.931
947.923
138,591
9,474
41,422
47,046
22,977
17,672
110,820
46,923
63,897
80,308
4,231
19,272
9,962
46,843
7
33,542
7,061
156
973,977
153,260
3,934
2,895
1.039
957
874
769
4,492
12,875
2,168
12,035
11,962
1,687
2,296
790
1,506
24.491
2,774
4,907
37,069
2,041
1,303
21,924
2,741
1,961
344,802
29,554
16,802
34,841
6.995
5,938
11,735
18,734
63,478
3,203
31,172
122,350
445,194
21.541
214.128
95,945
10.890
41.948
10.756
18,280
14,071
57,849
26,077
31,772
55,725
4.083
12.885
7.322
31,435
6
24,707
5,994
20
904,292
165,711
2.914
1.880
1.034
776
792
762
3.959
9,965
2,460
13,396
3,899
1,542
2,253
713
1,540
27,288
2,075
4,517
59,949
1,791
1,263
20,422
2,781
2,907
345,425
57,775
14,026
38,653
8,908
5,216
7,673
17,320
63,406
3,487
31,894
97,067
361,476
23,898
126,642
98,185
12,976
45,464
9,899
16,761
13,085
58,666
26,794
31,872
54,077
2,972
12,597
7.400
31.108
8
25,532
6,144
4
804,416
166,279
2,123
1.314
809
621
759
639
3.592
8.940
2,539
16,525
2,664
1,359
1,804
515
1,289
27,597
2,163
2,932
64,502
1,756
1,183
17,666
3,183
3,732
282,449
58,867
11,953
33,173
6,998
3,982
6,974
15,417
52,832
3,880
32,387
55,986
325,173
22,243
111,415
103,750
14,216
51,221
13.166
13.909
11.238
40,256
17,669
22,587
47,505
2,474
10,653
5.943
28,435
4
24.864
5,647
61,503,866
37,732,981
4,356,208
1,838,546'
1,671,586'
213,611
148,851
373,211
803,608
7,126,132
714,000
4,771,697
5,421,949
380,123
2,154,103
803,796'
1,290,052'
702,818
512.849
223.983
3.636.783
293.399
364.191
5,195,930
147,778
191,757
7,334,013
1,084,567
360.906"
605.090
209.679 "
157,792"
494,226 "
719,149"
1,275,119"
426,363
568,577"
1,432.545
15,496,971
4,407,840
5,969,623
3,139,648
796,266 "
690,191"
315,624'°
501,427"
836,140
1,087,219
392,130'°
695,089
1,487,918
144,878'°
350,760'°
186,394'°
805,886
110.151
442.790
229.468
267.643
TABLE 2. IMMIGRATION BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1820 - 1994— Continued
' Data for years prior to 1906 relate to country whence alien came; data from 1906-79 and 1984-94 are for country of last permanent residence; and data
for 1980-83 refer to country of birth. Because of changes in boundaries, changes in lists of countries, and lack of data for specified countries for
various periods, data for certain countries, especially for the total period 1820-1994, are not comparable throughout. Data for specified countries are
included with countries to which they belonged prior to World War I.
^ Data for Austria and Hungary not reported until 1 86 1 .
' Data for Austria and Hungary not reported separately for all years during the period.
" No data available for Czechoslovakia until 1920.
' Prior to 1926, data for Northern Ireland included in Ireland.
*■ Data for Norway and Sweden not reported separately until 1871.
' No data available for Romania until 1 880.
' Since 1925, data for United Kingdom refer to England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland.
' In 1920, a separate enumeration was made for the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Since 1922, the Serb, Croat, and Slovene Kingdom recorded
as Yugoslavia.
'" Beginning in 1957, China includes Taiwan.
" Data not reported separately until 1952.
'^ Data not reported separately until 1925.
" Data not reported separately until 1949.
''' No data available for Japan until 1 86 1 .
" Data not reported separately until 1948.
" Prior to 1934, Philippines recorded as insular travel.
" Prior to 1920, Canada and Newfoundland recorded as British North America. From 1820-98, figures include all British North America possessions.
" Land arrivals not completely enumerated until 1908.
" No data available for Mexico from 1886-94.
^° Data not reported separately until 1932.
" Data for Jamaica not collected until 1953. In prior years, consolidated under British West Indies, which is included in "Other Caribbean."
^' Included in countries "Not specified" until 1925.
" From 1899-1919, data for Poland included in Austria-Hungary, Germany, and the Soviet Union.
^* From 1938-45, data for Austria included in Germany.
^' Includes 32,897 persons returning in 1906 to their homes in the United States.
NOTE: From 1820-67, figures represent alien passengers arrived at seaports; from 1868-91 and 1895-97, immigrant aliens arrived; from 1892-94 and
1898-1994, immigrant aliens admitted for permanent residence. From 1892-1903, aliens entering by cabin class were not counted as immigrants. Land
arrivals were not completely enumerated until 1908.
See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. For this table, fiscal year 1843 covers 9 months ending September 1843; fiscal years 1832 and 1850 cover 15
months ending December 31 of the respective years; and fiscal year 1868 covers 6 months ending June 30, 1868.
- Represents zero.
29
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1984-94
Region and country
of birth
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
All countries .
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia ,,
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kmgdom .
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab
Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
543,903
64,076
32
442
537
225
1,218
512
9
264
2,135
6,747
2,865
825
1,223
3,130
37
45
1,242
375
9,466
3,779
4,004
6,088
1,393
974
620
13,949
1,569
371
256,272
3,222
823
719
11,856
23,363
5.465
24,964
1,113
13,807
2,930
3,066
4,043
2,438
33,042
437
12,279
3,203
260
879
5,509
42,768
208
377
554
1,724
12,478
4,885
1,793
76
37,236
331
424
570,009
63,043
45
419
538
249
1,222
478
7
290
2,187
7,109
2,579
1,009
1,397
3,214
25
39
1,217
361
9,464
3,781
5,188
3,521
1,413
1,076
729
13,408
1,662
416
264,691
2,794
1,146
990
13,563
24,787
5,171
26,026
1,269
16,071
1,951
3,113
4,086
2,998
35,253
503
9,133
3,385
271
939
5,744
47,978
228
460
553
1,581
14,895
5,239
1,691
92
31,895
435
451
601,708
62,512
53
463
620
221
1,118
554
6
322
2,518
6,991
2,512
1,006
1,839
3,089
26
49
1,261
354
8,481
3,766
5,198
2,588
1,591
1,098
677
13,657
2.011
443
268,248
2,831
1,634
863
13.501
25.106
5.021
26.227
1,183
16,505
1.323
3,790
3,959
3,081
35.776
496
7.842
3,994
243
886
5,994
52,558
275
480
596
1,604
13,424
6,204
1,753
121
29,993
480
505
601,516
61,174
62
483
636
205
1,357
537
15
331
2,513
7,210
2,653
994
3,060
2,784
23
37
1,230
326
7,519
3,912
3,837
2,384
1,578
1,057
759
13,497
1,827
348
257,684
2.424
1.649
941
12.460
25.841
4.706
27.803
1.254
14.426
1.072
3,699
4.174
3.125
35.849
507
6,828
4.367
254
1.016
6.319
50,060
294
469
630
1,669
11,931
6,733
1.596
122
24.231
727
508
643,025
64,797
82
514
581
217
1,482
558
II
390
2,524
6,645
2,458
1,227
5,058
2.949
31
47
1,187
397
9,507
3,199
3.875
2.949
1.483
1.156
751
13,228
1,941
350
264,465
2,873
1,325
803
9,629
28,717
8,546
26,268
1,342
15,246
1,022
3,640
4,512
3.232
34.703
599
10.667
4,910
183
1,250
5.438
50.697
338
492
634
2,183
9,670
6,888
1.642
111
25.789
619
497
1,090,924
82,891
71
501
548
265
992
593
14
325
2.598
6.708
2.491
1.193
6.961
2.910
57
63
1.193
482
15.101
3,758
4,573
11,128
1,550
1,078
788
14,090
2.496
364
312,149
3.232
2.180
1,170
6,076
32,272
9.740
31.175
1.513
21.243
1.516
4.244
4.849
3.921
34,222
710
12,524
5,716
246
1.506
8,000
57,034
381
566
757
2.675
13.974
9.332
2.007
114
37.739
966
549
1,536,483
112,401
78
675
682
428
1.412
666
20
369
2.849
7.388
2.742
1.655
10.333
3.287
45
67
1.424
524
20.537
4,035
4.647
25,524
1,886
1,196
845
15,928
2,828
331
338,581
3,187
4.252
1.120
5.179
31.815
9.393
30.667
3.498
24.977
1,756
4.664
5.734
4,449
32.301
691
10.446
5.634
301
1,867
9,729
63,756
518
620
976
2,972
15,151
8,914
2,468
192
48,792
1,945
617
1,827,167
135,234
142
589
525
623
1,156
601
23
333
2,450
6,509
2,079
1,534
4,767
2,619
86
157
1,283
486
19,199
4,524
8,096
56,980
1,849
1,080
696
13.903
2.713
232
358,533
2,879
10,676
946
3,251
33,025
10,427
45.064
2.223
19.569
1.494
4.181
5.049
4.259
26,518
861
9,950
6,009
267
1,860
20.355
63.596
552
535
1,377
2,837
13,274
7,397
2,528
164
55,307
1,547
556
973,977
145,392
682
701
780
1,049
1,181
764
194
525
3,288
9,888
1,858
1,304
12,226
2,592
419
353
1.586
665
25,504
2,748
6,500
43,614
1,631
1,463
1,023
19,973
2,604
277
356,955
2,685
3,740
816
2,573
38.907
10.452
36.755
2.916
13,233
4,111
5.104
11,028
4.036
19,359
989
8,696
5,838
320
2,235
10,214
61,022
584
774
1,081
2,940
16,344
7,090
2,488
172
77,735
2.056
662
904,292
158,254
1 ,400
549
657
1.029
1.000
735
191
544
2,864
7,312
1,884
1,091
13,590
2,487
668
529
1,430
608
27,846
2,081
5.601
58,571
1.388
1.393
972
18.783
2,809
242
358,047
2,964
3,291
849
1,639
65,578
9,161
40,121
1,767
14,841
4.072
4.494
6,908
4.741
18,026
1,129
7,285
5,465
334
2.026
8,927
63,457
616
798
1,109
2,933
14,329
6,654
2,204
196
59,614
1.793
726
See footnotes at end of table
30
TABLE 3. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1984-94— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Africa
Algeria
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The ....
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent &
Grenadines ....
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other S. America ..
Bom on board ship .
Unknown/not reported
1984
15,540
197
591
2,642
2,461
1,050
753
585
506
2,337
368
90
1,246
199
418
369
1,728
3,818
1,308
901
595
1,014
166,706
10,791
57,557
74,265
953
499
1,577
10,599
442
23,147
980
9,839
19,822
1,648
484
695
2,900
680
24,088
1,492
1,473
8,787
3,937
3,405
2,718
2,276
5
37,460
2,141
918
1,847
1,912
11,020
4,164
8,412
167
4,368
712
1,721
78
31
1985
17,117
202
627
2,802
3,362
1,041
735
618
570
2,846
371
139
1,210
271
395
301
1,627
4,054
1,362
980
679
1,033
182,045
11,385
61,077
83,281
957
533
1,625
20,334
540
23,787
934
10,165
18,923
769
499
693
2,831
691
26,302
1,353
1,281
10,156
4,389
3,726
2,786
2,611
39,058
1,844
1,006
2,272
1,992
11,982
4,482
8,531
170
4,181
790
1,714
94
1986
17,463
183
760
2,989
2,737
1,164
719
618
646
2,976
323
139
1,566
230
370
401
1,642
3,894
1,354
972
610
958
207,714
11,039
66,533
101,632
812
570
1,595
33,114
564
26,175
1,045
12,666
19,595
573
502
635
2,891
895
28,380
1,385
1,356
10.929
5,158
4,532
2,826
2,194
130
41,874
2,187
1,079
2,332
2,243
11,408
4,516
10,367
190
4,895
699
1,854
104
1987
17,724
172
657
3,377
2,156
1,120
698
622
635
3,278
453
197
1,741
198
385
357
1,678
3,993
1,253
1,205
591
944
216,550
11,876
72,351
102,899
874
556
1,665
28,916
740
24,858
1,098
14,819
23,148
589
496
746
3,543
851
29,296
1,354
1,391
10,693
5,729
4,751
3,294
2,084
128
44,385
2,106
1,170
2.505
2,140
11,700
4,641
11,384
291
5,901
709
1,694
144
1988
18,882
199
921
3,016
2,571
1,239
773
769
715
3,343
571
183
1,832
217
388
343
1,802
3,839
1,356
1,028
668
787
250,009
11,783
95,039
112,357
837
1,283
1,455
17,558
611
27,189
842
34,806
20,966
660
606
634
3,947
963
30,715
1,497
1,351
12,045
5,723
4,302
3,311
2,486
115
41,007
2,371
1,038
2,699
2,137
10,322
4,716
8,747
483
5,936
612
1,791
155
3
23
1989
25,166
230
1,118
3,717
3.389
2.045
910
1,175
984
5,213
939
228
1,899
272
507
393
2,147
4360
1,546
968
789
1,057
607398
12,151
405,172
88,932
979
861
1,616
10,046
748
26,723
1,046
13,658
24,523
795
709
892
5,394
942
101,034
2,217
1,985
57,878
19,049
7,593
8,830
3,482
109
58,926
3,301
1,805
3,332
3,037
15,214
7,532
10,789
529
10,175
948
2,099
165
34
1990
35,893
302
907
4,117
4,336
4,466
1,297
2,004
1,200
8,843
1,290
277
1,990
306
635
674
3,249
6,182
1 ,754
1,353
829
2,246
957,558
16,812
679,068
115351
1,319
1,378
1,745
10,645
963
42,195
1,294
20,324
25,013
896
833
973
6,740
1,033
146,202
3,867
2,840
80,173
32,303
12,024
11,562
3,433
125
85,819
5,437
2,843
4,191
4,049
24,189
12,476
11,362
704
15,726
1,457
3,142
243
49
1991
36,179
269
973
5,602
5,127
3,330
1,185
1,292
1,601
7,912
951
458
1 ,854
679
500
538
3,908
6,236
1,678
1,349
793
2,416
1,210,981
13,504
946,167
140,139
944
1,062
1,460
10,349
982
41,405
979
47,527
23,828
830
766
808
8,407
792
111,093
2,377
2,341
47,351
25,527
11,451
17,842
4,204
78
79,934
3,889
3,006
8,133
2,842
19,702
9,958
11,666
538
16,237
1,161
2,622
180
70
1992
27,086
407
757
3,576
4,602
1,867
953
999
1,316
4,551
693
500
2,516
675
352
437
2,885
5,169
2,238
807
967
1,157
384,047
15,205
213,802
97,413
619
641
1,091
11,791
809
41,969
848
11,002
18,915
626
654
687
7,008
753
57,558
1,020
1,480
26,191
10,521
6,552
8,949
2,845
69
55,308
3,877
1,510
4,755
1,937
13,201
7,286
9,064
514
9.868
716
2,340
240
1993
27,783
360
936
3,556
5,276
1,604
1 ,065
1,050
1,176
4,448
690
1,088
2,197
714
426
415
2,782
4,902
2,320
854
1,052
676
301,380
17,156
126,561
99,438
554
686
1,184
13,666
683
45,420
827
10,094
17,241
544
634
657
6.577
671
58,162
1,035
1,368
26,818
11.870
7,306
7,086
2,679
63
53,921
2,824
1,545
4,604
1,778
12,819
7,324
8,384
668
10,447
568
2,743
217
■ Represents zero.
31
TABLE 4. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE AND SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEARS 1987-94
Type and class of admission
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total, all immigrants
New arrivals
Adjustments
Total, IRCA legalization
Residents since 1982
Special Agricultural Workers
Total, non-legalization
Preference immigrants
Family-sponsored immigrants
Unmarried sons/daughters of U.S. citizens '
Spouses of alien residents '
Married sons/daughters of U.S. citizens '
Siblings of U.S. citizens '
Employment-based immigrants ^ '
Priority workers
Professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of
exceptional ability
Skilled workers, professionals, other workers
Special immigrants
Employment creation
Pre-1992
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Spouses
Children'
Orphans
Parents
Refugees and asylees
Refugees adjustments
Asylee adjustments
Other immigrants
Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)
Children bom abroad to alien residents
Cuban/Haitian entrants (P.L. 99-603)
Diversity transition
Legalization dependents
Nationals of adversely affected countries (P.L. 99-603)
Natives of underrepresented countries (PL. 100-658) ..
Parolees, Soviet Union or Indochina (P.L. 101-267)
Registered nurses and their families (P.L. 101-238)
Registry, entry prior to 1/1/72
Suspension of deportation
Other
601,516
386,995
214,521
X
X
X
601,516
269328
211,809
11.382
110,758
20,703
68,966
57,519
X
X
X
3,646
X
53,873
218,575
132,452
40,940
10,097
45,183
91,840
86,840
5,000
21,773
X
3.174
4,634
X
X
3,040
X
X
X
8,060
2,441
427
643,025
377,885
265,140
X
X
X
643,025
259,499
200,772
12,107
102,777
21,940
63,948
58,727
X
X
X
5,120
X
53,607
219340
130,977
40,863
9,120
47,500
81,719
76,274
5,445
82,467
319
2,997
29,002
X
X
6,029
X
X
X
39,999
3,772
349
1,090,924
402,431
688,493
478,814
478,814
X
612,110
274,833
217,092
13,259
112,771
26,975
64,087
57,741
X
X
X
4,986
X
52,755
217,514
125,744
41,276
7,948
50,494
84,288
79,143
5,145
35,475
8,589
2,740
2,816
X
X
7,068
X
X
X
10,570
3,384
308
1,536,483
435,729
1,100,754
880372
823,704
56,668
656,111
272,742
214,550
15,861
107,686
26,751
64,252
58,192
X
X
X
4,463
X
53,729
231,680
125,426
46,065
7,088
60,189
97364
92,427
4,937
54325
13,059
2,410
710
X
X
20,371
8,790
X
2,954
4.633
889
509
1,827,167
443,107
1,384,060
1,123,162
214,003
909,159
704,005
275,613
216,088
15,385
110,126
27,115
63,462
59,525
X
X
X
4,576
X
54,949
237,103
125,397
48,130
9,008
63,576
139,079
116,415
22,664
52,210
16,010
2,224
213
X
X
12,268
9,802
4,998
3,069
2,282
782
562
973,977
511,769
462,208
163,342
46,962
116,380
810,635
329,321
213,123
12,486
118,247
22,195
60,195
116,198
5,456
58,401
47.568
4,063
59
651
235,484
128,396
42,324
6,536
64,764
117,037
106,379
10,658
128,793
17,253
2,116
99
33,911
52,272
1,557
880
13,661
3,572
1,293
1,013
1,166
904,292
536,294
367,998
24,278
18,717
5,561
880,014
373,788
226,776
12,819
128,308
23,385
62.264
147,012
21,114
29,468
87,689
8,158
583
X
255,059
145,843
46,788
7,348
62,428
127343
115,539
11,804
123,824
11,116
2,030
62
33,468
55,344
10
2
15,772
2,178
938
1,468
1,436
804,416
490,429
313,987
6,022
4,436
1,586
798,394
335,252
211,961
13,181
115,000
22,191
61,589
123,291
21,053
14,432
76,956
10,406
444
X
249,764
145,247
48,147
8,200
56,370
121,434
115,451
5,983
91,944
2,822
1,883
47
41,056
34,074
X
X
8,253
304
667
2,220
618
' Includes children.
^ Includes spouses and children.
' Includes immigrants issued third preference, sixth preference, and special immigrant visas prior to fiscal year 1992.
' Includes orphans.
X Not appUcable.
32
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, all immigrants
Total, subject to the Numerical Cap
New arrivals
Adjustments
Total, not subject to the Numerical Cap
New arrivals
Adjustments
Adjustments, IRCA legalization
Total, subject to the Numerical Cap
Total, family-sponsored immigrants
Family-sponsored preferences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Children born abroad to alien residents
Legalization dependents
Employment-based preferences
Diversity transition
Total, family-sponsored preferences
Total, family 1st preference
1st preference, unmarried sons/daughters of U.S. citizens
Newamvals(Fll, All)
Adjustments (F16, A16)
1st preference, children of Fll. F16, All, A16
New arrivals (F12, A12)
Adjustments (F17, A17)
Total, family 2nd preference
Total, subject to country limitations
Total, exempt from country limitations
2nd preference, spouses of alien residents
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F21)
New arrivals, conditional (C21)
Adjustments (F26)
Adjustments, conditional (C26)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (FXl)
New arrivals, conditional (CXI)
Adjustments (FX6)
2nd preference, children of alien residents
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F22) ,
Adjustments (F27)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (I=X2)
New arrivals, conditional (CX2)
Adjustments (FX7)
See footnotes at end of table.
804,416
662,029
487,021
175,008
142,387
3,408
132,957
6,022
160,916
100,842
70,228
30,614
60,074
44
59,934
96
292,589
239,284
150,789
88,495
53,305
3,056
49,980
269
26,712
20,365
10,747
9,618
6,347
5
6,239
103
4,592
4,533
2,153
2,380
59
3
41
15
272,226
250,336
218,672
31,664
21,890
295
16,241
5,354
662,029
463,608
211,961
249,764
1,883
34,074
123,291
41,056
211,961
13,181
9,751
9,101
650
3,430
3,335
95
115,000
49,135
65,865
33,421
9,911
9.622
5
278
6
23,510
23,279
7
224
42,187
7,814
7,622
192
34,373
34,207
7
159
100,842
45,600
10,902
34,384
314
43
17.120
38,079
10,902
1,282
1,111
987
124
171
158
13
2,371
1,130
1,241
1.116
460
435
1
23
1
656
632
24
798
320
309
11
478
458
20
239,284
164,535
74,418
89,496
621
396
73,023
1,330
74,418
2,986
2,251
2,080
171
735
716
19
27,673
18,022
9,651
9,378
4.703
4,480
219
4
4,675
4,509
1
165
5,556
2,453
2,324
129
3,103
2,998
1
104
20,365
15,902
4,117
11,757
28
26
4.196
241
4,117
350
321
288
33
29
25
4
1,964
940
1,024
822
297
280
3
14
525
504
4
17
714
292
271
21
422
412
6
4
4,533
3,240
936
2.292
12
1,254
39
936
56
49
36
13
7
6
1
145
91
54
72
40
40
32
32
57
38
37
1
19
19
250,336
195,736
104.909
90.046
781
33.443
20.111
1,046
104,909
7,316
5,199
4.968
231
2.117
2.082
35
74,889
24,870
50,019
19,150
3,173
3.158
1
13
1
15.977
15.966
2
9
32.859
3,803
3,790
13
29.056
29.036
20
33
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
South
America
2nd preference, children of 2nd. pref. spouse or child
Subject to country limitations
New arrivals (F23)
Adjustments (F28)
Exempt from country limitations
New arrivals (FX3)
Adjustments (FX8)
2nd preference, unmarried sons and daughters of alien residents
New arrivals (F24)
Adjustments (F29)
2nd preference, children of F24, F29, C24, C29
New arrivals (F25)
Adjustments (F20)
Total, family 3rd preference
3rd preference, married sons/daughters of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (F31, A31)
Adjustments (F36, A36)
3rd preference, spouses of F31, F36, A31, A36, C31, C36
New arrivals (F32, A32)
New arrivals, conditional (C32)
Adjustments (F37, A37)
3rd preference, children of F31, F36, A31, A36, C31, C36
New arrivals (F33, A33)
Adjustments (F38, A38)
Total, family 4th preference
4th preference, brothers or sisters of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (F41)
Adjustments, (F46)
4th preference, spouses of F41 and F46
New arrivals (F42)
Adjustments, (F47)
4th preference, children of F41 and F46
New arrivals (F43)
Adjustments (F48)
Total, Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total, spouses of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (IRl)
New arrivals, conditional (CRl)
New arrivals, widow or widower (IWl)
Adjustments (1R6)
Adjustments, conditional (CR6)
Adjustments, entered as a fiance(e) (IFl)
Adjustments, entered as a fiance(e), conditional (CFl)
Adjustments, widow or widower (IW6)
13,065
5,083
5,077
6
7,982
7,973
9
18,860
18,669
191
7,467
7,459
22,191
6,064
5,942
122
5,383
5,287
1
95
10.744
10,589
155
61,589
20,962
20,642
320
13,909
13,806
103
26,718
26,503
215
249,764
145,247
24,750
50,161
84
11,837
51,180
121
7,054
60
184
77
77
107
103
4
222
215
7
51
51
4,443
1,161
1,142
19
1,158
1.143
15
2,124
2,101
23
2,806
757
750
7
603
594
9
1,446
1,426
20
34384
25,210
3,504
5,876
9
2,008
12,232
16
1,556
9
4,210
2,337
2,334
3
1,873
1,869
4
7,192
7,043
149
1,337
1,334
3
8,591
2,449
2,386
63
2,148
2,101
47
3,994
3,923
71
35,168
11,610
11,329
281
8,646
8,561
85
14,912
14,730
182
89,496
42351
6,560
13,667
28
3,823
14,596
83
3,571
23
189
112
112
77
77
219
205
14
20
20
336
101
97
4
86
80
6
149
140
9
1,467
598
590
8
372
370
2
497
496
1
11,757
8,124
603
1,761
1
977
4.435
4
341
2
3
3
11
11
2
2
110
24
24
29
27
57
54
3
625
163
162
1
135
135
327
326
1
2,292
1,893
224
419
1
207
935
2
104
1
6,899
1,913
1,910
3
4,986
4,985
1
10,390
10,375
15
5,591
5.586
5
6,608
1,767
1.744
23
1,486
1,471
1
14
3,355
3,325
30
16,096
5,879
5,864
15
2,985
2,984
1
7,232
7,226
6
90,046
54,844
12,522
24,022
41
3,877
13,212
11
1,138
21
1,580
644
644
936
936
826
820
6
466
466
2,103
562
549
13
476
465
11
1,065
1,046
19
5,427
1,955
1,947
8
1,168
1,162
6
2,304
2,299
5
21,787
12,825
1,337
4,416
4
945
5,770
5
344
4
See footnotes at end of table.
34
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, children of U.S. citizens
New arrivals (1R2, ARl)
New arrivals, conditional (CR2)
Adjustments (1R7, AR6)
Adjustments, conditional (CR7)
Adjustments, entered as child of a fiance(e) (rF2)
Adjustments, entered as child of a fiance(e). conditional (CF2)
Total, orphans
Orphans adopted abroad
New arrivals (IR3)
Adjustments (IRS)
Orphans to be adopted
New arrivals (IR4)
Adjustments (1R9)
Total, parents of adult U.S. citizens
New arrivals (IR5)
Adjustments (IRO)
Children born abroad to alien residents (NA3)
Total, legalization dependents
Spouses of aliens granted legalization
New arrivals (LBl)
Adjustments (LB6)
Children of aliens granted legalization
New arrivals (LB2)
Adjustments (LB7)
Total, employment-based preferences
Total, employment 1st preference
1st preference, aliens with extraordinary ability
New arrivals (Ell)
Adjustments (El 5)
1st preference, outstanding professors or researchers
New arrivals (E12)
Adjustments (E17)
1st preference, multinational executives or managers
New arrivals (E13)
Adjustments (El 8)
1st preference, spouses of Ell, EI6, E12, E17, E13, E18
New arrivals (E14)
Adjustments (El 9)
1st preference, children of Ell, E16, E12, E17, E13, E18
New arrivals (E15)
Adjustments (ElO)
48,147
24,092
7,905
4,426
2,880
42
602
8,200
4,078
4,061
17
4,122
4,112
10
56,370
40,889
15,481
1,883
34,074
10,185
10,178
7
23,889
23,880
9
123,291
21,053
1,313
501
812
1,809
116
1,693
4,975
1,173
3,802
5,946
1,447
4,499
7,010
1,800
5,210
5,748
1,236
762
639
590
6
145
2,370
1,735
1,728
7
635
634
1
3,426
1,614
1,812
314
43
19
19
24
24
17,120
7,295
614
240
374
653
50
603
1,762
403
1,359
2,020
507
1,513
2,246
499
1,747
14,580
7,737
1,283
1,118
478
30
247
3,687
803
799
4
2,884
2,880
4
32,565
24,544
8,021
621
396
161
155
6
235
229
6
73,023
7,153
369
97
272
856
32
824
1,605
257
1,348
2,188
412
1,776
2,135
481
1,654
1,637
1,034
151
283
75
11
83
51
51
32
32
1,996
1,053
943
28
26
11
11
15
15
4,196
796
62
25
37
106
11
95
165
43
122
213
45
168
250
50
200
196
56
31
57
38
203
94
109
12
1,254
521
44
18
26
22
3
19
144
24
120
130
24
106
181
35
146
21,264
12,647
4,601
1,868
1,148
4
149
847
416
411
5
431
426
5
13,938
10,744
3,194
781
33,443
9,934
9,933
1
23,509
23,508
1
20,111
3,945
136
75
61
90
17
73
1,017
378
639
1,025
361
664
1,677
601
1,076
See footnotes at end of table.
35
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, employment 2nd preference
2nd preference, professionals holding advanced degrees ....
New arrivals (E21)
Adjustments (E26)
Adjustments (ES6)
2nd preference, spouses of E21, £26
New arrivals (E22)
Adjustments (E27)
2nd preference, children of E21, E26
New arrivals (E23)
Adjustments (E28)
Total, employment 3rd preference
Total, skilled workers, professionals, and their families
3rd preference, skilled workers
New arrivals (E31)
Adjustments (E36)
3rd preference, professionals with a baccalaureate degree
New arrivals tE32)
Adjustments (E37)
3rd preference, spouses of E31, E36, E32, E37
New arrivals (E34)
Adjustments (E39)
3rd preference, children of E3I, E36, E32, E37
New arrivals (E35)
Adjustments (E30)
3rd preference, Chinese Student Adjustment Act
Principals, adjustments (EC6)
Spouses, adjustments (EC7)
Children, adjustments (ECS)
Total, unskilled workers and their families
3rd preference, needed unskilled workers
New arrivals (EW3)
Adjustments (EW8)
3rd preference, spouses of EW3, EW8
New arrivals (EW4)
Adjustments (EW9)
3rd preference, children of EW3, EW8
New arrivals (EW5)
Adjustments (EWO)
Total, employment 4th preference, special immigrants ....
Total, ministers, spouses, and children
Ministers
New arrivals (SDl)
Adjustments (SD6)
Spouses of ministers
New arrivals (SD2)
Adjustments (SD7)
Children of ministers
New arrivals (SD3)
Adjustments (SD8)
14,432
6,807
900
5,845
62
4,649
884
3,765
2,976
1,023
1,953
76,956
67,566
10,139
6,623
3,516
7,732
2,047
5,685
13,920
5,672
8,248
14,478
7,881
6,597
21,297
21,008
99
190
9,390
4,136
4,106
30
1,952
1,928
24
3,302
3,276
26
10,406
2,873
1,085
528
557
633
375
258
1,155
758
397
2,169
998
152
784
62
582
102
480
589
125
464
6340
5,924
1,970
1,299
671
914
189
725
1,456
807
649
1,569
994
575
15
7
6
2
416
229
229
93
90
3
94
94
1,274
286
133
61
72
58
32
26
95
64
31
9,869
4,843
529
4,314
3,459
603
2,856
1,567
575
992
51,384
49,685
4,380
2,754
1,626
5,536
1,524
4,012
9,674
3,052
6,622
8,856
4,090
4,766
21,239
20,995
89
155
1,699
711
689
22
422
408
14
566
541
25
4,274
1,263
473
188
285
290
139
151
500
265
235
680
315
62
253
189
55
134
176
71
105
2,037
1,896
532
303
229
337
87
250
449
230
219
576
332
244
2
2
141
66
62
4
29
27
2
46
46
679
271
113
37
76
53
28
25
105
61
44
123
56
7
49
30
6
24
37
7
30
493
488
199
59
140
71
II
60
95
33
62
122
44
78
1
2
2
113
22
9
6
3
5
5
1,097
376
96
280
249
77
172
472
198
274
11,850
6,499
2,153
1,430
723
557
151
406
1,491
965
526
2,283
1,580
703
15
2
3
10
5,351
2,331
2,328
3
1,017
1,014
3
2,003
2,002
1
3,188
781
265
187
78
171
135
36
345
285
60
See foomotes at end of table.
36
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, employees of U.S. government abroad, spouses & children
Employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SEl)
Adjustments (SE6)
Spousesof employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SE2)
Adjustments (SE7)
Children of employees of U.S. government abroad
New arrivals (SE3)
Adjustments (SE8)
Total, Panama Canal Act (P.L. 96-70)
Accompanying spouses or children of SFl and SF6
New arrivals (SF2)
Certain former emp. of U.S. government in Panama CZ
New arrivals (SGI)
Accompanying spouses or children of SGI and SG6
New arrivals (SG2)
Accompanying spouse or child of SHI and SH6
New arrivals (SH2)
Total, foreign medical graduates (P.L. 97-116)
Foreign medical school grads., adjustments (SJ6)
Accompanying spouses or children of SJ6
Adjustments (SJ7)
Total, retired employees of international organizations
and their families
Retired employees of international organizations
Adjustments (SK6)
Accompanying spouses of SKI or SK6
Adjustments (SK7)
Unmarried children of SKI orSK6
New arrivals (SK3)
Adjustments (SK8)
Total, juvenile court dependents
Adjustments (SL6)
Total, aliens serving in U.S. Armed Forces, spouses, & children
Served in U.S. Armed Forces for 12 years (elig. after 10/1/91)
New arrivals (SMI)
Adjustments (SM6)
Spouses of SMI or SM6
New arrivals (SM2)
Adjustments (SM7)
Children of SMI or SM6
New arrivals (SM3)
Adjustments (SMS)
Served in U.S. Armed Forces for 12 years (elig. before 10/1/91) ...
New arrivals (SM4)
Adjustments (SM9)
Spouses or children of SM4 or SM9
New arrivals (SM5)
Adjustments (SMO)
762
231
230
1
176
174
2
355
352
3
37
2
2
10
10
24
24
1
1
2
1
1
1
227
5
5
1
I
221
11
210
501
501
931
233
61
172
283
52
231
179
62
117
86
8
78
150
18
132
24
574
10
162
10
161
8
130
8
130
6
282
6
282
42
1
1
41
2
39
19
19
11
72
2
2
1
1
69
3
66
44
44
918
233
61
172
279
52
227
170
60
110
86
8
78
150
18
132
56
17
17
9
7
2
30
27
3
46
46
3
43
22
22
84
34
34
20
20
30
30
36
2
2
9
9
24
24
1
1
3
21
2
2
3
19
1
1
2
18
1
407
1
407
See footnotes at end of table.
37
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, religious workers and their families
Religious workers
New arrivals (SRI)
Adjustments (SR6)
Spouses of SRI or SR6
New arrivals (SR2)
Adjustments (SR7)
Children of SRI or SR6
New arrivals (SR3)
Adjustments (SR8)
Total, employment Sth preference
5th preference, employment creation, not in targeted area
New arrivals, conditional (C51)
Adjustments, conditional (C56)
Sth preference, spouses of C51, C56
New arrivals, conditional (C52)
Adjustments, conditional (C57)
5th preference, children of C51, C56
New arrivals, conditional (C53)
Adjustments, conditional (C58)
5th preference, employment creation, targeted area
New arrivals, conditional (T51)
Adjustments, conditional (T56)
5th preference, spouses of T51, T56
New arrivals, conditional (T52)
Adjustments, conditional (T57)
5th preference, children of T51, T56
New arrivals, conditional (T53)
Adjustments, conditional (T58)
Total, diversity transition
Natives of certain foreign states
New arrivals (AAl)
Adjustments (AA6)
Spouses of AAl, AA6
New arrivals (AA2)
Adjustments (AA7)
Children of AAl, AA6
New arrivals (AA3)
Adjustments (AA8)
5,073
2,495
1,671
824
1,021
774
247
1,557
1,183
374
444
106
53
53
70
42
28
120
69
51
51
33
18
36
27
9
61
43
18
41,056
26,156
25,460
696
6,564
6,356
208
8,336
8,139
197
892
466
315
151
179
138
41
247
166
81
42
13
2
11
7
1
6
7
2
5
6
5
1
6
5
1
3
3
38,079
24,675
24,162
513
5,861
5,737
124
7,543
7,425
118
1,401
677
341
336
294
170
124
430
261
169
343
82
49
33
55
40
15
93
59
34
38
26
12
26
21
5
49
37
12
1330
765
656
109
310
273
37
255
223
32
284
159
81
78
54
37
17
71
57
14
241
127
118
9
60
51
9
54
50
4
84
45
28
17
15
12
3
24
21
3
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
1,858
903
737
166
352
318
34
603
551
52
31
5
5
4
4
11
6
5
3
-
2
-
6
-
2
-
4
39
1,046
9
428
7
385
2
43
10
230
6
210
4
20
20
388
20
352
-
36
Total, not subject to the Numerical Cap
Total, Amerasians (P.L. 100-202)
Amerasians, bom in Vietnam from 1/1/62-1/1/76 ....
New arrivals (AMI) ,
Spouses or children of AMI orAM6
New arrivals (AM2)
Adjustments (AM7)
Mothers, guardians, or next-of-kin of AMI or AM6
New arrivals (AM3)
Adjustments (AM8)
142,387
2,822
741
741
769
766
3
1,312
1,311
1
60,074
53305
2,822
741
741
769
766
3
1,312
1,311
1
6,347
59
21,890
See footnotes at end of table.
38
TABLE 5. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY REGION OF BIRTH AND TYPE AND CLASS OF ADMISSION
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Type and class of admission
Total
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North
America
Total, employees of U.S. businesses in Hong Kong and their families
Employees of U.S. businesses in Hong Kong
New arrivals (HKl)
Spouses of HKl, HK6
New arrivals (HK2)
Children of HK1,HK6 .'
New arrivals (HK3)
Total, IRCA legalization adjustments
Entered without inspection before 1/1/82 (W16)
Entered as nonimmigrant and overstayed before 1/1/82 (W26)
Blanket EVD group (W36)
Special agricultural workers (SAW), working in 1984-86 (S16) ....
Special agricultural workers (SAW), working in 1986 (S26)
Total, refugee and asylee adjustments
Total, Cuban refugees (P.L. 89-732)
Cuban refugees (CU6)
Non-Cuban spouses or children of Cuban refugees (CU7)
Total, Indochinese refugees (P.L. 95-145)
Indochinese refugees (1C6)
Spouse or child of Indochinese refugees (1C7)
Refugee parolees (P.L. 95-412) (R86)
Total, refugees (P.L. 96-212)
Refugees (RE6)
Spouses of refugees (RE7)
Children of refugees (RES)
Other persons deriving refugee status (RE9)
Total, asylees (P.L. 96-212)
Asylees (AS6)
Spouses of asylees (AS7)
Children of asylees (ASS)
Total, other adjustments
Cuban/Haitian entrants (PL. 99-603) (CH6)
Individuals bom under diplomatic status in U.S. (DSI)
Total, former H-1 nurses (P.L. 101-238)
Nurses (RN6)
Accompanying spouse or child of RN6 (RN7)
Parolees, Soviet Union or Indochina (LA6)
Section 13 (PL. 85-316) (Z83)
Section 249, entered before 7/1/24 (Z33)
Section 249, entered 7/1/24-6/28/40 (Z03)
Section 249. entered 6/29/40-1/1/72 (Z66)
Suspension of deportation — other than crewman. Section 244 (Z13)
Total, other new arrivals
American Indians bom in Canada (S13)
Total, children born subsequent to issuance of visa
Parent's visa type is unknown (XA3)
Parent's visa type is family-sponsored preference (XF3)
Parent's visa type is employment-based preference (XE3)
Parent's visa type is immediate relative (XR3)
Parent's visa type is not family-sponsored, employment-based or
immediate relative (XN3)
NOTE: Symbol enclosed in parentheses is the visa or adjustment symbol.
- Represents zero.
139
55
55
35
35
49
49
6,022
3,744
671
21
101
1,485
121,434
8,316
7,900
416
11
10
1
20
107,104
59,440
18,010
29,611
43
5,983
3,959
661
1,363
11,519
47
18
304
147
157
8,253
6
3
1
667
2,220
451
225
226
1
51
10
55
109
96
12
57
15
1
II
54,978
65
25
40
2
53,854
28,739
11,365
13,723
27
1,057
627
163
267
4,956
2
2
4,806
42
106
44
44
6
2
4
32
137
55
55
35
35
47
47
269
34
95
1
6
133
45,768
4
2
2
11
10
1
18
43,623
23,564
6,034
14,010
15
2,112
1,501
223
388
4,208
1
302
145
157
3,429
1
1
54
420
101
1
100
1
20
6
12
61
103
17
52
5
3
26
6,078
1
1
5,204
3,160
460
1,583
1
873
648
66
159
161
17
1
21
118
15
2
13
23
22
8
7
7
18
4
14
2
2
1
1
I
5,354
3,597
395
91
1,271
14,204
8,045
7,865
180
4,377
3,955
145
277
1,782
1,100
182
500
2,037
47
13
3
3
521
1,450
294
224
70
25
1
33
39
TABLE 6. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED
FOREIGN STATE OF CHARGEABILITY UNDER THE PREFERENCE CATEGORIES
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and
Family-sponsored preferences
Employment-based preferences
foreign state
Total
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
of chargeability
Total
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref.
Total
pref.
pref.
pref.
pref.
ptef.
All countries
335^52
211,961
13,181
115,000
22,191
61,589
123,291
21,053
14,432
76,956
10,406
444
Europe
26,974
9,859
1,287
1,151
4,448
2,973
17,115
7,312
2,131
6,353
1,275
44
Albania
335
331
241
1
89
-
4
1
3
-
-
Austria
150
21
3
14
I
3
129
56
12
52
9
-
Belgium
223
19
1
3
12
3
204
106
32
59
5
2
Bulgaria
417
62
14
8
39
1
355
112
60
170
13
Czechoslovakia ..
224
63
11
6
39
7
161
84
22
51
4
Denmark
191
21
3
3
15
-
170
87
22
43
18
Finland
150
12
1
2
4
5
138
61
10
54
8
5
France
1,021
192
29
30
45
88
829
453
80
254
42
-
Germany
1,319
180
48
31
34
67
1,139
615
159
298
61
6
Greece
417
197
18
9
23
147
220
55
72
82
9
2
Hungary
305
46
16
6
17
7
259
92
51
95
21
-
Ireland
301
118
65
12
25
16
183
80
13
69
21
-
Italy
780
244
25
19
35
165
536
226
42
205
63
Netheriands
439
57
9
15
9
24
382
186
21
151
21
3
Poland
6,643
4,875
452
474
3,323
626
1,768
224
220
1.104
220
Portugal
1,579
1,020
9
192
59
760
559
34
7
497
17
4
Portugal
1,373
858
8
172
53
625
515
28
2
468
17
-
Macau
206
162
1
20
6
135
44
6
5
29
4
Romania
686
191
29
26
103
33
495
56
126
192
121
-
Soviet Union
2,706
182
57
41
67
17
2,524
1,264
516
563
176
5
Spain
438
86
8
23
8
47
352
126
27
129
70
-
Sweden
413
39
10
10
9
10
374
216
41
96
21
-
Switzeriand
311
38
6
3
14
15
273
112
32
87
34
8
United Kingdom .
6,400
1,211
179
165
295
572
5,189
2,745
408
1,784
243
9
Yugoslavia
1,255
597
40
44
161
352
658
233
118
240
67
-
Other Europe
271
57
13
14
22
8
214
88
40
75
11
-
Asia
116,092
64,380
2,982
17,971
8,560
34,867
51,712
7,094
9,854
30,181
4,244
339
Bangladesh
1,875
1,547
12
796
47
692
328
45
100
137
46
-
Burma
591
503
13
65
141
284
88
4
11
55
13
5
China, Mainland .
23,074
9,967
130
1,985
2,132
5,720
13,107
1,526
2,558
8,871
90
62
Hong Kong
4,774
3,303
45
352
343
2,563
1,471
288
224
851
57
51
India
21,879
13,448
84
4,559
1,166
7,639
8,431
1,279
3,232
3,492
422
6
Indonesia
396
202
10
36
23
133
194
52
24
106
11
I
Iran
2,936
1,355
58
389
205
703
1,581
124
251
1,191
15
-
Iraq
797
578
21
23
210
324
219
63
39
98
19
-
Israel
1,821
343
44
62
125
112
1,478
221
136
856
258
7
Japan
2,207
142
19
72
17
34
2,065
1,109
117
674
156
9
Jordan
1,175
917
53
141
252
471
258
50
47
145
16
-
Korea
8,379
3.772
99
759
442
2,472
4,607
638
377
2,528
1,029
35
Kuwait
350
169
6
43
44
76
181
25
28
124
4
-
Lebanon
1,672
982
45
313
211
413
690
59
126
462
39
4
Malaysia
757
194
3
48
12
131
563
57
116
348
42
-
Pakistan
4,903
3,953
41
608
290
3,014
950
199
207
442
98
4
Philippines
23,628
14,008
1,520
6,373
1,611
4,504
9,620
262
762
7,003
1,585
8
Singapore
238
59
1
12
2
44
179
37
37
84
21
-
665
1,053
260
653
11
37
23
206
34
129
192
281
405
400
71
15
83
81
216
286
35
18
-
Syria
-
Taiwan
6,685
3,058
116
500
318
2,124
3,627
811
1,107
1,451
116
142
Thailand
895
560
63
154
25
318
335
27
28
228
52
-
Turkey
491
139
14
18
15
92
352
59
71
212
8
2
United Arab Emirates
185
121
1
9
28
83
64
16
3
43
2
-
Vietnam
3,536
3,423
350
327
507
2,239
113
13
9
66
25
-
Yemen
236
216
101
21
85
9
20
5
6
2
7
-
Other Asia ... .
894
508
85
77
146
200
386
39
74
210
60
3
See footnotes at end of table.
40
TABLE 6. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED
FOREIGN STATE OF CHARGEABILITY UNDER THE PREFERENCE CATEGORIES
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and
foreign state
of chargeability
Total
Family-sponsored preferences
Total
1st
pref.
2nd
pref.
3rd
pref.
4th
pref.
Employment-based preferences
Total
1st
pief.
2nd
pref.
3rd
pref.
4th
pref.
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America ....
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The ...
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America ....
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other S. America
No country limitation
- Represents zero.
7,425
397
1,510
266
424
563
266
1,017
217
1,279
287
227
972
2,149
871
649
431
198
75,427
8,481
15,064
36,972
187
403
1,609
295
20,523
272
3,031
6,863
231
3,038
520
14,910
290
323
8,871
2,246
1,735
976
469
20,310
1,072
643
1,747
679
3,874
2,545
5,007
3,478
245
816
204
86,875
3,282
387
901
118
275
399
148
70
133
175
213
174
289
895
70
615
40
170
54,884
1,411
11,401
33,369
103
271
1,548
247
20,017
204
2,652
5,891
176
1,822
438
8,703
231
170
5,061
1,037
1,341
574
289
12,796
248
256
276
316
2,729
1,815
4,460
2,304
88
239
65
65,865
346
14
36
21
113
1
59
22
30
27
1
1
21
55
19
2
11
23
7,324
333
2,265
4,062
29
83
519
33
1,653
40
385
900
35
311
74
664
51
33
126
67
171
120
96
1,187
33
18
34
31
263
170
344
215
9
66
4
945
267
161
64
124
26
58
30
72
23
13
11
96
90
7
38
5
40
24,906
101
965
17,968
28
32
98
99
13,859
75
1,195
1,935
44
472
131
5,872
65
63
4,394
473
678
150
49
4,072
86
123
133
82
1,138
823
716
853
21
79
18
65,865
340
26
124
7
14
11
18
12
9
63
5
20
31
110
32
62
7
9
6,630
468
2,237
3,317
27
47
678
4
1,098
17
107
653
39
606
41
608
35
24
104
89
206
83
67
2,103
61
22
28
48
286
210
1,099
289
7
45
1,651
80
580
26
24
361
13
6
22
62
194
142
141
640
12
513
17
98
16,024
509
5,934
8,022
19
109
253
111
3,407
72
965
2,403
58
433
192
1,559
80
50
437
408
286
221
77
5,434
68
93
81
155
1,042
612
2,301
947
51
49
35
4,143
10
609
148
149
164
118
947
84
1,104
74
53
683
1,254
801
34
391
28
20,543
7,070
3,663
3,603
84
132
61
48
506
68
379
972
55
1,216
82
6,207
59
153
3,810
1,209
394
402
180
7,514
824
387
1,471
363
1,145
730
547
1,174
157
577
139
21,010
788
120
23
3
45
10
119
2
304
17
13
132
539
403
2
130
4
4,000
3,361
421
136
9
7
1
3
37
9
29
32
9
82
2
37
1
8
11
3
20
1320
222
11
538
86
101
36
16
114
43
141
12
679
102
15
32
38
5
175
16
137
10
9
140
121
89
1
31
1,156
891
95
112
4
7
2
1
15
13
43
25
1
58
1
14
7
11
15
10
491
104
12
98
26
43
15
12
84
15
68
14
1,997
10
305
51
76
50
57
512
53
532
28
20
303
476
246
22
205
3
12,132
2,473
2,383
2,014
47
94
5
34
148
43
188
615
44
734
62
5,262
48
56
3,547
994
259
285
73
4,809
400
342
650
214
829
633
446
864
87
253
91
21,008
675
80
59
38
29
46
141
13
131
19
11
108
114
63
9
21
21
3,222
328
750
1,341
24
24
53
10
306
25
169
285
10
425
10
803
8
46
255
196
124
99
75
874
93
22
178
37
172
46
73
109
12
115
17
41
TABLE 7. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of birth
Immigrants admitted
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Not subject
to numerical
cap
New arrivals
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Not subject
to numerical
cap
Adjustments
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Not subject
to numerical
cap
All countries
Europe
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown repubUc .
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
804,416
160,916
1,489
516
981
874
606
2,715
6,992
1,440
880
17,256
2,305
762
663
1,239
28,048
2,169
3,444
63,420
3,984
2,844
5,420
2,260
15,249
21,010
3,435
2,264
6,954
1,418
1,140
877
16,326
3,405
1,951
292,589
2,344
3,434
938
1,404
53,985
7,731
34,921
1,367
11,422
6,025
3,425
6,093
3,990
16,011
1,065
5.089
4,319
1,480
8,698
53,535
668
542
989
2,426
10,032
5,489
662,029
100,842
755
512
820
831
606
2,684
6,878
1,245
837
17,245
2,276
185
442
1,232
27,648
2,157
2,225
8,057
392
73
209
72
4,514
1,317
181
347
952
1,350
1,138
872
16,260
2,851
1,736
239,284
667
3,388
822
758
53,153
7,514
34,714
1,318
8,426
1,596
3,369
6,081
3,922
15,974
968
589
4,096
1,420
8,446
52,931
589
541
952
2,226
9,984
2,394
142,387
60,074
734
4
161
43
31
114
195
43
11
29
577
221
7
400
12
1,219
55,363
3,592
2,771
5,211
2,188
10,735
19,693
3,254
1,917
6,002
68
2
5
66
554
215
53305
1,677
46
116
646
832
217
207
49
2,996
4,429
56
12
68
37
97
4,500
223
60
252
604
79
1
37
200
48
3,095
490,429
70,272
726
211
466
396
290
1,139
3,738
686
382
16,400
1,028
90
281
523
25,318
1,763
1,198
3,770
184
30
97
34
2,099
583
116
131
496
613
425
387
7,853
1,787
802
153,845
558
2,947
653
601
18,532
5,818
24,857
858
5,997
1,285
1,621
2,743
2,750
10,661
491
253
2,780
630
7,007
40,247
345
230
592
1,571
5,454
1,559
487,021
70,228
726
211
466
396
290
1,139
3,734
686
382
16,394
1,028
90
281
523
25,297
1,762
1,198
3,769
184
30
97
34
2,098
583
116
131
496
612
425
387
7,844
1,786
802
150,789
558
2,944
653
589
18,520
5,691
24,850
857
5,995
1,285
1,619
2,742
2,746
10,656
491
253
2,780
628
7,002
40,183
344
230
592
1,571
5,453
1,558
3,408
44
21
3,056
12
12
127
7
1
2
2
1
4
5
2
5
64
1
313,987
90,644
763
305
515
478
316
1,576
3,254
754
498
856
1,277
672
382
716
2,730
406
2,246
59,650
3,800
2,814
5,323
2,226
13,150
20,427
3,319
2,133
6,458
805
715
490
8,473
1,618
1,149
138,744
1,786
487
285
803
35,453
1.913
10,064
509
5,425
4,740
1,804
3,350
1,240
5,350
574
4,836
1,539
850
1,691
13,288
323
312
397
855
4,578
3,930
175,008
30,614
29
301
354
435
316
1,545
3,144
559
455
851
1,248
95
161
709
2,351
395
1,027
4,288
208
43
112
38
2,416
734
65
216
456
738
713
485
8,416
1,065
934
88,495
109
444
169
169
34.633
1.823
9.864
461
2.431
311
1.750
3.339
1.176
5.318
477
336
1.316
792
1.444
12.748
245
311
360
655
4.531
836
See footnotes at end of table.
42
TABLE 7. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Immigrants admitted
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Not subject
to numerical
cap
New arrivals
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Not subject
to numerical
cap
Adjustments
Total
Subject to
numerical
cap
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Republic ..
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Vincent & Gren. ...
Trinidad & Tobago ....
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
EI Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America ...
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America ...
Unknown or not reported
- Represents zero.
1,840
41,345
741
1,241
26,712
810
3,392
4,355
1,458
1,017
1,762
1,074
3,950
698
1,737
2,144
651
3,664
4,592
2,049
1,007
918
618
272,226
16,068
111,398
104,804
589
897
14,727
51,189
595
13,333
14,349
524
6,292
2,309
39,908
772
1,205
17,644
7,389
5,265
5,255
2,378
48
47,377
2,318
1,404
4,491
1,640
10,847
5,906
7,662
789
9,177
516
2,427
200
1,600
8,904
737
1,205
20,365
809
3,311
1,597
1,400
908
890
1,062
3,851
688
158
2,133
246
3,312
4,533
2,038
977
917
601
250,336
15,761
106,109
91,535
578
887
2,644
51,017
591
12,485
14,269
520
6,262
2,282
36,896
739
1,164
16,994
7,047
5,093
3,524
2.335
35
46,667
2,284
1,376
4,453
1,621
10,692
5,830
7,645
785
8,949
508
2,330
194
240
32,441
4
36
6,347
1
81
2,758
58
109
872
12
99
10
1,579
11
405
352
59
11
30
1
17
21,890
307
5,289
13,269
11
10
12,083
172
4
848
80
4
30
27
3,012
33
41
650
342
172
1,731
43
13
710
34
28
38
19
155
76
17
4
228
8
97
6
969
10,400
641
795
10,752
599
2,147
855
916
513
508
414
1,635
396
118
950
67
1,634
2,156
690
844
324
298
218,967
7,414
97,958
79,991
243
528
2,504
48,031
401
11,237
10,931
333
4,292
1,491
33,580
588
726
16,603
6,469
4,445
3,078
1,671
24
34,437
1,257
1,038
1,939
911
7,986
5,023
6,982
692
7,055
308
1,132
114
969
7,595
641
794
10,747
599
2,145
855
916
513
508
413
1,634
395
118
950
67
1,634
2,153
687
844
324
298
218,672
7,183
97,909
79,980
243
528
2,504
48,024
401
11,236
10,928
333
4,292
1,491
33,576
588
726
16,601
6,468
4,445
3,078
1,670
24
34,432
1,256
1,037
1,937
911
7,985
5,023
6,982
692
7,055
308
1,132
114
2,805
1
5
2
295
231
49
11
871
30,945
100
446
15,960
211
1,245
3,500
542
504
1,254
660
2,315
302
1,619
1,194
584
2,030
2,436
1,359
163
594
320
53,259
8,654
13,440
24,813
346
369
12,223
3,158
194
2,096
3,418
191
2,000
818
6,328
184
479
1,041
920
820
2,177
707
24
12,940
1,061
366
2,552
729
2,861
883
680
97
2,122
208
1,295
86
631
1,309
96
411
9,618
210
1,166
742
484
395
382
649
2,217
293
40
1,183
179
1,678
2,380
1,351
133
593
303
31,664
8,578
8,200
11,555
335
359
140
2,993
190
1,249
3,341
187
1,970
791
3,320
151
438
393
579
648
446
665
II
12,235
1,028
339
2,516
710
2,707
807
663
93
1,894
200
1,198
80
43
TABLE 8. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Family-
Employ-
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Refugee
Legali-
,
Diversity
transi-
IRCA
Region and
Total
sored
based
asylee
legaliza-
zation
Other '
country of birth
prefer-
ences
prefer-
ences
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
adjust-
ments
tion
tion
depen-
dents
All countries
804,416
211,961
123,291
249,764
145,247
48,147
56370
121,434
41,056
6,022
34,074
16,814
160,916
1,489
10,902
328
17,120
4
34384
369
25,210
234
5,748
HI
3,426
24
54,978
733
38,079
54
96
43
5314
Albania
1
Belgium
516
20
211
244
216
21
7
2
33
2
-
4
Bulgaria
981
62
364
391
215
135
41
138
3
1
-
22
Czechoslovakia . .
874
69
170
493
403
56
34
41
99
I
-
1
Denmark
606
20
174
375
347
12
16
-
33
-
4
France
2,715
245
806
1,513
1,369
92
52
10
104
2
35
Germany
6,992
240
1,144
5,273
4,467
618
188
84
183
4
-
64
Greece
1,440
245
217
766
564
49
153
65
8
6
4
129
Hungary
880
56
264
452
318
68
66
37
65
-
-
6
Ireland
17,256
123
178
559
467
70
22
-
16,344
5
-
47
Italy
2,305
284
539
1,352
1,123
69
160
11
91
3
-
25
Latvia
762
2
42
120
65
50
5
568
21
-
-
9
Lithuania
663
16
41
278
133
127
18
214
107
-
7
Netherlands
1,239
64
381
734
683
28
23
3
45
2
2
8
Poland
28,048
2,169
5,277
1,057
1,762
500
3,055
577
1,758
432
615
49
682
96
334
2
17,495
1
28
8
22
3
75
Portugal
21
Romania
3,444
63,420
224
285
511
2,558
1,483
5,157
698
2,340
405
2,264
380
553
1,199
50,756
6
51
3
1
1
20
Soviet U., former .
4,609
Armenia
3,984
28
175
187
132
31
24
342
-
-
-
3,252
Azerbaijan
2,844
6
25
42
27
6
9
2,668
-
-
-
103
Belarus
5,420
2,260
15,249
21,010
3,435
16
10
95
67
10
65
19
1,474
384
52
126
43
2,931
859
117
65
13
1,201
427
50
23
7
1,635
243
52
38
23
95
189
15
.5,156
2,154
10,359
19,366
3,211
2
13
6
2
-
1
55
34
Russia
376
Ukraine
328
Uzbekistan
43
Other republics .
2,264
12
128
206
129
55
22
1,781
-
-
137
Unknown rep. ...
6,954
41
236
646
296
212
138
5,719
28
3
-
281
Spain
1,418
119
342
868
709
70
89
55
13
4
4
13
Sweden
1,140
44
379
657
619
24
14
-
51
-
9
Switzerland
877
39
277
503
445
39
19
2
48
2
-
6
United Kingdom ..
16,326
1,304
5,184
6,622
5,729
552
341
17
3,050
20
2
127
Yugoslavia
3,405
695
665
1,482
918
152
412
506
5
5
4
43
Other Europe
1,951
84
407
1,061
958
72
31
201
169
-
29
292,589
2,344
74,418
128
73,023
66
89,496
473
42351
269
14,580
22
32,565
182
45,768
1,665
1,330
269
1
396
7,889
Afghanistan
11
Bangladesh
3,434
2,167
334
860
379
73
408
19
21
18
15
Burma
938
497
104
219
119
17
83
114
2
2
-
-
Cambodia
1,404
149
26
583
299
57
227
557
-
-
-
89
China, Mainland ..
53,985
9,513
33,559
10,039
3,195
1,138
5,706
774
13
9
20
58
Hong Kong
7,731
4,663
1,697
1,122
775
158
189
82
11
2
1
153
India
34,921
16,192
8,372
9,731
3,601
671
5,459
133
16
48
281
148
Indonesia
1,367
213
220
437
331
42
64
41
436
-
20
Iran
11,422
6,025
3,425
1,814
603
346
1,728
211
1,503
4,848
777
1,481
1,473
396
1,078
120
19
139
3,255
362
264
2,186
4,400
29
5
3
13
38
2
6
3
800
Iraa
29
Israel
47
Japan
6,093
3,990
16,011
1,065
5,089
4,319
1,480
8,698
53,535
204
1,168
4,732
254
126
1,100
233
4,960
14,956
2,070
247
4,619
228
6
735
569
931
9,569
3,014
2,490
6,507
482
457
2,242
605
2,452
28,307
2,703
1,439
2,819
450
238
1.292
502
1.380
13.786
180
212
2,184
29
48
113
35
183
7,286
131
839
1,504
3
171
837
68
889
7,235
4
48
3
94
4,482
88
49
181
103
758
1
1
1
3
7
9
17
5
1
26
1
4
50
34
19
1
10
32
38
35
Korea
104
5
Laos
18
Lebanon
146
Malaysia
17
Pakistan
105
Philippines
517
Saudi Arabia
668
176
186
209
168
38
3
75
5
-
17
Singapore
542
64
194
279
232
24
23
1
2
1
1
989
2,426
276
642
405
390
264
1,178
166
670
12
43
86
465
33
34
3
2
1
1
6
Syria
180
Taiwan
10,032
3,732
3,868
2,338
1,289
321
728
-
8
10
6
70
Thailand
5,489
656
340
1,383
923
303
157
3,076
1
5
2
26
Turkey
1,840
191
354
1,051
711
62
278
156
2
2
1
83
See footnotes at end of table.
44
TABLE 8. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and
country of birth
Total
Family-
spon-
sored
prefer-
ences
Employ-
ment-
based
prefer-
ences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
Refugee
and
asylee
adjust-
ments
Diversity
transi-
tion
IRCA
legaliza-
tion
Legali-
zation
depen-
dents
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The ...
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Vincent &
Grenadines ....
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America .....
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other S. America
Unknown or not rep.
41,345
741
1,241
26,712
810
3,392
4,355
1,458
1,017
1,762
1,074
3,950
698
1,737
2,144
651
3,664
4,592
2,049
1,007
918
618
272,226
16,068
111,398
104,804
589
897
14,727
51,189
595
13,333
14,349
524
6,292
2,309
39,908
772
1,205
17,644
7,389
5,265
5,255
2,378
48
47,377
2,318
1,404
4,491
1,640
10,847
5,906
7,662
789
9,177
516
2,427
200
3,947
219
497
4,117
377
1,042
209
434
351
171
42
458
135
12
199
21
666
936
76
623
46
191
104,909
1,579
39,136
45,528
167
339
1,674
24,343
238
8,367
7,047
208
2,189
956
18,650
352
252
10,437
3,656
2,182
1,339
432
16
16,679
327
424
413
389
3,583
2,798
5,104
63
3,033
106
380
59
122
18
352
4,196
10
567
152
153
174
118
153
959
80
14
1,124
50
642
1,254
793
32
391
38
20,111
6,937
3,256
3,704
85
136
63
498
65
395
982
58
1,227
195
6,208
63
158
3,783
1,221
405
396
182
6
7,587
830
386
1,490
365
1,150
738
548
88
1,165
160
620
47
4,832
499
337
11,757
421
1,682
1,233
809
379
601
858
2,426
458
131
759
174
1,826
2,292
1,131
319
470
372
90,046
6,153
30,146
41,998
320
404
906
25,996
288
3,713
6,189
253
2,826
1,103
11,736
316
741
2,550
2,148
2,488
1,780
1,713
13
21,787
823
560
2,526
850
5,891
2,228
1,974
630
4,670
236
1,312
87
1,229
192
247
8,124
195
1,085
693
520
307
228
727
1,893
258
64
497
153
1,504
1,893
1,035
177
426
255
54,844
4,985
19,828
23,282
234
279
389
14,894
185
1,230
3,433
173
1,814
651
6,740
176
520
1,385
1,079
1,451
1,032
1,097
9
12,825
588
306
1,906
547
3,531
1,315
747
103
2,657
187
885
53
722
291
38
1,637
143
107
201
204
24
264
32
246
143
15
77
2
179
196
86
22
33
55
21,264
1,005
5,377
11,707
66
73
246
7,678
45
897
1,691
51
702
258
3,175
75
173
577
749
761
401
439
4,722
93
132
491
177
1,322
422
344
508
868
9
335
21
2,881
16
52
1,996
83
490
339
85
48
109
99
287
57
52
185
19
143
203
10
120
11
62
13,938
163
4,941
7,009
20
52
271
3,424
58
1,586
1,065
29
310
194
1,821
65
48
588
320
276
347
177
4
4,240
142
122
129
126
1,038
491
883
19
1,145
40
92
13
27,318
4
19
6,078
37
2,730
37
98
851
3
21
4
1,572
6
402
317
23
1
22
14,204
10
15
12,672
11,998
664
1
1,507
1
20
275
131
81
966
33
383
9
10
9
8
70
25
3
1
153
2
91
2
241
5
1
1
42
1
173
39
34
1
4
1,046
1,010
6
28
5
3
11
2
321
287
2
8
2
4
2
3
7
2
4
103
7
9
13
1
11
3
32
3
3
1
20
15
2
1
12
5,354
20
4,403
377
4
6
1
142
3
133
54
16
16
554
20
10
291
154
60
15
4
183
14
7
17
6
47
43
8
1
31
6
3
26
4
3
15
33,443
5
33,136
73
1
46
1
17
229
203
3
9
6
166
9
2
10
34
29
II
3
62
3
2
1
Includes persons entering under the Amerasian. former HI registered nurse, CubanTHaitian entrant, Soviet and Indochinese parolee, and 1972 Registry provisions
■ Represents zero.
45
TABLE 9. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST PERMANENT RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Family-
Employ-
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Refugee
Region and
spon-
ment-
and
Diversity
IRCA
Legali-
country of last
Total
sored
based
asylee
transi-
legaliza-
zation
Other '
permanent
residence
prefer-
ences
prefer-
ences
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
adjust-
ments
tion
tion
depen-
dents
AH countries
804,416
211,961
123,291
249,764
145047
48,147
56,370
121,434
41,056
6,022
34,074
16,814
Europe
166,279
992
12,406
292
17,199
4
35,671
345
25,986
224
5,859
100
3,826
21
57,115
295
37,427
55
102
48
6,311
Albania
1
Austria
1,314
46
160
350
285
22
43
720
31
1
-
6
Belgium
621
46
207
302
255
23
24
13
44
-
9
Bulgaria
874
53
337
374
200
135
39
103
5
-
2
Czechoslovakia ...
759
65
127
449
366
53
30
24
92
1
-
1
Denmark
639
31
183
389
352
13
24
2
29
-
-
5
France
3,592
538
942
1,907
1,661
110
136
34
141
4
-
26
Germany
8,940
499
1,358
6,228
5,137
710
381
574
220
3
-
58
Greece
2,539
285
220
842
603
65
174
1,167
3
9
4
9
Hungary
809
58
225
434
313
70
51
25
63
-
-
4
Ireland
16,525
130
166
514
431
64
19
-
15,659
5
-
51
Italy
2,664
289
542
1,436
1,185
86
165
292
68
3
-
34
Latvia
513
1
40
107
56
45
6
332
22
-
-
11
Lithuania
536
11
24
248
123
116
9
150
94
-
-
9
Netherlands
1,359
101
409
756
687
34
35
34
46
2
3
8
Norway
515
39
86
353
325
16
12
2
28
1
6
Poland
27,597
5,242
1,663
2,940
1,654
618
668
230
17,396
30
22
74
Portugal
2,163
1,047
493
586
441
49
96
1
-
8
6
22
Romania
2,932
204
421
1,348
609
393
346
951
-
-
2
6
Soviet Union
64,502
222
2,291
4,916
2,229
2,245
442
51,281
22
-
1
5,769
Spain
1,756
156
360
965
796
87
82
240
17
3
4
11
Sweden
1,289
73
420
721
653
26
42
14
52
-
-
9
Switzerland
1,183
83
385
588
512
43
33
55
60
3
-
9
United Kingdom ..
17,666
2,160
5,352
6,807
5,722
556
529
19
3,174
25
3
126
3,183
682
602
1,351
807
143
401
504
1
4
3
36
Other Europe
817
53
182
415
360
37
18
53
105
-
-
9
Asia
282,449
765
72,286
20
70,670
21
87,007
113
40,893
70
14,465
7
31,649
36
43,571
598
1353
260
1
394
6,908
Afghanistan
12
Bangladesh
3,330
2,117
301
840
363
74
403
17
22
17
16
Burma
661
370
65
172
92
18
62
52
2
-
-
Cambodia
1,041
86
10
470
221
58
191
429
-
-
46
China, Mainland ..
47,699
7,308
31,913
7,711
2,923
1,132
3,656
705
10
5
18
29
Cyprus
484
115
78
289
202
20
67
2
-
-
-
11,953
6,367
2,583
2,392
1,098
180
1,114
398
26
4
3
180
33,173
1,625
6,998
2,158
3,982
15,650
155
1,063
512
396
7,715
175
1,242
118
1,818
9,100
411
3,361
615
1,666
3,441
321
1,046
296
1,234
680
38
73
15
133
4,979
52
2,242
304
299
234
453
1,117
889
31
5
411
2
15
41
37
1
11
281
2
147
Indonesia
20
174
23
Israel
45
6,974
243
2,411
3.455
3,021
268
166
25
797
5
_
38
Jordan
4,207
15,417
923
1,450
3,729
1,738
1.251
4,640
138
51
898
204
283
4,241
229
5
639
504
2,604
6,390
430
369
2,057
552
1,616
2,742
334
186
1,099
459
237
2,174
18
45
112
31
751
1,474
78
138
846
62
36
1
115
1,018
83
458
1
5
3
2
2
22
1
3
19
1
30
Korea
104
Kuwait
5
Laos
7
45
Malaysia
18
Pakistan
10,051
4,942
876
2,908
1,465
185
1,258
1,156
2
51
9
107
Philippines
52,832
14,844
9,171
27,220
12,919
7,129
7,172
1,024
7
33
32
501
Saudi Arabia
2,543
318
318
480
367
38
75
1,392
15
-
-
20
Singapore
758
74
286
339
277
37
25
53
2
-
1
3
Sri Lanka
845
2,042
231
557
349
328
222
1,107
136
606
10
45
76
456
33
24
2
1
1
6
Syria
26
Taiwan
11,168
4,131
3,780
3,165
1,301
308
1.556
1
5
11
6
69
Thailand
15,131
1,356
367
2,138
945
464
729
9,479
2
5
2
1,782
Turkey
3,880
496
362
1,741
799
88
854
1,268
-
2
2
9
- United Arab
Emirates
745
331
183
199
129
12
58
8
17
-
-
7
Vietnam
32,387
736
2,799
212
33
17
3,668
498
811
182
508
291
2,349
25
22,458
8
1
-
-
3,428
Yemen
1
Other Asia
1,024
411
249
325
192
37
96
8
21
10
See footnotes at end of table.
46
TABLE 9. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST PERMANENT RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and
country of last
permanent
residence
Total
Family-
spon-
sored
prefer-
ences
Employ-
ment-
based
prefer-
ences
Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens
Total
Spouses
Children
Parents
Refugee
and
asylee
adjust-
ments
Diversity
transi-
tion
IRCA
legaliza-
tion
Legali-
zation
depen-
dents
Africa
Cape Verde ...
Cote d'lvoire
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone .
Somalia
South Africa .
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The ...
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent &
Grenadines ....
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other S. America .
Unknown or not rep.
24,864
802
678
3,263
2,601
1,417
2,421
1,182
884
3,854
749
687
2,183
1,512
2.631
5,647
3,026
952
973
696
277,668
22,243
111,415
103,750
487
696
945
14,216
455
51,221
526
13,166
13,909
448
454
6,303
924
40,256
821
1,315
17,669
7,447
5,226
5,127
2,651
4
47,505
2,474
1,384
4,652
1,543
10,653
5,943
7,208
839
9,078
487
3,017
227
3,576
382
31
987
155
424
210
141
33
454
133
9
200
13
404
1,054
205
580
no
159
106,037
3,100
39,119
45,044
222
183
362
1,519
239
24,389
218
8,303
6,816
158
181
2,151
303
18,774
368
295
10,450
3,677
2.166
1,305
513
16,602
346
415
484
388
3,551
2,797
4,849
71
3,003
112
505
81
3,717
3
40
497
137
128
121
102
76
927
88
6
1,105
38
449
1,568
1,093
33
392
50
22,314
9,091
3,258
3,647
24
122
144
58
35
519
47
370
911
38
44
1,244
91
6,317
77
189
3,817
1,242
385
376
231
1
7,823
959
377
1,555
315
1.110
775
489
126
1.151
136
778
52
11,046
415
277
1,667
1,119
762
370
478
761
2,369
462
47
802
155
1,362
2,624
1,408
307
456
453
91,736
8,101
30,153
41,679
231
365
422
784
175
25,953
258
3,641
6,048
249
225
2,857
471
11,802
330
765
2,531
2,160
2,478
1,728
1,810
1
21,678
829
559
2,543
808
5,777
2,233
1,837
634
4,608
225
1,537
88
7,490
193
203
1,095
594
440
282
205
642
1,847
247
27
494
137
1,084
2,116
1,248
163
404
301
56,060
6,419
19,818
23,034
136
267
287
319
103
14,811
173
1,184
3,328
149
155
1,817
305
6,788
190
543
1,369
1,083
1,440
1,001
1,162
1
12,702
583
298
1,889
510
3,446
1,313
672
103
2,604
173
1,060
51
1,592
144
56
106
197
234
29
174
29
226
161
5
76
2
153
234
92
20
38
84
2U29
1,057
5,377
11,736
49
64
76
243
32
7,709
47
891
1,691
68
46
714
106
3,159
75
170
578
748
756
398
434
4,668
91
132
483
180
1,317
422
333
508
863
8
310
21
1,964
78
18
466
328
88
59
99
90
296
54
15
232
16
125
274
68
124
14
68
14347
625
4,958
6,909
46
34
59
222
40
3,433
38
1,566
1,029
32
24
326
60
1,855
65
52
584
329
282
329
214
4308
155
129
171
118
1,014
498
832
23
1,141
44
167
16
6,002
325
70
1,160
79
1,702
440
3
20
45
619
7
1,302
230
196
158
22
16
14,086
35
37
12,464
11,781
1
12
664
3
2
1,548
7
28
270
138
85
949
71
2
464
12
11
8
7
64
24
3
1
160
3
169
2
225
55
1
155
156
148
7
1
1,577
1,511
2
63
12
12
5
34
1
318
286
96
3
6
7
12
1
11
3
31
3
3
1
15
15
1
2
12
5,363
38
4.412
362
6
6
5
4
142
2
128
48
2
14
3
551
19
11
290
151
62
14
4
184
14
7
17
4
47
43
8
1
31
7
5
25
4
3
15
33,442
9
33,128
74
48
16
231
205
3
9
6
165
9
2
10
35
29
II
3
63
3
Includes persons entenng under the Amerasian, former H-1 registered nurse, Cuban/Haitian entrant, Soviet and Indochmese parolee, and 1972 Registry provisions.
- Represents zero.
47
TABLE 10. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED WHO \VERE ADJUSTED TO PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY SELECTED STATUS AT ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and counin
of birth
Total
\ isiiors
for busi-
ness
Visitors
for plea-
sure
Stu-
dents'
Tempo-
rary
Ex-
change
Fiances-
Intracom-
pany trans-
Refugees
and
Entered
without
workers '
visitors '
(ees)-
ferees '
parolees
inspection
30030
7339
7,957
8,584
123,839
7,639
5.219
1.646
1.755
2.932
58,199
119
3
1
S
-
703
1
77
23
7
29
6
1
99
32
17
16
128
1
6?
27
40
26
40
1
4S
16
11
43
3
_
252
62
72
224
34
4
344
94
190
247
153
9
90
21
25
11
196
1
89
42
16
14
37
2
192
83
36
117
8
.
114
33
40
78
37
9
16
12
4
-
557
-
13
5
12
-
211
-
166
33
40
72
13
3
407
98
112
22
355
11
9
14
21
9
3
3
140
24
46
16
1.149
4
839
593
443
111
53,714
18
18
17
6
2
3.579
1
8
1
-
-
2,697
-
29
9
12
1
5,062
-
\
2
-
4
2,124
-
557
399
307
76
10.426
8
126
78
41
17
19,119
3
10
2
4
1
3.043
-
38
26
23
2
1.829
1
52
59
50
8
5.835
5
89
26
27
42
24
4
96
18
32
150
14
-
76
20
23
51
10
-
1.682
210
433
1,574
132
17
189
112
47
12
451
30
126
4~
5^
68
221
-
19.714
5,091
4,012
2091
51.131
425
3
3
15
5
1.592
26
131
11
3
->
12
20
30
9
12
3
98
1
-
2
27
-
652
4
5.535
4057
393
628
2,370
140
416
22
41
148
90
2
5.265
325
197
205
126
76
66
12
24
29
42
-
221
13
139
47
2,628
31
56
7
59
9
4.274
2
358
83
22
60
36
2
443
41
246
251
46
9
70
6
21
11
59
1
548
32
204
205
39
11
87
1
15
10
93
-
-
-
19
-
4,459
2
148
54
89
29
179
4
217
•)
23
34
60
-
308
17
61
52
163
56
3.991
56
1.877
122
779
22
65
4
5
13
75
-
77
4
17
25
4
-
141
15
6
16
23
4
56
17
41
3
187
1
1,156
48
31
331
20
6
59
3
152
8
3,085
2
.\11 countries „.. 313,987
Europe
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Lat\ia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
So\iet Union, former
.■\rraenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
MoldoN'a
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugosla\ia
Other Europe
Asia _
.Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China. Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
PhiUppines
Saudi .Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
90,644
763
305
515
478
316
1.576
3,254
754
498
856
1.277
672
382
716
2,730
406
2,246
59,650
3,800
2,814
5.323
2.226
13,150
20,427
3,319
2,133
6.458
805
715
490
8,473
1.618
1,149
138,744
1.786
487
285
803
35,453
1,913
10,064
509
5,425
4,740
1,804
3.350
1.240
5.350
574
4.836
1.539
850
1,691
13.288
323
312
397
855
4,578
3,930
4.042
601
/
14
51
15
25
127
13
23
9
S
10
123
12
16
1,860
1
10
4
1
670
44
153
8
27
8
29
27
33
159
10
1
33
13
33
402
4
3
8
12
107
27
74.511
11.940
r
64
166
228
96
429
1.055
263
236
2-0
501
56
111
179
1.513
294
703
1.922
152
29
68
29
841
421
37
104
241
323
1S6
155
2,301
511
361
24,070
67
166
84
S3
4.277
573
2,422
167
1,668
147
888
418
679
2,307
156
305
680
226
579
5.193
74
89
82
369
1.270
387
29.612
1.915
27
30
36
34
I4-'
113
37
73
76
3
11
62
83
29
40
163
2
3
3
2
100
30
3
7
13
104
100
35
280
110
124
23025
103
35
8
15.206
496
1.010
130
501
60
1S5
693
321
1.170
181
8
246
246
266
255
78
77
78
137
1.264
154
See footnotes at end of table.
48
TABLE 10. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED WHO WERE ADJUSTED TO PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY SELECTED STATUS AT ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
Visitors
for busi-
ness
Visitors
for plea-
sure
Stu-
dents '
Tempo-
rary
workers '
Ex-
change
Fiances-
(ees) '
Intracom-
pany trans-
ferees '
Refugees
and
parolees
Entered
without
inspection
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The ...
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other S. America
Unknown or not rep.
871
30,945
100
446
15,960
211
1.245
3,500
542
504
1,254
660
2,315
302
1,619
1,194
584
2,030
2,436
1,359
163
594
320
53,259
8,654
13,440
24,813
346
369
12,223
3,158
194
2.096
3,418
191
2,000
818
6328
184
479
1,041
920
820
2,177
707
24
12,940
1,061
366
2,552
729
2,861
883
680
97
2,122
208
1,295
86
17
11
2
3
407
1
44
11
31
9
17
15
169
8
2
16
9
75
59
34
4
13
8
777
73
183
422
6
5
61
159
7
22
103
37
20
99
8
9
13
24
17
17
11
338
26
13
63
18
67
32
16
2
63
8
30
292
294
50
78
4,812
194
723
542
250
102
281
335
1,032
211
19
348
88
687
1,015
493
108
188
226
24,577
2,602
6,511
12,313
216
273
3,344
2,417
167
1,101
2,407
158
1,620
610
3,147
127
366
260
479
553
891
471
4
8,095
468
232
1,414
420
2,059
657
444
52
1,409
116
776
48
127
29
25
130
1,757
3
86
204
92
176
59
163
370
35
22
80
67
400
154
69
17
30
38
1,498
509
180
595
54
22
9
70
7
41
164
155
65
212
9
27
18
31
39
18
70
2
1,063
92
62
219
52
188
56
36
14
140
5
189
10
109
19
6
133
1,431
1
162
32
45
57
13
33
387
18
4
437
24
218
554
349
2
198
5
2,045
1,024
195
746
38
38
7
104
5
12
396
93
44
78
3
9
10
14
7
3
32
2
1,267
252
12
226
110
161
33
92
6
168
33
168
6
31
5
11
275
33
5
18
16
10
44
52
1
35
4
57
49
37
1
9
2
161
96
28
18
3
2
1
1
2
1
19
3
3
4
4
117
22
1
48
5
12
1
3
6
II
5
3
23
238
2
10
364
9
25
20
37
6
2
24
129
11
5
24
1
71
112
71
7
29
5
1309
502
380
274
8
4
13
93
2
18
95
25
13
153
4
19
24
13
32
12
49
405
18
4
114
29
120
15
25
9
56
4
9
2
4
9
2
30
319
40
6
17
1
4
11
1
180
59
273
202
69
2
2,124
1,801
200
81
3
4
2
17
5
17
19
13
41
1
11
10
7
1
11
1
645
69
1
325
46
46
19
9
2
46
20
60
2
232
29,683
4
21
5,752
48
2,534
37
93
792
10
38
5
1,530
10
362
293
44
16
10
10
8
8,518
190
180
7,557
4
6,967
34
524
16
1
4
7
591
3
4
170
56
24
312
22
195
13
7
17
11
31
3
5
1
81
1
19
6
82
9
3
4
17
1
4
1
2
14
10
7
2
1
6,832
42
4,917
443
4
1
118
141
1
125
38
1
7
7
1,430
22
4
470
234
93
604
3
169
7
3
11
5
51
37
8
41
4
I
1
Includes spouses and children. " Includes children. - Represents zero.
49
TABLE 11. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED IN FISCAL YEAR 1994, BY CALENDAR YEAR AT ENTRY,
TYPE OF ADMISSION, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Region and country
of birth
Total
New
arrivals
1993-94
Adjustments
1993-94
1992
1991
1990
1989
1987
1986
1985
1984
Before
1984
All countries
Europe
Albania
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic ..
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
804,416
160,916
1,489
516
981
874
606
2,715
6,992
1,440
880
17,256
2,305
762
663
1,239
28,048
2,169
3,444
63,420
3,984
2,844
5,420
2,260
15,249
21,010
3,435
2,264
6,954
1,418
1,140
877
16,326
3,405
1,951
292,589
2,344
3,434
938
1,404
53,985
7,731
34,921
1,367
11,422
6,025
3,425
6,093
3,990
16,011
1,065
5,089
4,319
1,480
8,698
53,535
668
542
989
2,426
10,032
5,489
1,840
41,345
490,429
70,272
726
211
466
396
290
1,139
3,738
686
382
16,400
1,028
90
281
523
25,318
1,763
1,198
3,770
184
30
97
34
2,099
583
116
131
496
613
425
387
7,853
1,787
802
153,845
558
2,947
653
601
18,532
5,818
24,857
858
5,997
1,285
1,621
2,743
2,750
10,661
491
253
2,780
630
7,007
40,247
345
230
592
1,571
5,454
1,559
969
10,400
101,659
28,262
109
215
152
242
202
1,059
2,079
298
199
564
847
158
109
475
749
169
465
12,166
289
710
813
488
3,616
3,792
576
461
1,421
542
441
337
5,301
740
644
44,586
435
155
91
150
5,430
582
4,736
214
1,543
2,072
819
2,105
378
1,992
131
895
541
282
621
4,410
135
150
122
262
1,560
917
317
13,354
98,002
44,250
513
44
136
94
60
239
594
221
112
127
174
386
170
107
442
60
658
37,765
2,169
1,773
3,739
1,393
7,424
13,753
2,209
1,287
4,018
121
138
80
1,479
245
285
36,453
946
81
60
207
4,222
317
2,215
84
1,527
2,415
336
657
175
1,181
104
1,803
227
147
309
2,800
91
50
72
190
833
1,487
276
13,510
36,252
10,915
120
20
95
52
20
104
198
95
53
44
62
83
64
46
291
30
570
7,897
1,030
290
700
310
1,615
2,366
487
289
810
46
58
32
597
240
98
16,108
152
59
27
53
5,183
225
1,240
48
636
73
191
233
119
750
60
858
142
72
221
1,740
29
21
63
108
630
670
90
2,338
21,974
2,794
13
10
96
36
10
49
95
33
41
28
35
28
16
24
298
29
292
1,127
202
25
45
22
316
295
33
68
121
28
22
16
296
119
53
13,040
103
35
35
54
6,505
206
704
34
320
63
140
115
228
449
123
470
105
86
185
1,076
20
27
40
53
510
291
51
967
14,716
1,377
8
16
8
34
72
25
30
26
29
7
13
16
271
46
79
409
62
3
22
3
94
145
7
15
58
6
15
10
174
69
14
8,950
41
39
40
97
4,895
163
440
36
201
22
107
73
157
251
31
399
106
64
88
694
22
18
32
54
314
209
43
275
9,645
701
1
3
6
7
3
18
33
15
15
22
27
3
2
12
204
23
39
84
27
2
2
2
15
25
2
9
10
10
2
104
45
13
5,559
19
20
11
43
3,021
89
241
20
139
12
49
30
60
145
38
169
128
58
54
611
6
19
20
94
189
140
31
85
6,080
409
1
5
5
2
16
20
10
8
12
17
2
1
6
143
13
18
16
2
3
1
2
4
2
2
7
5
66
32
4
3,596
6
17
7
11
1,952
69
124
20
145
8
36
19
36
108
20
93
65
56
39
465
6
9
14
16
120
56
16
52
4,665
322
1
1
2
1
3
8
19
10
8
10
17
5
109
9
29
8
3
1
1
1
5
3
1
60
11
2
2,522
6
14
17
1,263
63
77
12
200
16
27
13
25
106
19
28
40
16
23
321
2
20
99
35
9
56
4,146
229
1
1
3
1
7
11
7
2
2
13
1
68
6
5
11
2
53
18
5
1,843
13
27
4
65
620
35
83
7
176
8
29
12
12
96
11
21
43
22
62
310
5
4
8
15
66
40
6
39
2,544
151
1
3
1
4
11
8
5
2
3
1
5
41
3
3
4
1
26
16
4
1,219
8
7
1
21
279
57
36
8
147
8
10
5
7
61
5
18
41
22
21
272
1
5
6
12
78
28
5
46
9,082
468
3
3
3
14
27
22
16
9
17
1
9
67
15
9
60
4
10
21
2
3
7
9
7
4
129
25
11
2,306
19
15
8
75
478
75
70
18
324
34
27
26
17
144
16
67
42
18
28
376
3
5
9
14
159
47
11
171
See footnotes at end of table.
50
TABLE 11. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED IN FISCAL YEAR 1994, BY CALENDAR YEAR AT ENTRY,
TYPE OF ADMISSION, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
New
arrivals
1993-94
Adjustments
1993-94
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
Before
1984
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand ...
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago .,
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America .
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South Amenca ..
Unknown or not reported
741
1,241
26,712
810
3,392
4,355
1,458
1,017
1,762
1,074
3,950
698
1,737
2,144
651
3,664
4,592
2,049
1,007
918
618
272,226
16,068
111,398
104,804
589
897
14.727
51,189
595
13,333
14,349
524
6,292
2,309
39,908
772
1,205
17,644
7,389
5,265
5,255
2,378
48
47,377
2,318
1,404
4,491
1,640
10,847
5,906
7,662
789
9,177
516
2,427
200
641
795
10,752
599
2,147
855
916
513
508
414
1,635
396
118
950
67
1,634
2,156
690
844
324
298
218,967
7,414
97,958
79,991
243
528
2,504
48,031
401
11,237
10,931
333
4,292
1,491
33,580
588
726
16,603
6,469
4,445
3,078
1,671
24
34,437
1,257
1,038
1,939
911
7,986
5,023
6.982
692
7,055
308
1,132
114
35
152
5,025
19
419
970
105
162
349
161
568
33
804
612
216
607
1,295
820
49
351
75
17,702
5,690
4,396
6,257
138
105
2,518
1,159
43
728
902
32
371
261
1,354
32
193
148
217
213
306
245
5
4,789
466
109
1,056
287
973
298
188
44
680
81
574
33
23
108
4,311
5
245
1,495
79
100
465
108
293
34
705
273
143
366
481
272
27
130
52
10,450
1,568
1,293
6,946
67
58
5,244
576
20
246
441
17
170
107
641
17
87
88
104
111
133
101
2
2,055
169
46
460
113
446
110
88
11
335
34
230
13
12
65
1,772
189
399
119
55
91
81
312
84
30
106
60
246
207
119
14
38
36
5,822
497
690
4,094
38
42
2,710
406
16
183
457
31
154
57
539
13
49
107
94
114
92
70
2
1,428
107
21
322
99
338
86
69
7
216
17
141
5
37
1,290
15
116
188
69
45
85
73
262
34
23
71
58
251
122
48
21
26
27
3,416
201
467
2306
13
38
777
375
24
125
524
27
309
94
441
14
43
73
66
105
64
76
1
1312
116
50
217
68
351
106
48
10
222
21
97
6
9
30
1,009
90
74
123
44
39
39
89
217
30
16
21
48
179
55
21
18
6
10
2,321
112
371
1,454
18
29
252
206
30
112
350
29
362
66
384
18
20
57
50
55
118
66
1,004
58
47
186
55
215
66
58
6
209
11
83
10
1
17
667
42
53
75
28
36
39
73
154
25
5
20
19
98
SO
17
9
8
16
2,058
53
605
1,030
15
32
182
110
20
97
220
21
264
69
370
14
19
50
40
23
164
60
609
30
26
129
36
133
48
29
7
115
11
35
10
1
1
10
474
21
37
49
24
21
37
35
128
13
10
27
9
63
40
15
10
3
12
1,189
49
417
524
10
11
62
46
15
70
105
11
145
49
199
8
6
18
19
17
108
23
372
10
9
48
14
94
26
62
3
64
6
33
3
1
6
345
9
30
57
11
12
33
9
73
12
6
26
13
54
21
8
3
1
9
1,163
27
424
375
4
15
37
31
5
57
119
5
74
28
336
10
12
28
35
27
209
15
1
292
22
17
27
11
67
27
39
3
44
4
29
2
1
3
241
4
21
30
19
9
24
8
46
17
4
5
5
49
17
3
2
6
6
1,559
23
707
422
6
9
52
85
9
126
76
5
42
12
407
11
10
67
58
28
228
5
257
13
5
44
8
58
32
20
1
54
4
16
2
1
3
138
3
7
15
2
9
20
6
46
4
4
4
18
11
1
1
2
7
822
16
342
228
1
5
36
40
4
71
36
1
19
15
236
4
1
39
28
22
138
4
203
14
5
19
4
37
18
38
57
3
1
9
432
2
26
47
30
12
41
7
176
11
3
15
2
60
78
7
4
12
55
5374
113
3,410
866
27
21
284
91
7
194
114
10
71
47
984
41
32
311
181
85
304
30
1
423
33
22
18
30
99
53
30
2
96
13
25
2
1
NOTE; The year of enU-y for new arrivals is the year entering as an immigrant. The year of entry for adjustments is the latest year of entry as a nonimmigrant or the
latest year of entry in another temporary status.
- Represents zero.
51
TABLE 12. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1984-94
Age and sex
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total
543,903
570,009
601,708
601,516
643,025
1,090,9M
1,536,483
1,827,167
973,977
904,292
804,416
Under 5 years
32,396
32,867
33,767
32,733
31,063
31.577
33,520
36,669
37,487
39,111
36,085
5-9 years
37,540
37,717
39,720
37,501
38,186
46.775
51,922
49.609
58,445
62,949
57,194
10-14 years
44,957
44.890
47,152
43.939
44,531
85,332
95,453
66,237
73,619
78,157
71,716
15-19 years
53,655
53,769
56,283
57,439
57,859
98,911
125.516
109,261
94,374
95,514
82,796
20-24 years
76,546
80,677
79,640
77,620
77,938
112,002
181.258
354,747
116,280
96,237
85,538
25-29 years
87,463
94,284
95,318
94,481
96,188
167,117
274.035
380,682
150,783
122,787
103,588
30-34 years
63,224
67,177
72,449
72,734
79,439
169,195
251,589
276,464
124.603
108,815
92,563
35-39 years
40,501
43,339
47,574
49,541
58,525
122,958
173,723
182,200
88.564
78,887
67,830
40-44 years
25,990
27,397
30,039
33,175
41,720
79,955
112.988
120,980
61.663
56,100
50.030
45-49 years
19,893
20,647
22,469
24,383
29,708
51,918
71.425
78,393
43,275
41,378
38,756
50-54 years
16,364
17,116
19,161
20,195
23,888
38,937
51,949
57,023
34,230
31,484
29,041
55-59 years
14,787
15,826
18,028
18,515
20,887
30,042
39,776
41,330
28,368
28,246
26,402
60-64 years
12,456
13,801
15,905
15,931
17,549
22,700
30,329
30,856
24,537
24,758
23,103
65-69 years
8,624
9,503
11,226
11,348
12,359
16,786
21,338
21,616
18.604
19,400
18,832
70-74 years
5.406
6,069
7,012
6,542
6,827
8,824
11,021
11,109
10.202
11,131
11,232
75-79 years
2,650
3,083
3,689
3,363
3,836
4,904
6,369
5,938
5.222
5,347
5,438
80 years and over .
1,451
1,847
2,276
2,006
2,497
2,841
4,082
3,680
3.586
3,888
4,201
Unknown age
-
-
-
70
25
150
190
373
135
103
71
Male
274,896
286,141
300,777
300,238
324,521
550,176
818,443
1,213,767
496,724
424,475
372,691
Under 5 years
15,752
16,005
16,629
16,058
15,334
16,027
17,082
18,580
19.020
19,550
17,939
5-9 years
19,336
19,387
20,460
19,184
19,553
23,968
26,651
25,228
29.817
32,092
29,136
10-14 years
23,423
23,445
24,248
22,727
22,993
43,667
48,697
34,112
38,195
40,286
36,762
15-19 years
27,582
27,286
28,782
29,219
29,760
50,379
63,426
64,888
48,493
48,672
41,942
20-24 years
39,018
39,843
38,563
36,963
37,514
53,691
95,684
263,149
60,715
41,829
37,702
25-29 years
46,918
49,941
49,998
49,125
49,749
86,229
155,719
268.701
79,622
54,859
45,425
30-34 years
33,600
35,779
38,411
38,344
42,000
87,875
139,578
188.466
65,641
51,845
42,793
35-39 years
20,695
22,320
24,810
25,699
31,070
63,936
95,153
122.263
46,142
37,413
30,898
40-44 years
12,920
13,973
15,369
16,969
22,049
41,265
61,368
80,507
31,392
25,560
22,339
45-49 years
9,571
9.957
10,851
12,045
15.194
26,432
38,598
52,509
21,845
19,388
17,695
50-54 years
7,181
7,323
8,399
9,091
11,310
18,746
26,394
35.955
16,121
13,889
12,751
55-59 years
5,903
6,442
7,329
7,738
9,245
13,583
18.904
23.893
12.496
11,916
10,999
60-64 years
5,257
5,696
6.627
6,691
7,482
9,917
13,275
15.741
10,767
10,318
9,668
65-69 years
3,692
4,159
4.800
5,148
5,665
7,445
9,180
10.331
8,150
8,110
7,983
70-74 years
2,316
2,607
3.003
2,888
2,956
3,826
4.639
5,047
4,559
4,841
4,753
75-79 years
1,126
1.290
1,549
1,434
1,608
2,019
2,518
2,611
2,206
2,284
2,202
80 years and over .
606
688
949
873
1,027
1,095
1,467
1,507
1,451
1,565
1,659
Unknown age
-
-
-
42
12
76
110
279
92
58
45
Female
269,007
283,868
300,931
301,278
318,504
540,661
717,764
613,166
477,062
479,771
431,684
Under 5 years
16,644
16,862
17,138
16,675
15,729
15,542
16,423
18,086
18.460
19,561
18,142
5-9 years
18,204
18,330
19,260
18,317
18,633
22,803
25,260
24.370
28.614
30,855
28,054
10-14 years
21,534
21,445
22,904
21,212
21,538
41,657
46,736
32,112
35,416
37,866
34,951
15-19 years
26,073
26,483
27,501
28,220
28,099
48,523
62,077
44,357
45,868
46,838
40,852
20-24 years
37,528
40,834
41,077
40,657
40,424
58,307
85,552
91,576
55,548
54,403
47,835
25-29 years
40,545
44,343
45,320
45,356
46,439
80,880
118,271
111,944
71,129
67,922
58,158
30-34 years
29,624
31,398
34,038
34.390
37,439
81,305
111,959
87,968
58,925
56,962
49.760
35-39 years
19,806
21.019
22,764
23,842
27,455
59,012
78,546
59,910
42,406
41,472
36,927
40-44 years
13,070
13,424
14,670
16.206
19,671
38,684
51,606
40,452
30,258
30,534
27,689
10,322
10,690
11,618
12,338
14,514
25.481
32,816
25,870
21,423
21,986
21,061
50-54 years
9,183
9,793
10,762
11,104
12,578
20.189
25.545
21,058
18,105
17.594
16,289
55-59 years
8,884
9,384
10,699
10,777
11,642
16.455
20,867
17,432
15,867
16.330
15,400
60-64 years
7,199
8,105
9,278
9,240
10,067
12,783
17,042
15,109
13,764
14,438
13,434
65-69 years
4,932
5,344
6,426
6,200
6,694
9,340
12,149
11,278
10,449
11,290
10,849
70-74 years
3,090
3,462
4,009
3,654
3,871
4,997
6,375
6,053
5,639
6,289
6.479
75-79 years
1,524
1,793
2.140
1,929
2,228
2,883
3,846
3,325
3,016
3,063
3,236
80 years and over .
845
1,159
1.327
1,133
1,470
1,746
2,614
2,172
2,132
2,323
2.542
Unknown age
-
-
-
28
13
74
80
94
43
45
26
Unknown sex
-
-
-
-
-
87
276
234
191
46
41
Percent distribution
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Male
50.5
50.2
50.0
49.9
50.5
50.4
53.3
66.4
51.0
46.9
46.3
Female
49.5
49.8
50.0
50.1
49.5
49.6
46.7
33.6
49.0
53.1
53.7
Median age
26.5
26.8
27.3
27.7
28.7
30.1
30.1
28.8
28.5
28.3
28.3
Male
26.3
26.7
27.2
27.6
28.7
30.1
30.1
28.6
28.3
27.8
27.6
Female
26.7
26.9
27.4
27.7
28.7
30.2
30.2
29.3
28.8
28.7
28.9
- Represents zero.
52
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Age and sex
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Median age
Male
Female
All
countries
804,416
36,085
57,194
71,716
82,796
85,538
103,588
92,563
67,830
50,030
38,756
29,041
26,402
23,103
18,832
11,232
5,438
4,201
71
372,691
17,939
29,136
36,762
41,942
37,702
45,425
42,793
30,898
22,339
17,695
12,751
10,999
9,668
7,983
4,753
2,202
1,659
45
431,684
18,142
28,054
34,951
40,852
47,835
58,158
49,760
36,927
27,689
21,061
16,289
15,400
13,434
10,849
6,479
3,236
2,542
26
41
100.0
46.3
53.7
28.3
27.6
28.9
Canada
16,068
1,134
1,383
1.316
1,210
1,456
2,256
2,270
1,732
1,303
916
519
235
154
74
48
37
23
2
7,809
603
689
657
589
605
990
1,118
850
663
472
279
129
81
32
26
19
5
2
8,258
531
694
659
621
851
1,266
1,151
882
640
444
240
106
73
42
22
18
18
1
100.0
48.6
51.4
28.4
28.9
28.0
China,
Mainland
53,985
1,296
2,644
2,130
2,197
2,627
6,251
10,111
7,728
4,956
3,664
2,228
2,239
2,190
1,822
1,137
504
254
7
26,188
330
1,319
1,118
1,143
956
2,537
5,123
4,128
2,668
1,939
1,112
1,018
983
873
579
238
118
6
27,792
966
1,325
1,011
1,054
1,671
3,714
4,987
3,598
2,288
1,725
1,116
1,220
1,207
949
558
266
136
1
100.0
48.5
51.5
34.9
35.8
34.0
Colombia
10,847
595
642
965
1,040
794
1,510
1,575
1,118
681
493
364
334
263
216
133
83
41
4,425
307
332
487
520
307
591
602
389
215
203
117
112
72
67
49
31
24
6,422
288
310
478
520
487
919
973
729
466
290
247
222
191
149
84
52
17
100.0
40.8
59.2
29.6
27.4
31.0
Cuba
14,727
233
570
589
836
1,110
1,333
1,522
1,109
1,188
1,304
1,186
1,006
817
749
506
353
312
4
7,750
131
294
329
416
603
815
921
642
644
703
606
468
384
335
206
133
117
3
6,977
102
276
260
420
507
518
601
467
544
601
580
538
433
414
300
220
195
1
100.0
52.6
47.4
40.3
37.8
43.1
Domi-
nican
Republic
51,189
3,040
4,714
5,532
5,921
4,812
7,381
6,066
4,118
2,818
1,847
1,354
1,160
953
736
400
205
132
24,868
1,543
2,352
2,653
2.855
2.304
3.855
3,043
2,063
1,289
860
547
451
400
318
175
83
77
26,321
1,497
2,362
2,879
3,066
2,508
3,526
3,023
2,055
1,529
987
807
709
553
418
225
122
55
100.0
48.6
51.4
26.1
26.0
26.3
El
Salvador
17,644
286
835
3,012
4,001
1,930
2,350
1,921
1,169
740
407
284
222
201
140
82
43
21
8,057
149
436
1,549
2,017
935
1,033
737
413
272
154
104
87
68
51
24
20
9,586
137
399
1,463
1,984
995
1,317
1,183
756
468
253
180
135
133
89
58
23
13
1
100.0
45.7
54.3
21.5
19.7
24.1
Germany
6,992
306
361
271
322
1,250
1,663
1,111
561
338
285
213
110
48
44
37
18
54
2,180
156
169
158
92
132
361
388
228
155
130
95
54
19
18
13
4
4,812
150
192
113
230
1,118
1,302
723
333
183
155
118
56
29
26
24
14
46
100.0
31.2
68.8
27.8
30.3
27.1
Guatemala
7389
539
404
1,007
1,277
769
953
839
508
357
232
143
128
96
67
37
21
12
3371
267
204
506
660
375
454
333
183
120
94
47
48
37
20
12
4,018
272
200
501
617
394
499
506
325
237
138
96
80
59
47
25
13
9
100.0
45.6
54.4
22.9
20.5
25.3
See footnotes at end of table.
53
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Age and sex
Haiti
Hong
Kong
India
Iran
Ireland
Jamaica
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over .
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution ,
Male
Female
Median age
Male
Female
13333
674
686
1,590
2,617
1,461
1,131
1,181
854
607
408
370
378
451
417
283
153
71
I
5,826
351
329
816
1,270
642
517
518
351
239
145
113
105
III
137
95
60
26
I
7,506
323
356
774
1,347
819
614
663
503
368
263
257
273
340
280
188
93
45
1
100.0
43.7
56.3
23.3
20.8
26.2
7,731
383
586
993
1,099
435
749
925
868
791
411
151
151
83
48
21
13
7
17
3,713
196
314
536
576
193
307
417
391
344
185
81
87
40
21
7
5
4
9
4,017
186
272
457
523
242
442
508
477
447
226
70
64
43
27
14
8
3
8
1
100.0
48.0
52.0
27.7
26.0
28.8
34,921
1,893
1,885
2,471
2,704
3,094
5,339
3,843
2,628
2,264
1,821
1,689
1,718
1,454
1,092
578
309
139
16,073
929
979
1,298
1,321
788
2,362
2,067
1,161
1,021
822
745
787
715
535
305
157
81
18,846
964
906
1,173
1,383
2,306
2,976
1,776
1,466
1,243
999
944
931
739
557
273
152
58
100.0
46.0
54.0
30.1
30.7
29.4
11,422
187
362
653
485
631
1,082
1,268
973
733
676
694
763
1,008
965
596
199
146
1
5,150
109
206
340
228
236
401
568
458
349
304
250
279
448
483
318
100
73
6,272
78
156
313
257
395
681
700
515
384
372
444
484
560
482
278
99
73
1
100.0
45.1
54.9
40.5
40.4
40.5
17,256
299
227
234
1,000
7,287
4,341
1,792
777
479
360
238
128
53
15
14
3
7
2
9,617
155
126
111
553
3.935
2,497
1,051
475
276
199
128
70
26
6
5
1
1
2
7,639
144
101
123
447
3,352
1,844
741
302
203
161
110
58
27
9
9
2
6
100.0
55.7
44.3
24.8
25.0
24.5
14349
501
1,104
1,679
1,991
1,124
1,401
1,567
1,297
1,013
810
550
451
350
230
139
85
57
6,684
246
558
836
922
500
687
799
621
498
349
214
153
126
82
48
25
20
7,665
255
546
843
1,069
624
714
768
676
515
461
336
298
224
148
91
60
37
100.0
46.6
53.4
28.0
27.3
28.6
6,093
216
207
213
236
675
1,426
1,217
632
474
340
203
95
62
40
19
17
21
1,894
107
110
105
103
102
246
297
217
210
151
129
54
34
16
5
6
2
4,197
109
97
108
133
573
1,180
919
415
264
189
73
41
28
24
14
11
19
100.0
31.1
68.9
30.2
32.6
29.6
16,011
2,119
549
1,404
1,567
973
1,545
1,564
1,583
1,287
1,057
654
515
438
328
238
119
71
6,765
1,052
294
756
841
287
364
573
625
541
493
302
187
174
122
96
34
24
9,244
1,066
255
648
726
686
1,181
990
958
746
564
352
328
264
206
142
85
47
100.0
42.3
57.7
29.5
27.5
30.3
111398
4,007
12,6.35
15,947
18,629
15,203
13,852
9,252
5,972
4,131
3,308
2,740
2,066
1,481
969
632
317
252
5
49,199
1,986
6,597
8,294
9,868
7,566
5,150
3,014
1,778
1,150
890
809
661
504
395
284
148
102
3
62,198
2,021
6,038
7,653
8,761
7.636
8,702
6,238
4,194
2,981
2,418
1,931
1,405
977
574
348
169
150
2
1
100.0
44.2
55.8
21.3
19.0
24.4
See footnotes at end of table.
54
TABLE 13. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Age and sex
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Soviet
Union
Taiwan
Trinidad
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution
Male
Female
Median age
Male
Female
- Represents zero.
9,177
218
519
861
1,094
758
1 ,093
1,160
871
629
428
321
283
355
264
174
96
53
4,016
117
278
407
537
321
464
503
342
270
183
124
91
126
113
73
40
27
5,161
101
241
454
557
437
629
657
529
359
245
197
192
229
151
101
56
26
100.0
43.8
56.2
30.2
28.8
31.2
53,535
2,104
3,224
4,335
5,424
3,915
6,302
6,187
4,800
3,063
2,448
2,302
2,530
2,750
2,258
1,182
458
253
21,155
1,080
1,606
2,198
2,708
1,256
1,934
2,443
1,843
1,206
955
879
934
900
647
328
149
89
32377
1,024
1,618
2,137
2,716
2,659
4,367
3,744
2,956
1,857
1,493
1,423
1,596
1,849
1,611
854
309
164
100.0
39.5
60.5
31.1
29.6
32.1
28,048
1,564
1,988
2,449
3,108
2,812
3,106
2,943
2,942
2,591
1,824
1,030
809
455
224
109
39
54
1
13,481
786
995
1,223
1,591
1,289
1,445
1,417
1,418
1,215
916
466
351
207
79
45
17
21
14,567
778
993
1,226
1,517
1,523
1,661
1,526
1,524
1,376
908
564
458
248
145
64
22
33
1
100.0
48.1
51.9
28.4
28.0
28.7
63,420
3,835
5,523
4,800
4,137
4,185
4,338
5,263
5,105
4,234
3,699
2,375
3.806
3,323
3,733
2,473
1.270
1,309
12
29,320
1,968
2,746
2,411
2,070
1,825
1,997
2,430
2,361
1,970
1,774
1,039
1,638
1,495
1,634
989
496
470
7
34,093
1,866
2,775
2,389
2,066
2,360
2,341
2,833
2,743
2,262
1,925
1,336
2,168
1,828
2,099
1,484
774
839
5
100.0
46.2
53.8
34.7
33.4
35.7
10,032
240
469
1,004
1,027
434
1,096
1,766
1,251
1,071
480
307
275
237
228
95
35
15
2
4,418
118
243
569
533
195
305
724
557
453
220
148
102
83
104
43
15
6
5,613
122
226
435
494
239
791
1,041
694
618
260
159
173
154
124
52
20
9
2
1
100.0
44.0
56.0
31.9
31.8
32.0
6,292
111
549
779
749
516
688
819
663
434
377
235
153
103
58
37
12
9
2,834
53
274
393
405
227
265
354
278
159
162
103
66
50
25
13
3
4
3,458
58
275
386
344
289
423
465
385
275
215
132
87
53
33
24
9
5
100.0
45.0
55.0
28.3
26.1
29.5
16326
715
925
890
822
1,843
3,226
2,781
1,719
1,143
945
577
305
174
108
64
36
53
8,584
376
451
454
436
780
1,626
1,516
963
680
576
326
176
99
61
36
15
13
7,742
339
474
436
386
1,063
1,600
1,265
756
463
369
251
129
75
47
28
21
40
100.0
52.6
47.4
29.6
30.5
28.6
41,345
1,178
2,532
2,977
4.122
7,551
4,415
2,453
2,263
2,937
3,115
2,834
1,869
1,508
880
404
192
112
3
20,078
604
1,352
1,506
2,153
3,795
2,176
1,058
809
1,057
1,507
1,569
968
759
458
197
69
39
2
21,264
574
1,180
1,471
1,968
3.756
2,238
1,395
1,454
1,880
1,608
1,265
900
749
422
207
123
73
1
100.0
48.6
51.4
27.3
26.1
28.5
148,526
7.271
10,394
12,057
13,267
16,613
23,244
19,642
13,219
8,568
6,217
4.699
4,000
3,525
2,748
1,618
754
677
13
71,366
3,619
5,231
6,252
6,560
7,067
11,354
10,022
6,698
4,075
2,898
2,049
1,626
1,472
1,168
696
292
278
9
77,149
3,651
5,162
5,803
6,707
9,546
11,888
9,616
6,521
4,493
3,319
2,650
2,373
2,053
1,580
922
462
399
4
II
100.0
48.0
51.9
28.2
28.1
28.2
55
TABLE 14, IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MARITAL STATUS, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Age and sex
Total
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Unknown
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ,
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ...
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
804,416
36,085
57,194
71,716
82,796
85,538
103,588
92,563
67,830
50,030
38,756
29,041
26,402
23,103
18,832
11,232
5,438
4,201
71
372,691
17,939
29.136
36,762
41,942
37,702
45,425
42,793
30,898
22,339
17,695
12,751
10,999
9,668
7,983
4,753
2,202
1,659
45
431,684
18,142
28,054
34,951
40,852
47,835
58,158
49,760
36,927
27,689
21,061
16,289
15,400
13,434
10,849
6,479
3,236
2,542
26
41
100.0
46.3
53.7
Z
28.3
27.6
28.9
353,642
36,085
.57,194
71,642
78,354
42,873
26,800
17,148
8,578
4,430
2,785
1,942
1,657
1,433
1,150
781
405
332
53
185,029
17,939
29,136
36,723
41,013
23,992
16,003
10,345
4,677
2,046
1,155
633
426
340
246
167
81
74
33
168,597
18,142
28.054
34,916
37,339
18,881
10,797
6,802
3,900
2,384
1,630
1,309
1,230
1,093
904
614
324
258
20
16
100.0
52.3
47.7
Z
15.8
16.1
15.4
417,156
18
4,027
42,065
75,593
73.421
56,926
43,256
33.523
24,477
21,402
17,697
13.393
7,004
2,737
1,602
15
179,362
7
741
13,443
28,930
31,633
25,334
19,502
15,783
11,503
9,963
8,672
7,025
3,993
1,703
1,119
II
237,773
11
3,286
28,621
46,660
41,780
31,588
23,753
17,740
12,973
11,437
9,024
6,368
3,011
1,034
483
4
21
100.0
43.0
57.0
Z
36.1
37.9
34.9
18,161
59
115
160
280
370
595
1,086
1,918
2,880
3,486
3,009
2,089
2,114
2,583
34
32
44
45
39
81
119
183
305
466
463
357
415
15,578
25
83
116
235
331
514
967
1,735
2,575
3,020
2.546
1,732
1,699
100.0
14.2
85.8
Z
67.4
69.3
67.1
11,006
3
31
155
615
1,296
1,.563
1,560
1,480
1,236
1,107
852
598
306
122
82
3,820
2
11
52
230
510
619
,572
512
380
321
267
183
96
40
25
7,185
1
20
103
385
786
944
987
968
856
786
585
415
210
82
57
1
100.0
34.7
65.3
Z
45.9
44.1
46.8
1,721
3
79
143
254
237
230
209
168
161
114
71
30
14
707
17
64
120
108
99
85
62
56
51
26
13
2
4
1,014
3
62
79
1.34
129
131
124
106
105
63
45
17
12
4
100.0
41.1
58.9
Z
43.1
42.2
43.9
2,730
53
381
307
322
284
246
184
164
132
157
127
134
102
71
63
3
1,190
30
177
164
166
141
115
81
79
54
50
33
37
21
19
22
I
1,537
23
204
143
154
142
131
103
85
78
107
94
97
81
52
41
2
100.0
43.6
56.3
.1
35.5
31.6
39.0
Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than 0.05 percent.
56
TABLE 15. IMMIGRANT-ORPHANS ADOPTED BY U.S. CITIZENS BY SEX,
AGE, AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of birth
Total
Sex
Male
Female
Unknown
Age
Under 1
year
1 -4 years
5-9 years
Over 9
years
Unknown
All countries
Europe
Bulgaria
Greece
Hungary
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China, Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Japan
Korea
Lebanon
Nepal
Pakistan
Philippines
Taiwan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa
Ethiopia
Ghana
Other Africa
Oceania ,
North America
Mexico
Caribbean
Dominican Republic ..
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad
Other Caribbean
Central America
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other Central America
Other North America ...
South America
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ....
8,200
2,370
101
7
36
35
93
100
8
197
1,763
1,324
163
102
174
18
12
3,687
748
27
390
6
51
1,757
17
23
14
320
34
45
228
27
83
48
8
27
8
847
95
130
17
62
34
9
8
621
28
39
431
76
18
27
2
1
1,205
42
150
77
342
42
7
497
37
9
-)
3,540
1,108
44
4
18
15
42
48
4
77
841
641
83
44
73
1,402
36
15
118
1
22
861
8
6
9
167
13
27
106
13
40
23
3
14
414
48
55
9
30
12
3
1
310
11
16
215
41
11
15
1
1
574
18
76
34
168
23
4
225
23
2
1
4,660
1,262
57
3
18
20
51
52
4
120
922
683
80
58
101
10
5
2,285
712
12
272
5
29
896
9
17
5
153
21
18
122
14
43
25
5
13
433
47
75
8
32
22
6
7
311
17
23
216
35
7
12
1
631
24
74
43
174
19
3
272
14
7
I
4,361
494
39
11
25
391
291
57
19
24
6
3
2,608
506
17
157
1
35
1,663
17
9
3
57
22
110
11
15
10
448
34
36
13
17
3
2
1
377
10
9
335
12
6
4
1
1
793
30
56
15
248
417
15
2
2
2,546
1,268
48
2
19
15
39
48
1
112
971
741
73
55
102
7
6
736
217
10
164
5
14
82
13
4
130
7
29
53
8
26
15
4
7
1
242
25
38
1
25
10
2
179
7
21
68
57
7
18
1
273
11
39
58
52
24
1
72
14
•7
886
522
46
2
9
12
12
25
6
42
360
264
28
27
41
5
3
184
20
43
2
10
1
I
44
2
12
47
2
16
12
2
9
81
20
15
7
4
2
2
46
5
5
23
4
4
5
82
1
28
1
32
7
1
8
1
3
407
86
7
3
16
1
18
41
28
5
1
7
159
5
26
26
11
2
13
76
16
41
3
13
17
5
3
19
6
4
5
3
1
57
27
3
10
3
5
7
Represents zero.
57
TABLE 16. IMMIGRANT NEW ARRIVALS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of birth
All
ports
Chicago
El Paso
Los
Angeles
Miami
Newark
New
York
San
Francisco
San
Juan
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
GemKiny
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Norway ,
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Moldova
Russia
Ukraine
Uzbekistan
Other republics
Unknown republic ..
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
490,429
70,272
726
225
211
466
396
290
216
1,139
3,738
686
382
16,400
1,028
90
281
523
182
25,318
1,763
1,198
3,770
184
30
97
34
2,099
583
116
131
496
613
425
387
7,853
1,787
179
153,845
558
2,947
653
601
18,532
5,818
24,857
858
5,997
1,285
1,621
2,743
2,750
10,661
491
253
2,780
630
7,007
40,247
345
230
592
1,571
5,454
1,559
969
25,434
13,995
55
24
25
35
47
12
21
87
288
56
18
633
51
7
92
17
3
11,073
4
239
291
2
1
14
143
50
11
15
55
11
82
41
366
411
6
9,820
4
54
19
7
757
187
2,953
11
297
239
69
115
687
935
101
17
243
14
540
1,929
47
8
15
191
117
81
44
95,292
288
1
13
7
10
26
1
1
4
1
10
14
95
21
1
12
2
37
16
2
4
5
3
2
31
63
1
2,127
36
2
11
4
67
2
27
3
1,198
57
46
2
5
23
41
7
454
1
14
19
6
1
2
27
40
2
15
58,628
3,188
1
42
14
39
31
56
20
200
264
40
53
532
101
2
14
52
17
157
5
137
387
117
6
6
3
135
32
24
19
45
18
53
43
802
98
10
39,506
75
363
197
282
4,068
1,505
2,723
510
1,624
146
212
903
270
3,368
63
133
416
275
521
13,943
51
89
222
402
2,377
669
105
42,642
1,321
3
5
8
7
5
7
32
56
58
11
14
327
47
3
4
29
4
121
18
16
64
1
10
2
30
9
1
1
10
93
19
9
337
18
6
1,014
43
2
94
17
229
4
125
9
72
8
56
54
1
8
80
5
80
16
1
1
2
26
38
11,871
5,185
12
20
3
11
10
43
10
125
197
43
257
31
5
28
12
64
2,954
562
17
100
3
1
53
18
4
3
18
55
61
6
459
95
5
2,531
6
65
6
2
137
63
528
8
318
16
24
53
78
10
12
5
78
14
122
146
4
3
57
14
361
9
350
132,324
28,346
558
51
46
283
159
78
79
203
513
369
148
8,913
501
43
108
113
43
10,031
571
549
1,766
24
12
41
19
986
327
53
58
246
220
97
99
2,008
730
67
37,337
290
2,083
138
131
5,004
1,016
10,920
98
601
242
959
317
1,139
2,195
177
11
725
155
4,585
3,034
148
25
130
565
597
161
191
33,354
1,978
1
10
6
13
20
15
15
86
99
18
10
865
22
1
4
26
5
80
8
30
167
4
1
110
18
1
5
28
4
25
21
384
38
5
29,340
78
52
230
79
5,982
2,114
2,500
139
470
47
24
392
122
907
13
30
60
87
330
10,104
6
54
13
35
1,299
247
39
13,383
60
1
12
1
1
2
4
14
27
See footnotes at end of table.
58
TABLE 16. IMMIGRANT NEW ARRIVALS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of birth
All
ports
Chicago
El Paso
Los
Angeles
Miami
Newark
New
York
San
Francisco
San
Juan
Other
Vietnam
10,400
43
10
3,843
8
10
1,035
3,722
1
1,728
Yemen
641
52
-
20
-
9
398
26
-
136
Other Asia
795
10,752
44
594
5
111
131
993
17
266
23
393
267
4,770
139
323
4
169
Africa
3,298
Cape Verde
599
-
1
1
8
460
-
129
Egypt
2,147
99
13
344
27
24
1,334
49
-
257
Ethiopia
855
67
17
111
13
21
113
102
-
411
Ghana
916
66
3
39
6
43
393
9
-
357
Kenya
513
50
1
42
7
28
130
27
-
228
Liberia
508
13
30
10
11
84
274
1
-
85
Morocco
414
11
31
16
10
304
2
-
40
Nigeria
1,635
121
10
102
22
45
642
27
2
664
Sierra Leone
396
1
23
1
4
133
13
-
221
Somalia
118
4
13
-
47
2
52
South Africa
950
67
59
6
3
170
10
124
1
30
303
31
26
3
232
Sudan
19
Tanzania
269
29
1
23
6
15
104
9
82
Uganda
197
20
2
13
3
20
46
10
-
83
1,168
2,156
54
19
11
8
74
1,390
29
15
61
7
456
44
43
271
2
438
Oceania
402
Australia
690
10
2
448
11
6
34
39
-
140
Fiji
844
-
4
541
-
4
229
-
66
New Zealand
324
298
218,967
7,414
7
2
909
2
92,709
236
165
11,458
2
2
24,309
1
3,660
5
1
47,182
1
2
1,243
13,116
72
Other Oceania
124
24,381
Canada
129
6
146
89
45
792
98
6,109
Mexico
97,958
142
91,410
142
72
24
137
72
2
5,957
Caribbean
79,991
33
1,210
32
17,293
3,567
42,585
8
13,070
2,193
Antigua-Barbuda
272
-
-
18
11
86
-
98
59
Bahamas, The
243
1
223
-
7
-
1
10
Barbados
528
-
-
87
1
361
-
63
15
Cuba
2,504
I
318
11
2,131
1
16
-
6
20
Dominica
386
-
33
5
67
-
127
154
Dominican Republic .
48,031
3
10
3,897
3,311
28,942
2
11,740
125
Grenada
401
-
30
3
179
-
180
9
Haiti
11,237
2
877
5,820
12
4,279
2
44
200
Jamaica
10,931
17
3
12
3,756
220
5,702
4
7
1,210
St. Kitts-Nevis
265
279
13
26
1
31
75
-
89
148
131
St. Lucia
30
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
333
-
43
222
-
39
29
Trinidad & Tobago ...
4,292
7
1,167
1
2,541
-
458
115
Other Caribbean
289
3
1
2
49
1
77
-
70
86
Central America
33,580
602
80
11,137
6,854
23
3,665
1,062
44
10,113
Belize
588
1
1
162
193
3
4
4
-
220
Costa Rica
726
8
2
113
314
-
104
9
7
169
El Salvador
16,603
6,469
87
365
36
17
6,638
3,049
1,170
951
3
13
1,983
555
776
92
4
4
5,906
Guatemala
1,423
Honduras
4,445
9
8
622
1,511
1
943
45
5
1,301
Nicaragua
3,078
14
14
531
1,763
-
53
132
8
563
Panama
1,671
118
2
22
952
3
23
4
16
531
Other North America ..
24
3
3
1
1
1
3
3
-
9
South America
34,437
97
49
2,093
319
15,717
95
14,645
199
176
1,366
Argentina
1,257
4
6
586
296
2
44
Bolivia
1,038
-
I
42
961
1
12
-
-
21
Brazil
1,939
43
7
227
699
9
719
4
1
230
Chile
911
3
2
92
605
3
117
10
2
77
Colombia
7,986
16
9
317
3,738
12
3,580
1
57
256
Ecuador
5,023
9
4
169
1,567
5
2,974
13
1
281
Guyana
6,982
1
3
3
551
9
6,139
2
32
242
Paraguay
692
10
1
21
381
4
245
-
-
30
Peru
7,055
7
12
851
5,757
4!
108
165
4
110
Uruguay
308
1
I
31
126
-
140
-
9
Venezuela
1,132
3
3
19
676
10
281
2
76
62
Other South America ..
114
-
2
70
1
34
3
4
■ Represents zero.
59
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
State of intended
residence
All
countries
Canada
China,
Mainland
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
El
Salvador
Germany
Guatemala
Guyana
Total
804,416
16,068
53,985
10,847
14,727
51,189
17,644
6,992
7,389
7,662
Alabama
1,837
60
200
20
1
6
4
82
6
6
Alaska
1,129
58
64
18
1
38
6
15
6
1
Arizona
9,141
391
653
34
20
17
63
124
73
3
Arkansas
1.031
34
70
6
1
1
16
35
1
1
California
208,498
6,825
1.922
252
17,447
371
665
37
411
8
120
3
8.082
20
1.030
155
3.628
28
141
Colorado
1
Connecticut
9,537
226
551
310
18
249
46
96
61
91
Delaware
984
38
142
2
4
8
12
12
6
District of Columbia
3,204
15
223
31
9
138
630
30
50
48
Florida
58,093
2.038
871
2,741
12,465
2,463
363
596
366
552
Georgia
10.032
368
522
167
26
47
79
228
22
67
Hawaii
7.746
155
743
6
1
1
56
3
1
1,559
87
94
8
-
1
14
29
9
-
Illinois
42,400
497
1,684
228
81
119
163
221
466
32
Indiana
3,725
179
375
18
3
19
6
89
15
2
Iowa
2,163
127
237
7
2
3
11
51
9
11
Kansas
2,902
74
236
17
7
8
18
86
9
2
Kentucky
2.036
126
203
7
3
4
8
112
4
1
Louisiana
3.366
158
225
28
35
57
23
74
42
26
Maine
829
153
60
3
2
3
35
6
-
Maryland
15,937
175
1,620
165
11
233
1.017
130
165
217
Massachusetts
22,882
490
1,995
236
38
2,581
247
166
171
66
Michigan
12,728
955
663
51
18
83
14
200
47
11
Minnesota
7,098
815
268
30
448
97
96
2
11
14
4
29
3
95
32
33
3
141
Mississippi
3
Missouri
4,362
153
464
20
32
6
18
99
13
5
Montana
447
112
34
2
-
-
1
22
-
-
Nebraska
1.595
34
137
3
-
5
13
16
7
4
Nevada
4.051
139
314
31
166
16
122
48
43
6
New Hampshire
1.144
93
93
11
63
7
35
5
-
New Jersey
44.083
402
2,174
1,780
627
5,384
578
179
317
657
New Mexico
2.936
144.354
6.204
635
9.184
47
1.277
429
69
394
157
11,745
468
40
872
14
2,888
39
3
48
95
247
7
5
1
28.250
32
33
9
1.983
31
1
19
49
481
210
10
193
18
708
22
2
18
4
New York
5.320
18
North Dakota
-
Ohio
40
Oklahoma
2.728
99
198
17
1
4
5
95
17
-
Oregon
6,784
241
421
9
3
3
44
86
38
-
Pennsylvania
15.971
422
1,621
143
42
369
30
229
67
44 •
Rhode Island
2.907
2.110
570
3.608
37
144
53
177
174
200
26
291
141
32
12
1
2
3
636
4
9
14
3
11
28
82
10
99
156
10
10
1
9
South Dakota
_
Tennessee
15
Texas
56.158
2,951
1,112
259
1,932
291 .
378
24
86
3
114
10
2.499
22
489
49
430
22
62 ■
Utah
1
Vermont
658
145
61
3
-
1
33
3
1
15,342
238
971
153
25
70
1,283
209
166
23
Washington
18,180
821
842
35
26
II
45
226
41
5
West Virginia
663
38
103
8
I
2
2
36
3
1
Wisconsin
5,328
197
407
33
2
25
11
144
33
4
Wyoming
217
22
18
2
2
-
-
15
-
-
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
2,531
6
66
-
-
1
5
-
-
Northern Mariana Is
120
-
8
-
-
-
-
-
10.463
1.426
5
21
63
113
2
176
9.390
533
14
29
4
11
2
Virgin Islands
16
Armed Services Posts ...
188
1
-
-
-
1
-
-
Other or unknown
21
5
-
-
1
-
-
2
-
See footnotes at end of table.
60
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
State of intended
residence
Haiti
Hong
Kong
India
Iran
Ireland
Jainaica
Japan
Korea
Mexico
Pakistan
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
Northern Mariana Is. .
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Armed Services Posts
Other or unknown
13,333
I
78
5
342
62
27
5,052
34
I
3
101
8
3
4
10
27
168
951
29
16
3
32
I
2
7
1,500
2
4,527
13
6
6
12
139
56
5
3
26
2
28
17
2
I
7,731
5
2
46
7
3,359
30
46
7
14
167
65
239
2
216
26
15
36
21
23
6
118
243
55
64
7
49
4
3
53
7
285
7
1,318
57
8
63
7
54
105
18
17
1
29
298
25
4
115
285
1
40
51
4
3
1
34,921
222
13
227
53
7,085
139
452
76
63
1,033
649
37
8
3,241
365
135
126
209
206
26
1,058
805
1,085
183
112
295
5
62
68
56
3,782
96
5,338
426
26
800
194
161
1,343
41
173
13
290
2,254
68
20
928
475
62
301
4
6
I
3
20
11,422
38
8
73
11
6,302
131
53
22
32
301
204
11
5
204
46
14
47
44
31
9
418
198
134
76
24
69
4
18
47
6
188
41
563
77
124
82
73
148
17
18
5
79
655
49
1
469
186
19
42
5
17,256
22
6
100
34
2,338
97
427
48
47
731
182
9
14
1,089
48
26
20
87
45
42
202
2.935
90
89
10
74
13
12
50
83
1,137
19
5,142
94
2
181
8
46
576
116
47
4
45
311
41
30
210
179
7
85
4
14,349
20
I
I
257
6
687
35
112
3,569
179
3
3
223
15
7
II
13
14
17
452
319
65
20
1
22
4
10
3
1,012
I
6,366
42
3
74
2
8
354
22
13
II
185
96
22
10
38
I
6,093
31
17
66
12
1,917
60
62
14
16
157
107
510
II
171
48
19
16
52
24
14
74
100
134
60
23
40
7
6
29
12
257
9
702
65
3
85
23
114
102
5
33
5
64
184
60
6
89
287
5
29
4
126
I
3
I
22
16,011
57
71
122
31
4,965
197
103
44
37
256
357
329
13
770
116
121
47
82
29
II
651
194
315
243
12
77
26
71
102
40
1,054
27
1,904
225
I
174
71
230
466
14
39
15
95
620
48
13
583
649
25
113
3
140
3
3
111,398
95
45
4,340
142
52.088
1,931
90
56
27
1,885
665
47
737
7.900
401
233
691
60
80
11
163
86
413
207
34
195
10-
295
951
385
1.674
1,310
477
11
134
513
1,472
556
24
61
13
122
27,015
322
3
253
2,573
10
467
36
13
57
8,698
33
1
44
8
1,389
30
117
34
25
342
183
II
15
677
58
20
25
20
53
3
296
102
273
31
15
51
15
35
14
556
6
2.200
85
1
129
39
34
195
4
22
2
55
719
29
1
558
63
15
51
1
See footnotes at end of table.
61
TABLE 17. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND
STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
State of intended
residence
Peru
Philippines
Poland
Soviet
Union
Taiwan
Trinidad
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
Northern Mariana Is. .
-Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Armed Services Posts
Other or unknown
9,177
18
14
36
2
1,619
64
258
3
43
1,506
90
14
14
175
18
4
8
7
13
4
258
89
26
39
4
20
2
43
11
1,771
15
1,770
45
1
34
20
38
77
22
26
264
66
1
490
45
9
11
5
53
2
53,535
83
330
374
85
23,942
212
209
52
109
1,474
288
4,329
68
2,539
182
61
108
78
155
45
752
259
456
157
66
243
25
47
773
47
2,945
81
3,878
209
20
319
117
313
460
54
149
19
144
1,833
106
15
1,119
1,781
56
159
16
1,959
104
5
4
121
1
28,048
10
35
69
7
598
106
1,459
16
2
548
156
1
15
11,165
115
14
7
15
21
17
117
672
656
49
29
2
15
26
10
3,751
15
6,733
53
1
211
13
35
535
114
73
4
31
151
22
6
85
128
8
124
2
63,420
54
97
308
21
14,542
730
659
44
87
1,117
630
24
98
2,970
329
124
179
118
35
47
2,144
2,438
968
762
5
554
48
156
58
64
1,993
60
19,618
245
89
1,743
34
1.262
2.592
250
51
66
166
873
260
60
613
3,340
8
685
10,032
46
3
73
4
4,862
71
68
13
17
179
35
6,292
11
2
15
6
147
5
60
13
57
832
115
52
81
1
8
,
247
27
47
5
30
.
43
10
10
9
39
18
10
-
263
320
140
141
141
19
59
13
6
1
62
8
4
.
13
.
30
3
22
7
580
415
21
^
851
3,496
89
28
3
.
144
29
40
9
49
3
182
182
12
10
49
18
40
11
743
145
46
2
5
2
163
58
206
21
13
2
49
8
5
.
60
16326
94
32
263
104
3,216
296
356
54
53
1,783
460
67
14
517
135
57
59
57
115
53
242
722
353
167
40
123
34
33
106
89
742
73
1,894
270
11
315
86
176
664
53
168
10
127
937
93
34
404
334
26
153
22
10
13
17
41,345
142
35
432
136
14,162
508
277
9
243
1,183
1,602
353
72
734
164
453
522
211
650
39
656
1,366
531
806
100
601
5
377
117
112
564
89
995
855
91
331
527
733
1,040
17
171
18
354
4,292
270
63
1.594
2,607
9
97
29
148,526
470
210
1,163
202
32,186
1,332
2,164
158
1,019
13,523
2,488
713
217
5,943
893
369
486
465
1,120
213
3,852
5,132
4,943
2,922
177
1,008
84
251
663
239
9,068
304
22,850
1,593
239
2,666
501
1.126
3,288
870
509
303
1,292
7,551
761
147
4.349
2,930
184
2,018
49
78
3
496
716
29
1
Represents zero.
62
TABLE 18. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1986-94
State of intended
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
residence
Total
601,708
601,516
643,025
1,090,924
1,536,483
1,827,167
973,977
904,292
804,416
Alabama
1,697
1,597
1.402
1.792
1.775
2,706
2.109
2,298
1.837
Alaska
1,115
992
989
1.013
1.207
1,525
1.165
1,286
1.129
Arizona
7,133
7,189
6.697
11.238
23.737
40,642
15,792
9,778
9,141
Arkansas
929
861
808
1.074
1.245
2,559
1,039
1,312
1,031
168,790
4,739
161,164
4,562
188.696
4,541
457.417
7.101
682.979
9.125
732,735
13,782
336,663
6,553
260,090
6,650
208,498
Colorado
6,825
Connecticut
7,001
585
8,058
621
7,161
685
8.430
708
10,678
868
12,365
1,937
10,345
1,034
10,966
1,132
9,537
Delaware
984
District of Columbia
2,444
2,572
2,517
4.759
5,467
5.510
4,275
3,608
3,204
48,600
54,654
65.418
48.474
71,603
141,068
61,127
61,423
58,093
Georgia
5,671
6,118
5.677
8.093
10,431
23,556
11,243
10,213
10,032
Hawaii
7,814
6.796
6.637
7.292
8,441
8,659
8,199
8,528
7,746
Idaho
768
682
790
1.875
1,815
7,088
1,186
1,270
1,559
Illinois
26,093
25,995
27,726
69.263
83,858
73,388
43,532
46,744
42,400
2,496
2.279
2,322
2.580
3,392
4,512
3.115
4,539
3,725
Iowa
1,309
1,579
1.697
1.760
2,252
3,331
2.228
2.626
2,163
Kansas
2,043
1,804
2.130
3.842
3,925
5,620
2.924
3.225
2,902
Kentucky
1,049
1,381
1.218
1.396
1,365
1,753
2,119
2,182
2,036
Louisiana
4,373
3,824
3,444
3.925
4,024
4,917
4,230
3,725
3,366
Maine
941
855
701
795
883
1,155
847
838
829
Maryland
10,768
11,846
11,502
14,258
17.106
17,470
15.408
16.899
15,937
Massachusetts
15,120
16,630
18,594
20,990
25.338
27.020
22.231
25.011
22,882
Michigan
8,560
8.929
9,073
9,552
10.990
16.090
14,268
14.913
12,728
5,189
785
5,621
862
4,665
760
5.704
845
6.627
931
7.461
1.254
6,851
842
7,438
906
7,098
Mississippi
815
Missouri
2,912
2,715
3,082
3.320
3.820
4.470
4,250
4,644
4,362
Montana
369
341
415
376
484
826
493
509
447
Nebraska
787
760
837
1.120
1.573
3,020
1,486
1,980
1,595
Nevada
3,021
2.562
2,726
5,242
8.270
10,470
5,086
4,045
4,051
New Hampshire
834
1,070
1,004
1,140
1.191
1,421
1.250
1,263
1,144
New Jersey
34,638
30,849,
32,724
42,187
52.670
56,164
48.314
50,285
44,083
2,234
110,216
3,317
400
7,215
2,302
114,194
3,181
305
5,930
2,661
109,259
3,777
324
6,305
7,210
134,766
4,634
323
7,185
8.840
189,589
5,387
448
7,419
13,519
188,104
16,772
565
8,632
3.907
149.399
6.425
513
10.194
3,409
151,209
6,892
601
10,703
2,936
144.354
North Carolina
6.204
635
Ohio
9.184
2,516
2,131
2,050
4,366
5,274
6,403
3.147
2,942
2.728
Oregon
3,820
3,687
3,722
4,773
7,880
24,575
6.275
7,250
6.784
10,597
10,599
11,837
12,895
14,757
20,033
16.213
16,964
15.971
2,684
1,344
233
2,071
2,425
1,480
304
2,276
2,390
1,360
254
2,439
3,134
1,787
265
2,763
3,683
2,130
287
2,893
3,644
3,836
519
3,828
2.920
2.118
522
2.995
3,168
2,195
543
4,287
2.907
South Carolina
2.110
570
Tennessee
3.608
Texas
42,316
42,349
43.271
112,927
174,132
212,600
75,533
67,380
56,158
Utah
2,106
1,995
2.113
2,926
3,335
5,737
2,744
3,266
2,951
Vermont
351
517
400
436
614
709
668
709
658
Virginia
10,557
11,235
11,908
15,690
19.005
24,942
17,739
16,451
15,342
Washington
9,470
9,684
9,890
13,630
15.129
33,826
15,861
17,147
18,180
West Virginia
583
530
482
500
552
763
723
689
663
Wisconsin
3,364
2,912
3,288
4,210
5.293
5.888
4,261
5,168
5,328
Wyoming
266
261
230
461
542
566
281
263
217
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
1,950
1,805
1.909
1,775
1.851
2.113
2,464
3.072
2,531
Northern Mariana Islands
X
X
X
X
105
114
67
158
120
Puerto Rico
4,013
4,177
4.866
4.691
7.138
10.353
6,347
7.614
10,463
Virgin Islands
1,512
1,466
1.652
1.767
1,733
2,083
1,754
1.610
1,426
Other or unknown
3
109
397
2.569
703
276
209
■ Represents zero. X Not applicable.
63
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Metropolitan statistical area '
All
countries
Canada
China,
Mainland
Colom-
bia
Cuba
Domi-
nican
Rep.
El
Salva-
dor
Ger-
many
Guate-
mala
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Chicago, IL
Miami, FL
Washington. DC-MD-VA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
San Francisco, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
Orange County, CA
San Diego, CA
Oakland, CA
Newark, NJ
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Dallas, TX
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Detroit, MI
Fort Lauderdale. P^L
Atlanta, GA
Jersey City, NJ
Sacramento, CA
San Juan, PR
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Honolulu, HI
Fresno, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Baltimore, MD
El Paso. TX
Denver, CO
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, PI-
Ventura, CA
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Orlando, FL
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Hartford, CT
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Bakersfield, CA
San Antonio, TX
Providence-Wanvick-Pawtucket, RI
Salinas, CA
Las Vegas, NV
St. Louis, MO-IL
Slockton-Lodi, CA
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
804,416
124,423
77,112
40,081
29,108
25,021
18,709
18,641
17,600
16,207
15,502
14,212
13,701
12,040
11.606
11.535
10.649
10.504
9.453
9.163
8.736
7.846
7.825
7.529
6.627
6,546
6,365
6,288
6,232
6,056
5,527
5,264
4,914
4,537
4,387
4,300
4,109
3,961
3,914
3,805
3,785
3,458
3,455
3,333
3,032
2,960
2,776
2,706
2,687
2,669
2,482
126,031
44,806
201
16,068
518
535
436
192
223
335
166
255
149
200
196
184
117
87
180
85
368
185
125
637
472
266
27
65
5
67
120
31
191
161
274
74
13
170
373
41
227
189
36
114
57
58
116
22
105
33
14
87
92
6
5,385
1.995
53,985
10,163
6,183
1,420
203
1,849
1,727
3,934
846
1,945
827
631
2,327
465
352
1,107
589
667
433
256
336
109
379
312
369
25
621
714
73
400
292
360
488
21
201
103
102
80
104
5
130
169
70
183
25
60
171
30
150
289
69
9,509
2,112
10,847
2,364
316
217
1,735
289
197
43
215
21
93
31
37
571
574
110
399
24
46
43
18
439
142
359
5
47
128
4
1
73
9
23
24
5
24
122
26
138
158
2
165
84
29
14
6
17
138
6
23
13
3
996
281
14,727
192
281
80
11,453
34
29
49
29
6
19
14
118
51
23
19
24
22
18
5
268
23
421
3
94
20
1
5
9
2
8
3
3
2
310
2
156
96
1
11
4
2
2
1
7
1
165
3
1
440
189
51,189
26,992
41
104
1,779
387
2,420
14
65
5
13
16
760
2,144
289
1,033
4
7
4
13
187
33
1,422
4
6,089
732
14
14
33
1
2
94
4
120
144
114
63
12
12
1
9
634
1
15
1,446
3,883
17,644
948
5,963
158
219
2,853
221
640
1,853
117
311
48
219
159
104
23
974
23
368
259
5
47
62
252
34
5
23
1
90
24
29
56
31
9
9
22
62
23
12
17
22
6
30
9
82
43
14
53
70
3
12
713
314
6,992
253
331
156
96
170
119
112
82
85
71
99
61
47
46
97
54
65
51
62
90
67
105
9
25
7
29
34
12
70
53
81
62
50
50
96
19
42
54
8
40
28
25
39
14
40
25
11
29
41
8
2,469
1,202
1
7,389
406
2,752
457
205
344
160
149
194
46
200
25
74
126
55
39
172
15
95
172
14
28
9
44
9
4
28
2
21
23
28
56
17
1
16
35
50
25
25
9
36
2
5
19
56
156
6
22
10
10
633
296
See footnotes al end of table.
64
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Haiti
Hong
Kong
India
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Jamaica
Japan
Korea
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Chicago, IL
Miami, FL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Boslon-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
San Francisco, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
Orange County, CA
San Diego, CA
Oakland, CA
Newark, NJ
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Dallas. TX
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Detroit, Ml
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Atlanta, GA
Jersey City, NJ
Sacramento, CA
San Juan, PR
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Honolulu, HI
Fresno, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland- Vancouver, OR-WA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Baltimore, MD
El Paso, TX
Denver, CO
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Ventura, CA
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Orlando, FL
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Hartford, CT
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Bakersfield. CA
San Antonio, TX
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Salinas, CA
Las Vegas, NV
St Louis, MO-IL
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
See foolnotes at end of table.
13,333
4,085
27
92
2,294
154
930
14
16
1
4
13
7
1,150
39
125
387
11
2
3
4
1,144
33
5
17
I
11
10
3
15
4
56
903
233
288
19
2
2
I
55
2
5
837
241
7,731
1,159
1,067
201
48
161
221
909
176
272
136
73
525
70
56
102
82
245
65
57
27
50
57
35
118
1
73
239
17
56
40
27
45
3
20
II
4
21
9
30
7
17
25
II
9
18
9
39
42
38
771
236
1
34,921
4,008
1,339
2,994
99
1,464
642
350
1,061
1,473
583
155
1,049
694
607
1,011
705
342
573
292
802
130
460
623
294
1
1,253
36
312
157
134
160
305
10
77
193
83
76
167
5
194
157
157
279
135
52
39
34
28
209
167
7,120
1,629
11,422
333
3,723
183
59
754
158
233
232
474
697
246
300
36
66
87
177
161
200
102
59
42
181
16
98
10
47
68
67
61
III
8
97
36
83
28
59
17
20
55
36
II
41
17
II
29
32
3
1,565
265
6,025
62
206
549
19
98
64
79
33
53
34
794
18
2
20
37
6
97
354
32
1,379
6
18
1
14
1
10
18
34
89
10
4
28
4
4
30
79
55
2
3
1
3
7
84
1,478
85
17,256
4,122
463
1,059
84
291
2,482
960
105
167
174
173
118
255
314
472
726
137
83
42
46
149
140
128
50
115
8
4
68
47
82
90
5
50
113
26
86
84
1
221
96
13
74
2
20
68
11
34
49
9
2,445
695
14349
5,595
139
217
1,155
455
258
II
102
6
20
19
18
445
254
340
464
10
27
21
46
1,264
162
22
11
1
54
3
3
18
7
I
155
I
4
158
3
397
244
3
231
395
8
32
2
5
22
1
9
1,285
238
6,093
561
782
140
29
113
89
214
52
155
199
180
124
32
157
49
77
224
32
53
81
11
76
30
21
2
17
455
15
41
76
40
21
6
34
25
30
7
27
1
44
10
13
12
4
28
5
21
21
23
3
1,074
535
16,011
1,463
3,070
690
17
809
145
166
140
278
633
129
202
129
547
424
186
369
228
163
136
44
272
74
55
133
324
II
210
168
84
307
36
123
51
53
19
31
2
46
23
68
37
13
33
11
56
89
52
15
2,662
978
7
65
TABLE 19. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED
METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Pakistan
Peru
Philip-
pines
Poland
Soviet
Union
Taiwan
Trinidad
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Chicago, IL
Miami, FL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Boslon-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
San Francisco, CA
Houston, TX
San Jose, CA
Orange County, CA
San Diego, CA
Oakland, CA
Newark, NJ
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Dallas, TX
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Detroit, MI
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Atlanta, GA
Jersey City, NJ
Sacramento, CA
San Juan, PR
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Honolulu, HI
Fresno, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Baltimore, MD
El Paso, TX
Denver, CO
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Ventura, CA
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Orlando, FL
McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Hartford, CT
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Bakersfield, CA
San Antonio, TX
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Salinas, CA
Las Vegas, NV
St. Louis, MO-IL
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
8,698
1,732
347
644
110
716
86
75
406
178
130
40
176
110
82
132
262
44
157
114
202
75
149
111
65
124
II
27
25
22
31
86
1
22
40
19
17
44
4
42
38
55
27
19
II
4
3
24
38
82
1,414
325
9,177
1,393
661
169
941
725
70
231
113
98
167
51
148
426
762
55
312
33
55
105
16
255
68
343
14
17
131
9
5
30
25
29
38
2
52
70
40
69
67
3
127
12
19
12
31
22
5
33
16
3
785
226
53,535
3,423
7,476
2,391
223
1,111
210
2,882
760
1,984
1,152
3,199
2,340
673
591
475
283
1,196
241
955
317
123
168
697
538
1
360
3,258
191
105
250
227
206
47
127
200
440
75
149
37
71
67
61
81
280
116
42
297
505
153
448
7,108
5,104
121
28,048
5,665
191
11,098
55
103
250
47
35
59
71
58
77
1,026
1,481
465
692
103
36
26
570
133
135
368
19
418
4
41
30
55
68
4
76
111
5
52
22
299
968
18
173
4
31
111
2
19
25
2,321
427
1
63,420
18,157
7,710
2,885
315
1,079
1,967
2,395
267
728
134
426
408
720
534
1,868
200
1,861
421
119
734
163
572
73
1,984
320
22
163
718
1,679
123
1,394
7
603
85
16
77
44
2
195
282
44
981
5
38
245
24
40
439
I
9,039
1,113
I
10,032
653
2,342
224
34
333
118
317
330
788
555
142
347
133
109
104
110
183
169
142
52
21
92
34
53
187
73
18
49
36
54
50
6
36
22
19
14
35
1
22
12
57
47
3
16
12
13
29
28
6
1,440
361
I
6,292
3,256
79
25
230
307
131
9
83
3
9
II
6
179
63
180
193
10
24
13
4
276
40
61
4
6
48
I
II
2
12
113
I
4
46
75
91
2
25
19
18
15
I
4
9
3
5
447
138
16,326
1,424
1,077
448
156
389
581
478
378
294
284
219
234
196
131
457
208
220
188
124
222
255
334
57
44
5
151
46
45
146
130
178
94
13
160
308
83
170
317
3
192
68
64
75
23
59
39
26
80
77
17
4,113
1,246
41,345
375
3,118
621
31
1,952
1,068
552
2,051
3,706
2,936
1.141
923
116
II
711
56
1,771
913
310
64
81
1,400
93
759
95
342
79
621
725
294
107
8
429
343
70
45
323
149
795
89
II
62
17
65
81
320
259
10,029
1,139
1
Ranked by the number of immigrants. See Glossary for definition of melropolilan statistical area. - Represents zero.
66
TABLE 20. IMMIGRANT BENEFICIARIES OF OCCUPATIONAL PREFERENCES ADMITTED
BY TYPE OF ADMISSION AND OCCUPATION
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Occupation
Total
Employment-based principals
Total
1 St pref.
2nd pref.
3rd pref.
(skilled
worker or
profes-
sional)
3rd pref.
{other
workers)
4th pref.
5th pref.
All other
immi-
grants
All occupations
Professional specialty and technical occupations
Architects
Engineers, surveyors, and mapping scientists ..
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Health diagnosticians
Doctors
Others
Health assessment and treating personnel ...
Nurses
Others
Teachers (postsecondary)
Teachers (except postsecondary)
Counselors (educational and vocational)
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Social scientists and urban planners
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Lawyers and judges
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Technologists and technicians (health)
Technologists and technicians (except
health) ,
Executive, administrative, and managerial
occupations
Sales occupations
Administrative support occupations (including
clerical)
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations
Operator, fabricator, and laborer occupations
Fanning, forestry, and fishing occupations
Service occupations
No occupation ,
Homemaker
Unemployed or retired
Students and/or children under age 16
Unknown or not reported
- Represents zero.
804,416
67,286
531
10,799
2,782
3,105
4,726
3,913
813
11,818
8,447
3,371
4,536
7,468
175
225
725
4,296
848
5,707
825
8,720
62,723
25,174
119
4,782
1.791
1,903
1,027
831
196
5,715
4,362
1,353
2,021
943
43
59
140
3,350
74
1,337
198
1,672
26,931
10.149
13,024
749
21,590
1,536
24,518
2,125
67,486
1,761
15,606
161
50,646
7,280
472,344
6,029
106,989
353
103,357
1.553
261,998
4.123
8,097
2,546
5
204
187
685
202
169
33
46
46
561
111
1
40
3
7
494
5.551
6,807
5,804
32
2.023
605
692
571
502
69
230
88
142
869
173
13
18
57
25
40
92
34
330
847
18
75
28
2
32
44.985
7.759
38,879
13,264
81
2.536
998
524
249
156
93
5,408
4,258
1,150
539
560
27
37
38
90
27
694
162
1,294
3,525
692
1.320
1.555
936
113
4,338
5,431
341
1,348
3,742
7,705
4,136
80
5
2
1
1
15
9
6
3
20
12
I
19
62
29
74
298
788
40
2,765
4,647
3,473
1
12
1
2
2
2
16
7
9
46
79
2
4
5
3.229
44
I
29
45
7
64
243
37
5
145
579
7
193
379
49
157
7
2
119
3
3
1
19
5
12
2
741,693
42,112
412
6.017
991
1.202
3,699
3,082
617
6,103
4,085
2.018
2,515
6,525
132
166
585
946
774
4,370
627
7,048
16,782
12,275
20,054
22.393
65.725
15,445
43,366
466,315
106,636
101.804
257.875
37,226
67
TABLE 21. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Occupation
Profes-
Executive.
No occu-
Region and country
of birth
Total
Total
sional
specialty
admini-
strative.
Sales
Admini-
strative
Precision
produc-
tion, craft.
Operator,
fabricator,
and
Farming,
forestry.
and
Service
pation or
not re-
and tech-
nical
and man-
agerial
support
and repair
laborer
fishing
ported '
All countries
804,416
287,087
67,286
26,931
13,024
21,590
24,518
67,486
15,606
50,646
517,329
Europe
160,916
61,932
19,769
6,030
2,667
6,366
7,867
8316
1,621
9,296
98,984
Albania
1.489
635
161
9
5
8
110
194
18
130
854
Bulgaria
981
388
189
36
12
18
28
38
3
64
593
Czechoslovakia
874
344
157
44
11
31
29
22
1
49
530
France
2.715
1,149
422
307
44
104
47
41
6
178
1.566
Germany
6,992
3,195
986
444
251
630
148
190
7
539
3.797
Greece
1,440
515
180
63
25
28
46
61
26
86
925
880
17,256
2,305
350
12,041
936
178
2.940
275
48
1,239
196
9
694
26
29
2,038
57
24
1.465
52
21
1,412
101
2
253
2
39
2,000
227
530
5,215
Italy
1,369
Netherlands
1.239
616
251
147
28
65
34
20
17
54
623
Poland
28,048
2,169
16,054
782
5,765
51
136
33
543
18
1,320
37
3.987
182
2,065
181
1.069
84
1.169
196
11,994
Portugal
1,387
Romania
3,444
1.158
457
65
43
78
127
207
5
176
2,286
Soviet Union, former
63,420
11.012
3,174
466
432
699
711
2,917
15
2,598
52,408
Armenia
3,984
349
73
14
30
19
40
99
-
74
3,635
Azerbaijan
2,844
701
103
8
23
24
34
318
-
191
2,143
Belarus
5,420
813
196
14
40
51
60
225
1
226
4,607
Moldova
2,260
362
84
12
21
32
25
105
-
83
1,898
Russia
15,249
3,306
1.299
211
114
235
141
626
5
675
11,943
Ukraine
21,010
3,540
907
124
152
253
277
958
4
865
17,470
Uzbekistan
3.435
426
88
16
22
19
23
129
-
129
3,009
Other republics
2.264
420
144
26
7
22
22
105
-
94
1,844
Unknown republic .
6.954
1,095
280
41
23
44
89
352
5
261
5,859
Spain
1,418
1,140
877
517
448
450
238
177
187
77
142
113
24
15
13
51
29
38
34
17
26
27
13
13
6
2
2
60
53
58
901
Sweden
692
Switzerland
427
United Kingdom
16,326
8,290
2.857
2,028
363
872
584
396
48
1,142
8,036
3,405
4,498
1,346
1,706
454
670
90
347
37
74
72
162
119
97
264
133
40
15
270
208
2,059
Other Europe
2,792
Asis
292,589
95,156
30,280
13,699
4,371
6,828
5,511
12,947
6,442
15,078
197,433
Afghanistan
2,344
416
64
26
49
32
30
73
•7
140
1,928
Bangladesh
3,434
667
248
57
151
37
2
34
55
83
2,767
938
1.404
53.985
359
383
21,462
94
32
7.272
41
11
2,993
35
36
729
30
16
1,721
40
65
676
58
96
2,159
1
45
2.248
60
82
3,664
579
Cambodia
1,021
China. Mainland
32,523
Hong Kong
7,731
34,921
1,367
11,422
6,025
3.425
6.093
3.990
16.011
1.065
5.089
4.319
1.480
8.698
53,535
989
2.426
10.032
5,489
3.058
11.228
514
3.076
1.808
1.268
2,083
1,185
3.622
260
552
1,523
734
2,325
17.664
466
692
3.948
854
872
6,202
158
1,027
215
500
558
289
1,476
71
23
451
287
787
6,368
207
254
1,636
196
969
1,786
117
560
73
212
668
179
676
44
7
241
175
548
2,416
95
93
1,273
78
125
386
30
302
77
108
107
107
139
23
5
136
30
98
539
21
44
165
160
580
747
70
249
34
98
268
62
416
25
7
114
87
87
1,103
53
43
506
87
174
192
19
288
81
109
23
80
148
11
50
192
26
22
1,043
16
101
37
44
92
155
24
203
883
72
31
220
262
29
336
124
8
49
1,408
8
47
57
43
2
914
2
29
7
8
14
55
57
1
44
27
1
175
1.445
5
18
43
45
244
846
94
418
438
161
414
193
448
56
80
238
120
559
3,342
61
92
231
201
4,673
India
23,693
Indonesia
853
Iran
8,346
4,217
2,157
4,010
2,805
12,389
805
Laos
4,537
2,796
Malaysia
746
Pakistan
6,373
Philippines
35,871
523
- Syria
1,734
6,084
Thailand
4,635
Turkey
1,840
661
226
98
52
46
69
43
11
116
1,179
Vietnam
41,345
13.449
474
98
680
218
1,949
6,248
1.177
2,605
27,896
Other Asia
3,192
899
293
165
37
92
24
185
11
92
2,293
See footnotes at end of table.
68
TABLE 21. IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of birth
Total
Occupation
Total
Profes-
sional
specialty
and tech-
nical
Executive,
adinini-
strative,
and man-
agerial
Sales
Admini-
strative
support
Precision
produc-
tion, craft,
and repair
Operator,
fabricator,
and
laborer
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
Service
Africa
Cape Verde ..
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Other Africa .
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand ...
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Rep.
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad &
Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other N. America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Venezuela
Others. America .
Unknown or not rep.
26,712
810
3,392
4,355
1,458
1,017
1,762
1,074
3,950
698
1,737
2,144
4,315
4,592
2,049
1,007
918
618
272,226
16,068
111,398
104,804
897
14,727
51,189
13,333
14,349
6,292
4,017
39,908
772
1,205
17,644
7,389
5,265
5,255
2,378
48
47,377
2,318
1,404
4,491
1,640
10,847
5,906
7,662
789
9,177
2,427
716
) 0,168
172
1,336
1,425
563
434
524
475
1,778
248
445
953
1,815
2,154
1,029
452
491
182
101,188
6.850
41,682
37,261
353
5,640
17,770
3,607
6,032
2,247
1,612
15,369
284
364
7,612
2,599
1,720
2,158
632
26
16,488
1,007
484
1,611
528
3,925
2,098
2,317
124
3,388
712
294
3,284
21
599
149
159
153
133
79
847
80
21
471
572
774
494
30
222
28
9,910
2,929
843
5,086
66
570
2,247
558
838
520
287
1,040
51
63
158
201
189
234
144
12
3,269
360
90
499
162
604
222
380
27
568
288
69
1,262
4
260
60
36
93
37
76
145
22
18
223
288
363
223
32
96
12
4,178
1,861
428
1,386
35
160
640
101
191
141
118
494
16
30
43
94
106
142
63
9
1399
163
45
258
52
194
74
195
9
217
163
29
636
5
103
122
40
17
24
38
107
16
24
35
105
85
40
27
13
5
4,337
358
1,590
1,761
13
249
873
337
113
124
52
627
7
12
343
69
54
110
32
1
928
63
18
48
23
156
208
92
3
262
40
15
789
7
90
77
48
71
51
31
89
24
11
101
189
221
87
63
45
26
5,868
558
1,438
2,922
21
479
1,177
265
637
223
120
949
30
26
215
172
92
254
160
1
1,518
129
60
114
78
168
230
319
8
321
66
25
407
20
29
43
82
16
10
33
42
14
19
30
69
148
30
59
40
19
9,189
262
3,409
4,542
19
523
2,476
949
197
233
145
975
36
25
232
248
209
207
18
I
U96
96
57
88
44
52
346
400
20
243
12
38
1,506
85
72
531
38
20
112
48
128
21
238
27
186
147
47
37
26
37
39,736
384
22,069
11,789
27
2,702
7,710
519
364
324
143
5,494
39
136
2,609
1,159
740
740
71
4,834
82
53
169
58
2,373
483
450
11
1,022
85
48
94
2
5
5
26
2
6
5
20
1
65
14
28
3
20
7,058
41
4,738
2,075
2
29
1,272
441
278
16
37
204
10
7
57
81
27
20
326
10
1
27
7
20
58
165
4
23
3
2,190
28
178
438
134
62
151
165
400
70
114
62
388
351
94
176
46
35
20,912
457
7.167
7,700
170
928
1,375
437
3,414
666
710
5,586
95
65
3,955
575
303
451
142
2
2,818
104
160
408
104
358
477
316
42
732
55
62
1
Includes homemakers. students, unemployed or retired persons, and others not reporting or with an unknown occupation.
- Represents zero.
69
TABLE 22. IMMIGRANT CONDITIONAL STATUS REMOVALS AND TERMINATIONS UNDER THE
MARRIAGE FRAUD AMENDMENTS OF 1986 BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Country of birth
Total cases
processed
Conditional
status
removals '
Status terminated *
Total
For cause '
Failure to
show '
Failure to
file'
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
China, Mainland
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
See footnotes at end of table.
70
96,033
19,533
214
168
95
292
299
183
1,046
4,058
530
266
702
782
449
230
1,284
410
402
1,149
519
517
294
4,732
681
231
33,442
123
176
107
3,036
81
757
2,981
217
1,175
256
1,061
1,747
1,159
2,784
341
189
1,012
477
1,012
10,501
90
185
120
557
1,157
772
600
505
83
181
90,243
17,833
200
154
87
275
270
167
984
3,344
484
255
677
734
423
207
1,232
396
373
1,102
466
475
267
4,383
656
222
31,887
114
173
106
2,956
79
745
2,883
211
1,128
245
996
1,620
1,088
2,578
321
183
955
462
959
10,044
82
176
114
532
1,114
719
561
494
77
172
4,998
1,574
12
14
8
17
29
14
60
684
37
10
22
42
25
21
41
13
26
40
47
41
21
320
22
8
1,270
8
1
I
65
2
7
77
5
41
9
56
122
65
161
19
4
51
15
35
347
6
8
5
22
34
48
35
9
3
9
717
77
1
1
3
10
10
3
3
1
2
5
3
5
9
4
I
II
4
1
205
2
I
II
I
26
I
II
1
9
5
21
7
9
1
5
59
I
1
3
5
8
6
2
511
122
1
3
I
5
3
6
29
4
3
6
4
2
5
1
6
4
4
2
30
2
1
104
4
I
5
4
12
5
14
2
3
21
3,770
1,375
11
11
7
12
25
13
51
645
23
10
16
33
20
17
31
10
20
25
43
33
18
279
16
6
961
6
50
2
6
47
3
25
8
43
105
39
140
8
4
35
14
27
267
5
7
4
13
28
33
26
7
2
7
TABLE 22. IMMIGRANT CONDITIONAL STATUS REMOVALS AND TERMINATIONS UNDER THE
MARRL\GE FRAUD AMENDMENTS OF 1986 BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Country of birth
Total cases
processed
Conditional
status
removals '
Status terminated '
Total
For cause '
Failure to
show '
Failure to
file'
Africa
Algeria
Camaroon
Cape Verde ...
Cote d'lvoire .
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone .
South Africa .
Sudan
Other Africa ..
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New 2fealand ...
Other Oceania .
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown or not reported
6,146
126
120
179
175
851
359
301
240
162
809
1,395
230
355
141
703
1363
758
106
370
129
27329
3,444
9,651
10,163
165
214
85
5,156
116
382
2,215
85
86
1,307
352
4,062
112
374
772
634
863
546
761
9
8,196
480
173
1,423
383
2,129
801
589
1,413
115
580
110
24
5,779
124
108
166
166
792
342
291
220
142
779
1,305
211
335
133
665
1,220
666
98
342
114
25,737
3,218
9,037
9,716
153
207
81
4,908
113
363
2,119
80
84
1,285
323
3,757
101
340
724
595
801
510
686
9
7,784
447
159
1,351
363
2,017
761
571
1,349
108
554
104
306
2
11
13
8
55
10
8
15
15
27
76
15
16
7
28
131
82
8
27
14
1,368
196
562
361
12
7
2
191
1
13
84
4
2
19
26
249
9
29
41
35
50
31
54
334
30
10
58
17
86
35
12
56
6
21
3
15
105
3
6
3
12
2
4
6
II
12
27
10
2
1
273
9
55
172
1
4
118
1
6
32
2
5
3
37
1
4
8
4
7
7
6
52
3
2
8
3
11
6
3
13
1
2
66
2
7
4
7
3
3
3
3
7
14
5
2
2
4
10
167
15
58
70
I
I
1
42
4
1
24
5
6
6
5
2
42
3
1
8
2
6
4
2
11
2
2
1
135
2
6
1
36
5
1
6
1
8
35
14
4
16
116
74
6
23
13
928
172
449
119
10
2
1
31
5
34
2
2
10
22
188
8
25
28
25
37
19
46
240
24
7
42
12
69
25
7
32
3
17
2
15
Refers to removals of conditions on permanent resident status, established by the Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986, ' Refers to termination of conditional
status, rendering the alien deportable. ' Includes aliens who naturalized, died, emigrated, or were misclassified as conditional immigrants. ' Refers to apphcations
denied after an INS interview or because the alien was ineligible for removal of conditional status. ' Refers to aliens who applied for removal of conditional status
but failed to appear for the interview. ' Refers to aliens who failed to apply for removal of conditional status.
- Represents zero. 7 1
II. REFUGEES
The Immigration and Nationality Act, as amended by the
Refugee Act of 1980, governs the admission of refugees
into the United States. A refugee, as defined by the Act, is
any person who is outside his or her country of nationality
and is unable or unwilling to return to that country because
of persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution.
Claims of persecution must be based on race, religion,
nationality, membership in a particular social group, or
political opinion. Persons within their country of
nationality may be treated as refugees, provided that the
President, after consultation with Congress, declares that
they are of special humanitarian concern to the United
States. The definition of refugee set forth in the Refugee
Act of 1980 conforms to the 1967 United Nations Protocol
on Refugees.
U.S. Refugee Policy
At the beginning of each fiscal year, the President, after
consultation with Congress to review the worldwide
refugee situation, determines the number of refugees in
need of resettlement who are of special humanitarian
concern to the United States. The President then
establishes the authorized number of admissions for that
fiscal year. During the year, changes in the need for
resettlement may require revisions in the overall limit on
refugee admissions or reallocation among areas of the
world. The admission ceiling of 121,000 for 1994 was
established and later reallocated among the geographic
regions as follows:
Geographic
region
Initial
ceilings
Final
ceilings
7,000
45,000
53,000
9,000
6,000
1,000
Africa 7,000
East Asia 45,000
Eastern Europe / Soviet Union . 55,000
Latin America / Caribbean 4,000
Near East / South Asia 6,000
Unallocated, funded 3,000
Unallocated, unfunded 1,000
- Represents zero.
The authorized admission levels set the maximum number
of refugees allowed to enter the United States in a fiscal
year for each of the geographic areas of chargeability. The
.authorized ceiling was lowered from 132,000 in 1993 to
121,000 in 1994. An unallocated funded reserve of 3,000
was placed in the 1994 ceiling to allow for small increases
in one or more areas as needed without subtracting places
from other areas. The unfunded reserve was established in
1987 so that additional refugees could be admitted with
private sector funding. Cubans have been the major group
admitted with private funding, but this program has also
been used for small numbers of refugees from other
countries. No refugees were admitted in 1994 under the
privately funded program. The ceiling for East Asia
includes certain Vietnamese Amerasians, who enter the
country on immigrant visas. These aliens are immigrants
rather than refugees; however, they are included in the
ceiling since they are eligible for refugee benefits in the
United States. A total of 2,822 Amerasians and their
family members entered the United States in 1994. They
are not included in the refugee tables in the Statistical
Yearbook, but statistics on them appear in the immigrant
tables. The Amerasian program is ending, since most of
the eligible persons have already been identified and have
entered the United States.
During 1994 refugees were processed and approved for
admission to the United States by officers in twelve of the
Service's eighteen overseas offices. To qualify for
admission to the United States as a refugee, each applicant
must meet all of the following criteria: be a refugee as set
forth in the Refugee Act of 1980; be among the types of
refugees determined to be of special humanitarian concern
to the United States; be admissible under the Immigration
and Nationality Act; and not be firmly resettled in any
foreign country. Spouses and minor children of qualifying
refugees also enter the United States as refugees, either
accompanying or following to join the principal refugee.
Occasionally these family members gain refugee status
after arriving in the United States; this was the case with
277 people in 1994.
Under the Refugee Act of 1980, refugees are eligible to
adjust to lawful permanent resident status after one year of
residence in the United States and are exempt from the
worldwide annual limitation. When they adjust status,
their date of admission is recorded as their date of entry as
a refugee, so that the length of time spent in refugee status
is counted toward the residency requirement for
naturalization purposes.
Beginning in 1990, the administrative processing of
refugee applicants residing in the Soviet Union was
shifted to the United States, and the application procedure
was changed. This created a discontinuity with prior data
on refugee applications. Applicants from the former
Soviet Union are required to submit an initial
questionnaire to the State Department's Washington
Processing Center (WPC) in Rosslyn, Virginia. The WPC
establishes interview priority for applications based on
information supplied on the initial questionnaires and
schedules interviews in Moscow. On the day of their
interview, the applicants submit completed applications to
Service officers in Moscow. Since 1990, those
72
Chart F
Refugee and Asylee Initial Admissions and Admissions to Lawful Permanent Resident Status:
Fiscal Years 1946-94
Thousands
350 -I
300 -
250 -
200 -
150 -
100 -
50-
Initial admissions
Admissions to lawful permanent resident status
1946 1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1994
Major refugee programs
1949-53
Displaced Persons Act
1978-84
Indochinese Refugee
3/75-3/80
1954-57
Refugee Relief Act
Adjustment Act
1980
11/56-7/58
Hungarians paroled
2/70-3/80
Refugee-Parolees admitted
4/80
1959
Hungarian adjustments began
1/59-3/80
Cubans paroled
1981
1966-80
Refugee conditional entrants
1967
Cuban adjustments began
4/80-10/80
1985-87
Indochinese refugees paroled
Refugee-Parolee adjustments began
Refugee Act admissions began
Refugee Act adjustments began
Mariel boatlift
Mariel adjustments
NOTE; For the period 1946-56. admissions to lawful permanent resident status and initial admissions were the same. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
applications have been counted as filed on the interview
date. The 45,825 applications pending in Moscow at the
end of fiscal year 1989 were administratively closed and
forwarded to the WPC to receive a priority and interview
date; therefore, the count of pending applications declined
by this number between 1989 and 1990. The 45,825
applications were added to the pool of initial
questionnaires submitted to the WPC beginning in 1990.
The number of initial questionnaires received at the WPC
provides only a rough indication of the potential number of
applications, because a questionnaire may include more
than one person, and some people submit duplicate
questionnaires. Many questionnaires never result in formal
applications for refugee status because they greatly exceed
the yearly admissions allocated for the former Soviet
Union. During fiscal year 1994, the WPC received 55,880
questionnaires and scheduled 53,651 persons for
interviews in Moscow. About 15 percent of the potential
applicants did not appear for their interviews. Applicants
from the former Soviet Union who were elsewhere at the
start of fiscal year 1990 are still allowed to submit
applications for refugee status directly to other refugee
processing posts. Only 106 Soviet applications were filed
outside of Moscow in 1994, including 66 close relatives
who received refugee status in the United States.
Data Overview
The United States first recognized refugees for entry into
the country in fiscal year 1946. After that time many
different refugee programs were enacted on an ad hoc
basis, including the Displaced Persons Act and the Cuban
and Indochinese Refugee Adjustment Acts. During the
first decade of refugee programs, virtually all refugees
entered the United States as immigrants. Since 1957, most
73
Table E
Refugee Status Applications Filed and Approved and Refugees Admitted by Selected Nationality:
Fiscal Year 1994
Nationality
Refugee applications
Refugee applications
filed
approved
142,068
105,137
54,802
34,427
42,205
39,887
10,400
1,436
9,963
8,790
6,690
6,009
6,218
6,131
5,430
3,465
1,624
1,025
1,496
1,072
1,196
1,229
2.044
1,666
Refugee arrivals
Total
Vietnam
Soviet Union (former)
Haiti
Bosnia-Herzegovina ...
Iraq
Laos
Somalia
Iran
Cuba
Sudan
Other
114,471
33,204
44,095
3,674
5,991 '
4,900
5,999
3,508
954
2,904
1,253
7,989
' This figure is understated; Bosnia-Herzegovina was not coded in the first quarter of fiscal year 1994.
Source: Tables 24 and 26.
refugees either have been paroled into the United States
under special authority granted to the Attorney General by
the Immigration and Nationality Act, or have entered in
refugee status, to be adjusted to immigrant status at a later
date. Chart F depicts initial refugee admissions and
admissions to lawful permanent resident status for the
period 1946-94. This graph demonstrates the time lag
between initial admission and adjustment to immigrant
status. At the onset of parole programs there generally
were no mechanisms for adjustment to permanent status,
thus creating a recurring need for special legislation. The
Refugee Act of 1980 corrected this situation by providing
for routine adjustment of status by refugees one year after
arrival.
The number of applications for refugee status filed with INS
increased by 11 percent from 1993 (127,676) to 1994
(142,068). The leading countries of chargeability of the
applicants were Vietnam with 39 percent of the applications,
followed by the former Soviet Union (30 percent), Haiti (7
percent), and Bosnia-Herzegovina (7 percent). In 1994 the
number of applications filed by Vietnamese increased by
half over 1993 levels, while the number filed by former
Soviet citizens dropped by 21 percent. Bosnia-Herzegovina
and Sudan appeared for the first time among the top ten
countries of applicants (Table E).
The number of refugees approved for admission to the
United States declined slightly from 106,026 in 1993 to
105,137 in 1994. The leading countries of chargeability
were the former Soviet Union with 39,887 approvals,
Vietnam with 34,427, and Bosnia-Herzegovina with 8,790
(Table E). These three countries accounted for 79 percent
of all approvals in 1994. The number approved from the
former Soviet Union dropped for the second straight year,
following the downward trend in applications. The
number approved from Vietnam continued an upward trend
in 1994, although the percentage of successful applications
declined.
Refugee figures include spouses and children who are
being cleared to join principal refugees already in the
United States, and they count against the annual ceiling.
Because of these family reunification cases, the data
continue to show refugees being approved and arriving for
some time after active refugee processing has ended for
nationals of certain countries. Most of the refugees from
Eastern Europe in fiscal year 1994, other than from
Bosnia-Herzegovina, were family reunification cases, and
most of the caseload from Afghanistan and Ethiopia also
falls into this category.
More than 114,000 refugees arrived in
the United States during 1994.
Refugee arrivals into the United States rose slightly to
114,471 in 1994 from the 1993 level of 113,152. The two
leading nationalities were the Soviet Union with 44,095
and Vietnam with 33,204, comprising two-thirds of the
total refugee arrivals for 1994 (Table E). A drop in arrivals
74
from the former Soviet Union of more than 5,000 was
partially offset by a rise in arrivals of more than 2,000
from Vietnam.
The number of refugees adjusting to lawful permanent
resident status was almost unchanged from 1993 (115,539)
to 1994 (1 15,451). The leading countries of birth for these
refugees were the former Soviet Union (50,318), Vietnam
(27,311), Cuba (11,729), Laos (4,423), and Iraq (4,326).
These five countries accounted for 85 percent of all refugee
adjustments. The totals for the top three countries are
similar to those observed in 1994. The number of refugees
adjusting status from the former Soviet Union increased by
about 5,000 from the 1993 total, while the number of
Cubans increased only slightly above the 1993 level of
11,083. The number of refugees adjusting status from
Vietnam declined by about 3,000 from the total in 1993.
In order to adjust to lawful permanent resident status, a
refugee must reside in the United States for one year in
refugee status. For all refugees who adjusted status in
1994, the median length of residence in the United States
was 1.4 years. This analysis and others indicate that
refugees tend to adjust soon after they become eligible.
Nearly 84 percent of the 1994 refugee adjustment cohort
entered the United States in 1992-93. An analysis based
on arrival-year cohorts indicates that in recent years more
than one-fourth of the refugee arrivals have adjusted their
status as soon as they complete their first year in the
country. By the end of their second year, at least 83
percent have completed the process, and 93 percent have
done so by the end of their third year.
The leading states of residence for refugees (and asylees)
adjusting status in 1994 were California (29,284), New
York (20,846), Florida (14,108), Washington (6,330),
Texas (4,576), and Illinois (4,122). These six states
accounted for 65 percent of all refugee and asylee
adjustments. More than 24 percent of all refugees and
asylees who adjusted status in 1994 live in California, a
reduction from the 31 percent observed in 1993. The
leading metropolitan areas of residence for these refugees
and asylees were New York (18,807), Miami (10,995), Los
Angeles-Long Beach (7,895), Seattle (4,115), Chicago
(3,981), and San Jose, CA (3,900).
Data Collection
The Immigration and Naturalization Service collects data
on refugees at three points during processing; when they
apply for refugee status abroad, when they are admitted to
the United States, and when they adjust to lawful
permanent resident status. The INS overseas offices
collect data on applicants for refugee status. Each office
completes INS Form G-319, Report of Applicants for
Refugee Status under Section 207, which reports refugee
casework by the country to which each applicant is
chargeable.
Since 1987, INS data on refugee admissions have been
collected through the Nonimmigrant Information System
(NIIS). The system compiles refugee admissions by
country of citizenship on a monthly basis from INS Form
1-94, Arrival/Departure Record (see Non-immigrants
section). Since NIIS records each entry of a person with
nonimmigrant status, a refugee traveling abroad and
returning to the United States may be counted more than
once during the fiscal year. As a result, the data on
refugee admissions may overstate the number of initial
admissions of refugees for a fiscal year. The admission
data also include spouses and children coming to join
family members who were granted asylum status. A
comparison of NIIS data to data collected by other
agencies shows that for 1994 approximately five percent
of the total refugee arrivals recorded by the INS were not
initial admissions, but were refugees returning to the
United States or relatives joining political asylees.
Both the Bureau for Refugee Programs (Department of
State) and the Office of Refugee Resettlement
(Department of Health and Human Services) collect data
on refugees admitted to the United States. The Bureau for
Refugee Programs collects data through the
Intergovernmental Organization for Migration, which is
the agency responsible for arranging the transportation of
refugees to the United States. The Office of Refugee
Resettlement, which is responsible for the disbursement of
funds for refugee benefits, collects detailed data on the
characteristics of refugees initially admitted to the United
States.
The Immigration and Naturalization Service collects data
on refugees adjusting to lawful permanent resident status
as part of its immigrant data series gathered by the
Immigrant Data Capture System (IMDAC). The data
collected include demographic variables as well as
immigration-oriented variables (see Immigrants section).
This is the only stage in the refugee process where the INS
collects detailed information about the characteristics of
refugees in the United States.
75
III. ASYLEES
The Refugee Act of 1980 regulates U.S. asylum policy in
addition to governing refugee procedures. The Act, for the
first time, established a statutory basis for granting asylum
in the United States consistent with the 1967 United
Nations Protocol on Refugees. An asylee must meet the
same criteria as a refugee. The only difference is the
location of the alien upon application; the potential asylee
is in the United States or at a port of entry, and the
potential refugee is outside the United States.
U.S. Asylum Policy
Any alien physically present in the United States or at a
port of entry may request asylum in the United States.
According to the Refugee Act, current immigration status,
whether legal or illegal, is not relevant to an applicant's
asylum claim. An alien may apply for asylum in one of
two ways: with an INS asylum officer, or, if apprehended,
with an immigration judge as part of a deportation or
exclusion hearing. The data reported in this section
pertain only to asylum cases filed with INS asylum
officers.
over the adjudication of asylum claims on April 2, 1991.
The AOC was administered from seven sites: Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Newark, Arlington
(Virginia), Miami, and Houston. At year's end the AOC
was preparing to open an eighth office in New York City.
Applicants who do not live near these locations may be
interviewed at INS offices by asylum officers who are
visiting during circuit rides.
In March, 1994 the INS published proposed regulations
designed to streamline the asylum decision process,
discourage the filing of frivolous claims, and integrate the
work of the AOC with the work of the immigration judges
in the case of claims that do not appear to meet the
standards for granting asylum. The plan also called for a
doubling of the AOC in 1995. The final asylum reform
regulations were published in December, 1994 for
implementation in January, 1995.
More than 146,000 asylum
applications were filed in
the United States during 1994.
The asylum procedures in effect during fiscal year 1994
require that an INS officer interview each applicant and
consult with the Bureau of Human Rights and
Humanitarian Affairs (Department of State) for an
advisory opinion on every asylum case. No limits are set
by law on the number of individuals who may be granted
asylum in the United States in a fiscal year. An alien
denied asylum by the INS may appeal the denial to an
immigration judge during deportation or exclusion
proceedings.
Under immigration law, an approved asylee must reside in
the United States for one year following his or her
approval to be eligible to apply for adjustment to lawful
permanent resident status. One year of the asylee's
residence prior to adjustment is counted toward the
naturalization residency requirement. Although asylee
adjustments are exempt from the worldwide annual
limitation of 366,000 immigrants, the law places a ceiling
on the number of asylees who may adjust each year. The
Immigration Act of 1990 increased the ceiling from 5,000
to 10,000 per year, effective in fiscal year 1991. It also
waived the annual ceiling beginning in fiscal year 1991 to
accommodate the backlog of asylees who had met the
required one-year waiting period and filed for adjustment
of status on or before June 1, 1990.
Fiscal year 1994 represented the third full fiscal year of
operation of the Asylum Officer Corps (AOC), which took
Data Overview
The yearly number of asylum applications filed with the
INS has fluctuated greatly since the effective date of the
Refugee Act of 1980, as shown in Chart G. In fiscal year
1994, 146,468 asylum cases were filed or reopened. This
was a record high number for the third straight year,
although only a slight increase over the 1993 total of
144,166. Central Americans continued to account for a
large proportion of the new claims, as shown in Table F.
More than 34,000 new claims were filed by Guatemalans
and more than 18,000 by Salvadoreans; these two
countries generated the most asylum claims. China ranked
third, with more than 10,000 new claims, and Haiti and
Mexico accounted for more than 9,000 each.
During fiscal year 1994, the Asylum Officer Corps
completed work on 53,399 claims, an increase of 56
percent over the 34,228 cases completed in fiscal year
1993. The number of cases granted was 8,131,
representing 22.0 percent of the cases adjudicated. These
cases encompassed 11,764 persons given asylum, a record
high number. In fiscal year 1993, 5,012 asylum cases were
granted, which was 21.8 percent of the adjudicated cases.
In 1994, 5,983 asylees adjusted to lawful permanent
resident status. This number represents a decline of nearly
50 percent from the 11,804 asylees who became
permanent resident aliens in fiscal year 1993. The backlog
of registered asylees waiting to adjust status had
76
Chart G
Asylum Applications Filed with the INS:
Fiscal Years 1973-94
Thousands
1501
125-
100
75
50
25
J
41
A
il
0
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
disappeared by the end of fiscal year 1993, and the ceiHng
of 10,000 was sufficient to accommodate all who applied
during fiscal year 1994. Because more than 10,000
persons received asylum in fiscal year 1994, the ceiling
may be reached again in fiscal year 1995. The largest
group of asylees who adjusted status in 1994 was 912
Nicaraguans, followed by 721 Chinese. No other
nationality accounted for as many as 500 asylees adjusting
status.
Through 1994, approximately 94,000 individuals have
been granted asylum by INS under the provisions of the
Refugee Act of 1980. During the same period, 94,764
asylees have adjusted to permanent resident status. The
number adjusting status exceeds the number known to
have been granted asylum by INS because other
applications were granted by immigration judges as well
as by the Board of Immigration Appeals. In addition,
persons whose asylum applications are successful can
apply for their spouses and children to join them from
abroad, and these immediate relatives also adjust status as
asylees.
Data Collection
Prior to April 1, 1991, the data on asylum applicants
reflect cases filed with INS district directors; and
subsequently, cases filed with INS asylum officers on
Form 1-589 (Request for Asylum in the United States). A
centralized, automated data system (RAPS, for Refugees,
Asylum and Parole System) has been developed to support
the processing of the existing caseload and new asylum
applications. The system is designed to support case
tracking, schedule and control interviews, and generate
management and statistical reports. The system is capable
of reporting asylum casework according to the nationality
and other characteristics of asylum applicants. In addition
to cases granted and denied, the number of individuals
covered by those cases can be tallied, since one case may
cover more than one person. Data on asylum applicants
have been collected by the INS for selected nationalities
since July 1980, and since June 1983 for all nationalities.
As with refugees, the Immigration and Naturalization
Service collects data on asylees adjusting to lawful
permanent resident status in the Immigrant Data Capture
System (EMDAC) (see Immigrants section). Adjustment
to immigrant status has been the only point at which
detailed characteristics of asylees were collected in past
years. The RAPS system is now able to provide data on
selected characteristics of asylees at an earlier time.
Table F
Asylum Applications Filed with the INS by Central Americans: Fiscal Years 1988-94
Area of citizenship
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Central America 50,258
Nicaragua 16,170
El Salvador 27 048
Guatemala 6,384
Other 656
87,564
54,379
28,114
53,966
54,898
62,310
35,431
18,304
2,219
2,075
3,180
4,682
29,680
22,271
10,244
6,781
14,616
18,600
15,521
12,234
14,774
43,915
34,198
34,433
6,932
1,570
877
1,195
2,904
4,595
77
Limitations of Data
The figures shown here for fiscal year 1994 differ slightly
from preliminary statistics that were released by the
Asylum Division in October 1994. The data presented
here were tabulated from the RAPS system several months
after the close of the fiscal year and incorporate late
additions and corrections to the data base. About 4,600
cases that were entered into the RAPS system during fiscal
year 1994 had filing dates in fiscal year 1993; they were
treated as new cases in these tabulations. Other corrections
resulted in a drop from 333,647 to 331,389 in the pending
caseload as reported at the close of fiscal year 1 993 and at
the beginning of fiscal year 1994. Another change
between 1993 and 1994 concerns the identification of
applicants from the former Soviet Union. Their records
are being receded in the system to one of the succeeding
republics, so the pending number of cases from the "Soviet
Union" dropped and the numbers for Russia, Ukraine, and
others increased.
The tabulation for fiscal year 1994 contains a column
showing the number of applications that were reopened
during the year. Most of these are cases that were closed
without a decision at an earlier time. The number of
asylum applications filed is considered to be the sum of the
new applications received and the applications reopened
during the year.
Data on applicants for asylum collected by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service historically have
covered only cases filed with the INS. Information has not
been available on cases filed by apprehended aliens or
cases denied by the INS and renewed with immigration
judges, who are part of the Executive Office for
Immigration Review in the Department of Justice.
However, the data collected by the INS at the time asylees
adjust to permanent resident status include aliens
previously granted asylum by either the INS or the
immigration judges, as well as the asylees' spouses and
children.
78
TABLE 23. REFUGEE-STATUS APPLICATIONS: FISCAL YEARS 1980-94
Year
Applications
pending
beginning of year
Applications
filed during
year
Applications
approved
during year
Applications
denied during
year
Applications
otherwise closed
during year
Applications
pending
end of year
1980 (April-Sept.)..
1981
16.642
14,957
18,619
11,668
7,801
12,681
13,707
15,895
20,152
27,441
39,524
20,369
18,238
15,028
15,582
95,241
178,273
76,150
92,522
99,636
80,734
67,310
85,823
105,024
190,597
135,251
123,492
133,786
127,676
142,068
89,580
155,291
61,527
73,645
77,932
59,436
52,081
61,529
80,282
95,505
99,697
107,962
115,330
106,026
105,137
6,149
15,322
14,943
20,255
16,220
18,430
9,679
13,911
11,821
33,179
29,805
12,644
14,886
20,280
20,557
1,197
3,998
6,631
2,489
604
1,842
3,362
6,126
5,632
4,005
24,904
5,700
6,780
5,107
19,485
14,957
18,619
1982
1 1 ,668
1983
7,801
1984
12,681
1985
13,707
1986
15,895
1987
20,152
1988
27,441
1989
85,349
1990
20,369
1991
17,555
1992
15,028
1993
11 291
1994
12 471
NOTE: The Refugee Act of 1980 went into effect April 1. 1980. The pending beginning of fiscal year 1990 does not match the pending end of fiscal year 1989 due
to changes in the processing of Soviet refugees residing inside the Soviet Union. The figures beginning fiscal year 1990 exclude the initial questionnaires submitted
by refugee applicants residing in the former Soviet Union. Changes in the number of applications pending from 1991 to 1992 and 1993 to 1994 are due to revisions
in the data from reporting offices.
TABLE 24. REFUGEE-STATUS APPLICATIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CHARGEABILITY
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Geographic area
and country of
chargeability
Applications
pending
beginning of year
Applications
filed during
year
Applications
approved
during year
Applications
denied during
year
Applications
otherwise closed
during year
Applications
pending
end of year
All countries
Africa
Angola
Ethiopia
Liberia
Rwanda
Somalia
Sudan
Uganda
Zaire
Other Africa
East Asia
Burma
Laos
Vietnam
Other East Asia
Eastern Europe and
Soviet Union ..
Albania
Bosnia-Herzegovena
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia ....
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union '
Other Eastern Europe
Latin America
Cuba
Haiti
Nicaragua
Near East
Afghanistan
Iran
Iraq
Other Near East ....
Not reported
15,582
6,372
13
515
413
5
4,398
763
40
178
47
106
1
104
I
2,445
161
974
30
22
338
360
549
II
3,375
41
3,330
4
3,284
96
474
2,707
7
142,068
7,891
26
250
833
85
5,430
1,196
6
63
2
61,202
173
6,218
54,802
9
52,367
116
9,963
2
22
58
42,205
1
11,901
1,496
10,400
5
8,645
327
1,624
6,690
4
62
105,137
5,748
333
609
30
3,465
1,229
1
75
6
40,639
76
6,131
34,427
5
48,963
171
8,790
5
5
31
72
39,887
2
2,513
1,072
1,436
5
7,229
192
1,025
6,009
3
45
20,557
2,871
26
522
8
2,163
138
3
10
I
5,901
97
87
5,714
3
2,037
39
489
1,507
7,042
424
6,617
1
2,706
159
631
1,915
1
19,485
1,473
41
94
5
1,064
238
3
22
6
14,636
14,636
1,470
30
644
10
783
1,524
1,524
365
7
113
245
17
12,471
4,171
39
365
21
47
3,136
354
39
134
36
132
1
129
2
2,342
37
1,014
25
16
329
334
577
10
4,197
41
4,153
3
1,629
65
329
1,228
7
The Washington Processing Center, which handles tlie administrative processing of potential applicants residing in the former Soviet Union, received 55,880
pre-application questionnaires in fiscal year 1994. See the Refugee section of the text for further explanation.
■ Represents zero.
79
TABLE 25. REFUGEE APPROVALS AND ADMISSIONS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA OF CHARGEABILITY
FISCAL YEARS 1987-94
Geographic area of chargeability
1987
1988
1989'
1990'
1991
1992'
1993'
1994'
Authorized admissions
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
Unallocated Reserve
Approvals
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
Not reported
Admissions '
Africa
East Asia
Eastern Europe & Soviet Union
Latin America & Caribbean
Near East
Unknown
70,000
2,000
40,500
12,300
1,000
10,200
X
61,529
1,974
37,082
12,290
99
10,084
66,803
2,068
40,046
12,450
902
10,619
718
87,500
3,000
38,000
30,000
3,500
9,000
4,000
80,282
1,304
41,450
26,645
2,452
8,431
80,382
1,708
35,160
28,906
4,319
9,486
803
104,500
2,000
38,000
50,000
3,500
7,000
4,000
95,505
1,825
35,196
48,620
2,848
7,016
101,072
1,998
36,989
48,416
5,033
7,699
937
110,000
3,500
36,800
58,300
2,400
6,000
4,000
99,697
3,318
30,613
58,951
1,863
4,952
110,197
3,585
37,192
57,081
5,786
5,636
917
116,000
4,900
38,500
53,500
3,100
6,000
10,000
107,962
4,430
33,560
62,582
2,263
5,127
100,229
4,564
37,063
46,726
5,107
5,895
874
123,500
6,000
33,500
64,000
3,000
6,000
11,000
115,330
5,667
31,751
68,131
4,121
5,660
123,010
6,152
36,528
65,230
5,372
8,824
904
116,000
7,000
36,000
51,500
3,500
7,000
11,000
106,026
6,813
38,314
52,090
3,991
4,818
113,152
7,098
38,494
50,844
6,153
7,847
2,716
117,500
7,000
41,500
55,000
4,000
6,000
4,000
105,137
5,748
40,639
48,963
2,513
7,229
45
114,471
5,928
39,787
51,100
9,011
6,595
2,050
' The authorized admission levels for 1989. 1990. 1991, 1992, 1993 and 1994 were 116,500, 1^5,000. 131.000, 142.000. 132.000. and 121.000. respectively,
including 12.000 Amerasians in 1989. 15.000 in both 1990 and 1991. 18,500 in 1992, 16.000 in 1993, *id 3,500 in 1994. Since Amerasians enter the United States on
immigrant visas, they are not included as refugee arrivals in the INS' data. As a result, the authorized admission levels for 1989, 1990. 1991. 1992. 1993. and 1994 for
East Asia have been reduced accordingly.
^ Admissions may be higher than approvals because of the arrival of persons approved in previous years.
NOTE: Beginning in 1987. refugee admission data were compiled through the Nonimmigrant Information System. Since the system collects all entries of persons
with nonimmigrant visas, initial arrivals of refugees may be overstated.
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
80
TABLE 26. REFUGEE ARRIVALS INTO THE UNITED STATES BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Nationality
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All nationalities
Afghanistan
Albania
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Cambodia
China'
Cuba
Czechoslovakia
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Ghana
Hungary
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Liberia
Nicaragua
Poland
Romania
Somalia
South Africa
Soviet Union
Sudan
Uganda
Vietnam
Yugoslavia
Other
80,382
2,380
74
147
2,802
162
3,006
247
60
1,539
17
810
6,920
37
14,561
10
1,155
3,670
2,953
13
35
20,533
33
17,626
400
1,192
101,072
1,991
44
110
2,110
210
3,742
257
74
1,750
12
1,071
5,466
115
12,779
13
1,053
3,792
3,369
68
22
39,076
6
52
21,865
619
1,406
110,197
1,835
103
352
2,347
133
3,980
246
136
3,255
17
295
3,603
73
8,667
11
1,239
1,883
4,625
52
39
49,385
8
31
26,023
130
1,729
100,229
1,690
1,354
621
183
192
3,910
175
110
3,889
35
25
2,833
812
9,212
38
883
573
4,803
305
17
39,116
31
115
27,441
35
1,831
123,010
1,841
1,195
152
233
1,229
4,001
36
259
2,981
191
18
2,037
3,466
7,964
899
361
249
1,664
1,690
10
61,714
134
92
26,921
123
3,550
113,152
1,536
484
48
156
269
3,205
13
1,006
2,722
II
10
1,302
4,561
6,853
1,034
346
115
382
2,802
14
49,559
229
27
30,920
59
5,489
114,471
222
232
5,991
64
86
268
2,904
6
524
428
24
6
954
4,900
5,999
519
216
104
267
3,508
5
44,095
1,253
12
33,204
129 ■
8,551
' Data for Mainland China and Taiwan are included in China.
^ Excludes Bosnia-Herzegovina.
NOTE: Beginning in 1987, refugee admissions data were compiled through the Nonimmigrant Information System. Since the system collects all entries of persons
with nonimmigrant visas, initial arrivals of refugees may be overstated.
- Represents zero.
81
TABLE 27. REFUGEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS IN FISCAL YEAR 1994
BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Region and country
of birth
Total
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Before
1987
All countries
Europe
Albania
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Pakistan
Thailand
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa
Ethiopia
Liberia
Somalia
Sudan
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Caribbean
Cuba
Haiti
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Other Central America
Other North America ....
South America
- Represents zero.
115,451
53,921
727
172
552
202
251
918
50,318
372
409
43,656
1,413
553
57
1,813
4,326
4,423
82
3,074
27,311
604
5,205
2,339
729
1,471
340
326
12,422
12,254
11,729
516
9
154
7
54
93
14
246
33,086
10,918
88
46
115
42
30
115
10,050
362
70
17,163
381
56
19
435
1,940
800
25
573
12,736
198
2,103
691
305
778
179
150
2,848
2,800
2.370
428
2
47
3
16
28
1
54
63,883
35,566
508
97
371
133
101
382
33,764
7
203
20,228
894
162
28
886
2,344
1,723
51
1,349
12,498
293
2,672
1,315
423
682
122
130
5315
5,271
5,181
86
4
38
2
12
24
6
101
12,201
6,242
117
23
54
23
29
260
5,691
1
44
2,902
85
9
5
237
35
811
2
604
1,078
36
298
245
9
24
20
2,709
2,676
2,673
1
2
29
II
18
4
50
2,729
605
9
4
7
15
81
463
26
1,260
16
39
3
128
2
369
2
221
454
26
89
55
2
9
23
768
746
745
I
20
11
9
2
1,417
320
2
3
4
19
39
228
25
838
9
74
58
346
159
185
7
16
12
240
239
238
1
687
108
1
18
12
65
10
408
9
34
1
37
164
2
84
64
13
5
4
166
164
164
257
37
1
11
7
10
172
5
7
12
83
26
35
4
2
1,142
119
3
27
22
45
2
20
681
14
172
1
20
5
127
58
257
27
20
15
1
3
1
44
322
43
315
43
315
1
7
-
2
1
82
TABLE 28. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS DISTRICT DIRECTORS AND ASYLUM OFFICERS
FISCAL YEARS 1973-94
Year
Cases
received
Cases
completed
Cases
approved
Cases
denied
Cases
adjudicated
Percent
approved
1973
1,913
2,716
2,432
2,733
896
2,529
3,702
5,801
26,512
61,568
33,296
26,091
24,295
16,622
18,889
26,107
60,736
101,679
73,637
56,310
103,964
144,166
146,468
1,510
2,769
1,664
1,914
370
1,939
2,312
2,312
2,000
4,521
11,326
25,447
54,320
28,528
45,792
44,785
68,357
102,795
48,342
16,552
21,996
34,228
53,399
380
294
562
590
97
754
1,218
1,227
1,104
1,175
3,909
7,215
8,278
4,585
3,359
4,062
5,531
6,942
4,173
2,108
3,919
5,012
8,131
1,130
2,475
1,102
1,324
273
1,185
1,094
1,085
896
3,346
7,255
16,811
32,344
14,172
7,882
3,454
8,582
31,547
24,156
4,167
6,506
17,979
28,892
1,510
2,769
1,664
1,914
370
1,939
2,312
2,312
2,000
4.521
11,164
24,026
40,622
18,757
11,241
7,516
14,113
38,489
28,329
6,275
10,425
22,991
37,023
25 2
1974
10 6
1975
33 8
1976
30 8
1976. TQ
1977
26.2
38 9
1978
52 7
1979
53 1
1980
55 '>
1981
■jf, 0
1982
15 n
1983
30 0
1984
20 4
1985
24 4
1986
29 9
1987
S4 n
1988
iq 7
1989
18 0
1990
147
1991
33 6
1992
37 6
1993
21 8
1994
2'> 0
NOTE: The Refugee Act of 1980 went into effect April 1, 1980. Data for fiscal years 1982 and 1983 have been estimated due to changes in the reporting
procedures during those two periods. Cases completed cover approvals, denials, and cases otherwise closed. Cases otherwise closed are those in which the applicant
withdrew the case from consideration, never acknowledged the request for an interview with the INS, or died. Cases adjudicated cover approvals and denials. Since
April 1, 1991, authority to decide most asylum claims has resided with the INS Asylum Officer Corps. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
83
TABLE 29. NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS GRANTED ASYLUM BY INS DISTRICT DIRECTORS
AND ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Nationality
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992'
1993
1994
All nationalities
Afghanistan
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Bulgaria
China, Mainland
Cuba
El Salvador
Ethiopia
Guatemala
Haiti
Hungary
India
Iran
Iraq
Laos
Lebanon
Liberia
Libya
Nicaragua
Pakistan
Panama
Peru
Poland
Romania
Russia
Somalia
Soviet Union '
Sri Lanka
Sudan
Syria
Ukraine
Yugoslavia
Other
7,340
50
14
90
36
149
570
42
8
40
4
1,107
25
4
73
5
79
3,725
51
47
1
488
398
79
47
1
36
6
165
9,229
23
17
150
107
443
517
102
11
33
4
723
17
7
76
20
39
5,092
23
318
24
329
650
128
127
28
4
213
5,672
24
26
679
229
260
382
65
3
20
256
21
38
86
10
23
2,277
11
251
27
39
204
204
264
10
8
63
14
178
2,908
46
22
348
124
185
405
49
1
5
13
232
26
36
67
53
6
703
11
3
20
6
50
117
142
4
31
9
3
191
3,959
90
44
277
214
110
347
94
120
1
78
231
70
56
81
209
14
341
83
3
113
2
156
51
122
381
44
73
16
7
72
459
7,464
70
15
75
336
319
74
352
172
636
2
357
347
101
79
65
247
22
291
176
6
241
58
258
233
121
588
16
133
638
54
496
886
11,764
159
164
40
414
494
187
667
373
1,060
13
584
638
214
85
91
305
20
520
219
1
470
3
184
565
150
242
62
248
1,032
191
684
1,685
' The 3,959 individuals known to have been granted asylum were in the 2,740 cases in the data system. An additional 1,179 cases were granted asylum, but the
number of individuals covered and their nationalities are unknown.
" Beginning in 1992, some claims fded by persons from the former Soviet Union were receded under the new Soviet republics.
- Represents zero.
84
TABLE 30. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY SELECTED NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Applications
pending
beginning
of year '
Applications
Applications
Applications
Individuals
Applications
Applications
otherwise
closed
during year
Applications
Nationality
received
during year
reopened
during year
granted
during year
granted asylum
during year
denied
during year
pending end
of year
All nationalities
331,389
783
144,577
1,891
8,131
11,764
28,892
16,376
424,458
Afghanistan
198
5
86
159
68
28
804
Albania
497
309
5
28
47
59
7
717
Armenia
1,302
913
6
56
75
383
94
1.688
Bangladesh
4,629
3,670
12
64
87
240
96
7.911
Bosnia-Herzegovina
165
251
-
127
164
9
3
277
Brazil
529
1,296
2
2
2
93
27
1,705
Bulgaria
1,665
429
31
26
40
304
64
1,731
Burma
440
210
4
71
87
37
15
531
Cameroon
468
213
8
65
74
76
41
507
China, Mainland
17,655
10.839
32
307
414
704
439
27,076
Colombia
1,802
1,336
7
30
69
197
78
2,840
Cote d'lvoire
493
371
657
215
1
2
12
36
16
52
73
43
22
12
1,044
Croatia
497
Cuba
5,468
3.155
54
384
494
187
1 ,575
6.531
Czechoslovakia
337
174
2
2
2
25
6
480
Ecuador
661
2.431
-
4
6
62
32
2.994
Egypt
991
473
8
34
54
111
23
1,304
58,254
3,516
18.458
825
142
56
148
534
187
667
2,372
581
1,738
104
72,596
Ethiopia
3,178
Fiji
994
164
21
17
29
175
24
963
Gambia
391
682
3
1
I
39
19
1,017
Ghana
2,123
1.513
7
36
44
217
75
3,315
Guatemala
100,281
34,176
257
315
373
4,112
3,178
127,109
Guyana
486
737
3
1
1
36
5
1,184
Haiti
13,684
9,403
96
945
1,060
1,268
441
20,529
Honduras
4,403
4,318
67
78
92
829
576
7,305
7,502
4,415
93
523
584
1,123
358
10,006
Iran
2,503
508
45
416
638
230
149
2,261
522
145
3
110
214
38
16
506
Israel
592
252
3
15
29
58
16
758
Jamaica
463
821
-
-
-
40
33
1,211
Jordan
918
243
16
19
38
179
41
938
Laos
1,762
237
39
64
85
225
42
1,707
Lebanon
1,756
347
12
50
91
210
79
1,776
Liberia
4,587
761
38
206
305
274
91
4,815
Mali
720
390
2
3
3
30
6
1,073
Mexico
5,816
9,266
57
5
9
4.470
3.568
7,096
Nicaragua
22,594
4,445
237
313
520
1.521
808
24,634
Pakistan
6,592
4,053
7,466
3,262
2.855
2,291
61
30
93
157
265
51
219
470
76
836
655
1,741
309
280
327
8,613
Peru
5,738
Philippines
7,731
Poland
2,953
4,804
1,034
1,029
14
49
3
122
3
184
491
769
141
180
3,366
Romania
4,811
Russia
4,362
2.127
27
408
565
620
136
5.352
400
601
3
4
4
53
22
925
933
588
5,721
504
255
114
36
185
6
9
54
7
36
125
125
45
48
150
242
62
298
40
295
59
45
17
100
19
815
529
Soviet Union ^
5,291
Sri Lanka
573
Sudan
624
237
10
168
248
41
28
634
Syria
1,302
396
15
396
1,032
120
115
1,082
545
672
1
.
_
42
42
1,134
513
373
2
2
3
37
14
835
Ukraine
1,273
1,063
8
150
191
214
25
1.955
Yemen
608
244
4
9
11
71
12
764
Yugoslavia
5,003
1.306
39
416
684
426
92
5.414
Stateless
1,054
298
5
10
10
47
10
1,290
Other
9,968
7,324
78
506
750
1,339
533
14,992
' The total number of applications pending at the beginning of fiscal year 1994 is lower than the 333,647 reported at the end of fiscal year 1993 because of
corrections to the data base. * Some pending claims filed by persons from the former Soviet Union were receded under the new Soviet republics.
■ Represents zero.
85
TABLE 31. ASYLUM CASES FILED WITH INS ASYLUM OFFICERS BY
ASYLUM OFFICE AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Asylum office and state
of residence
Applications
pending
beginning
of year '
Applications
received
during year
Applications
reopened
during year
Applications
granted
during year
Individuals
granted asylum
during year
Applications
denied
during year
Applications
otherwise
closed
during year
Applications
pending end
of year
Total
Asylum office:
Arlington
Chicago
Houston
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
San Francisco
State:
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia .
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts ....
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina ..
North Dakota ....
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina ..
South Dakota ....
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia ...
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico ....
Virgin Islands
331^89
25,903
10,980
5,336
129,359
52,604
83,482
23,725
118
214
771
59
145,944
389
1,246
604
3,805
51,974
1,445
122
107
3,788
245
307
195
163
207
63
8,251
5,364
3,363
767
23
186
9
895
1,581
60
9,768
49
63,280
1,397
7
1,019
73
2,441
2,771
1,454
141
36
156
4,404
172
33
10,618
760
26
200
3
68
101
147
144,577
6,820
3,732
2,146
40,627
26,020
55,255
9,977
95
70
226
176
48,109
184
829
513
626
25,509
932
77
41
1,085
119
157
120
126
83
28
1,691
3,005
854
299
32
100
7
381
571
39
8,141
28
40,861
875
I
400
33
968
887
1,119
91
19
80
1,478
77
13
2,463
373
9
113
4
36
129
295
1,891
250
49
80
544
299
347
322
3
7
9
1
797
4
7
3
44
294
9
1
I
22
I
I
3
5
58
15
7
6
3
15
66
1
240
13
15
2
59
5
124
12
8,131
1,239
1,215
323
1,603
1,470
1,043
1,238
72
10
2,531
37
18
2
200
1,438
87
3
11
630
77
18
26
13
37
2
403
56
167
93
4
28
1
17
63
3
103
7
844
37
2
73
9
51
60
2
16
201
15
1
471
61
2
67
7
17
11,764
1,684
1,850
475
2,284
1,948
1,944
1,579
13
104
11
3,438
47
27
3
228
1,914
125
3
II
929
137
31
37
19
55
2
579
84
270
146
5
47
1
23
85
6
138
7
1,638
50
3
101
13
72
107
12
15
2
26
299
26
3
634
86
5
107
7
17
28,892
3,108
1,852
1,383
11,792
2,838
4,059
3,860
9
30
177
13
14,729
55
61
13
441
2,797
112
10
8
1,221
63
23
32
6
49
7
1,031
156
232
'95
9
31
48
223
7
751
7
3.024
114
I
95
18
167
128
14
6
2
29
1,207
41
1,360
76
4
89
12
2
57
16,376
1,810
471
424
7,815
3,590
1,080
1,186
9
31
5
8,721
9
19
9
257
3,563
38
8
2
246
8
I
1
3
10
2
592
41
106
26
4
9
11
55
123
I
894
37
58
7
101
35
5
4
3
6
372
22
3
844
22
"\
16
3
16
9
424,458
26,816
11,223
5,432
149,320
71,025
132,902
27,740
193
244
726
208
168,869
476
1,984
1,096
3,577
69.979
2,149
179
128
2,798
217
422
257
270
199
80
7,974
8,131
3,719
858
38
219
15
1,203
1,826
89
16,998
63
99,619
2,097
5
1,200
74
3,105
3,453
2,552
214
48
187
4,161
176
42
10,530
986
28
143
7
84
195
368
' The total number of applications pending at the beginning of fiscal year 1994 is lower than the 333.647 reported at the end of fiscal year 1993 because of
corrections to the data base. - Represents zero.
86
TABLE 32. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT
RESroENT STATUS BY ENACTMENT
FISCAL YEARS 1946-94
Enactment
Total
1946-50
1951-60
1961-70
1971-80
1981-90
1991-94
Total
Presidential Directive of 12/22/45
Displaced Persons Act of 6/25/48
Orphan Act of 7/29/53
Refugee Relief Act of 8/7/53
Refugee-Escapee Act of 9/11/57
Hungarian Refugee Act of 7/25/58
Azores & Netherlands Refugee Act of
7/25/58
Refugee Relatives Act of 9/22/59
Fair Share Refugee Act of 7/14/60
Refugee Conditional Entrants Act of 10/3/65
Cuban Refugee Act of 1 1/2/66
Indochinese Refugee Act of 10/28/77
Refugee Parolee Act of 10/5/78
Refugee Act of 1980, 3/17/80
Refugees
Asylees
2,976,521
40,324
409,696
466
189,025
29,462
30,752
22,213
1,820
19,800
142,103
520,107
175,147
139,253
1,256,353
1,161,58
94,764
213347
40,324
173,023
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
492,371
X
236,669
466
188,993
24,263
30,491
10,057
1,432
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
212,843
X
4
X
28
5,199
258
12.156
388
19,714
39,149
135,947
X
X
X
X
X
539,447
X
X
X
2
X
X
X
82
102,625
252,119
137,309
46,058
1,250
X
1,250
1,013,620
X
X
X
2
X
1
X
X
3
329
105,898
37,752
92,971
776,664
734,259
42,405
504,893
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
1
X
26,143
86
224
478,439
427,330
51,109
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions,
immigrant status.
X Not applicable.
Data for fiscal years 1987-88 have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted
87
TABLE 33. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1946-94
Region and country
of birth
Total
1946-50
1951-60
1961-70
1971-80
1981-90
1992
1993
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Estonia
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Cambodia
China'
Hong Kong
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Japan
Korea
Laos
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Ethiopia
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Cuba
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Other North America ..
South America
Chile
Other South America ..
Unknown or not reported
2,976,521
1,164,574
6,683
17,430
6,825
37,865
11,754
101,626
31,423
76,333
63,591
39.728
28,069
17,638
209,602
5,073
74,105
330,328
10,652
85,198
10,651
1,177,933
31,569
127,413
42,770
9,028
17,600
65,174
21,454
4,542
4,622
192,836
4,484
45,979
6,968
585,993
17,501
53,647
8,799
33,174
11,674
229
574,944
537,920
4,507
25,390
7,127
5,055
1,039
4,016
139
213,347
211,983
29
4,801
139
8,449
7,143
36,633
124
6,086
642
21,422
18,694
129
78,529
12
4,180
14,072
1
9,816
1,082
1,106
319
118
4
603
59
20
8
12
7
163
3
1
159
32
32
36
492,371
456,146
1,409
11,487
1,138
10,719
4,103
62,860
28,568
55,740
60,657
16,783
8,569
14,336
81,323
3,650
12,057
30,059
246
44,755
7,687
33,422
1
12,008
1,076
8,253
192
130
3,803
3,116
119
15
1,427
2
3.280
1,768
1,354
61
353
75
831
6
1
824
74
5
69
55
212,843
55,235
1,952
233
1,799
5,709
16
665
586
4.044
1.198
49
72
3,134
3,197
1,361
7,158
871
4,114
18,299
778
19,895
5,308
2,128
7,658
58
119
554
1,316
383
13
1,489
7
862
5,486
5,396
2
21
132,068
131,557
1
3
507
123
4
119
15
539,447
71,858
395
185
1,238
3,646
2
143
478
4,358
346
16
23
8
5,882
21
6.812
31,309
5,317
11,297
382
210,683
542
7,739
13,760
3,468
222
364
6,851
56
65
21,690
1,336
1,241
1,193
150,266
1,890
2,991
1,473
1,307
211
37
252,633
251,514
45
36
1,038
1,244
420
824
1
1,013,620
155,512
353
424
1,197
8,204
25
851
1,408
4,942
394
48
37
14
33,889
21
29,798
72,306
736
324
541
712,092
22,946
114,064
7,928
1,916
1,385
46,773
7,540
110
120
142,964
2,145
30,259
1.896
324,453
7,593
22,149
426
18,542
3,181
22
121,840
113,367
1,383
5,590
1,500
1,976
531
1 ,445
29
117,037
42,721
539
90
562
319
155
94
28
229
105
315
157
2
1.512
4.971
33.504
50
58
31
53,422
2.082
1,695
894
193
13
3,093
365
5
8,026
96
4,048
16
32,155
741
4,480
18
3,268
1,194
15,962
9,919
743
4,668
632
442
16
426
1
127,343
53,195
1,198
54
303
119
125
82
39
80
32
493
228
7
731
4
3,654
45,900
37
77
32
51,783
2,233
808
1,154
90
16
3,875
1,856
3
1
6,547
115
3,724
79
30,249
1,033
5,944
35
3,725
2,184
34
15,926
11,603
811
2,892
620
461
17
444
' Includes Mainland China and Taiwan.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. Data for fiscal years 1987-i
immigrant status. - Represents zero.
have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted
88
TABLE 34. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESmENT STATUS BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1987-94
Age and sex
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Total
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown age
Male
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown age
Female
Under 5 years
5-9 years
10-14 years
15-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Unknown age
Unknown sex
Percent distribution .
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
91,840
4,037
7,226
7,202
11,161
10,418
9,981
10,032
8,522
6,594
4,823
3,455
2,638
1,984
1,627
1,096
671
371
2
50,736
2,042
3,766
3,969
6,323
5,827
5,513
5,730
4,888
3,834
2,780
1,938
1,409
992
772
496
283
173
1
41,104
1,995
3,460
3,233
4,838
4,591
4,468
4,302
3,634
2,760
2,043
1,517
1,229
992
855
600
388
198
1
100.0
55.2
44.8
28.0
28.2
27.7
81,719
3,914
7,913
7,686
9,841
9,673
9,228
8,796
6,979
5,004
3,587
2,644
2,001
1,509
1,252
788
.501
391
12
45,148
2,038
4.170
4,162
5,748
5,619
5,114
4,941
3,940
2,798
2,035
1,476
1,083
764
578
325
201
1.50
6
36,571
1,876
3,743
3,524
4,093
4,054
4,114
3,855
3,039
2,206
1,552
1,168
918
745
674
463
300
241
6
100.0
55.2
44.8
26.0
25.8
26.2
84,288
4,712
8,933
8,425
9,426
9,279
9,333
8,675
7,381
5,155
3,397
2,719
1,955
1,705
1 ,485
755
529
395
29
45,348
2,424
4,700
4,496
5,432
5,168
5,108
4,575
3,981
2,820
1,957
1,462
1,035
795
658
344
211
164
18
38,922
2.284
4,232
3.928
3,991
4,109
4,225
4,099
3,398
2,334
1.440
1,257
919
910
827
411
316
231
11
18
100.0
53.8
46.2
25.7
25.4
26.1
97,364
5,315
9,662
8,839
10,237
10.067
10,831
10,250
8,764
6,527
4,032
3,360
2,611
2,309
2,090
1,144
734
569
23
51,843
2,794
5,057
4,718
5,835
5,748
5,884
5,281
4,629
3,507
2,213
1,787
1,382
1,043
929
492
304
232
8
45,475
2,514
4,599
4,118
4,398
4,313
4,945
4,962
4,132
3,019
1,816
1,571
1,228
1,265
1,161
652
430
337
15
46
100.0
53.2
46.7
Z
27.1
26.5
27.8
139,079
6,721
13,578
12,494
13,270
12,859
14,522
15,044
13,275
10,790
5,871
5,148
3,689
3,780
3,782
2,023
1,266
938
29
72,189
3,549
6,972
6,595
7,417
6,841
7,690
7,870
6,971
5,714
3,249
2,711
1,814
1,594
1,545
828
478
338
13
66,825
3,169
6,597
5,891
5,843
6,011
6,827
7,170
6,303
5,066
2,619
2,437
1,874
2,186
2,235
1,193
788
600
16
65
100.0
51.9
48.0
Z
28.7
28.1
29.4
117,037
5,760
11,304
9,250
12,224
13,280
11,895
10,738
9,170
8,078
6,130
5,207
4,008
3,481
3,002
1,655
991
819
45
60,583
3,062
5,766
4,913
6,724
7,131
6,381
5,487
4,640
4,079
3,293
2,726
2,037
1,630
1,295
702
395
297
25
56,415
2,698
5,534
4,336
5,496
6,145
5,506
5,244
4,528
3,998
2,834
2,479
1,970
1,849
1,707
953
596
522
20
39
100.0
51.8
48.2
27.8
27.1
28.6
127,343
5,563
11,496
9,971
11,6.54
13,869
12,094
10,703
9,151
9,068
7,949
6,294
5,491
4,747
4,281
2,443
1,.305
1,223
41
64,885
2,836
5,910
5,122
6,170
7,3.37
6,518
5,481
4,544
4,280
4,248
3,383
2,699
2,344
1,924
1,072
535
457
25
62,448
2,727
5,584
4,847
5,483
6,531
5,576
5,222
4,606
4,787
3,699
2,911
2,792
2,403
2,357
1,371
770
766
16
10
100.0
51.0
49.0
29.6
28.8
30.5
NOTE; Data for fiscal years 1987-88 have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted immigrant status.
- Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than 0.05 percent.
89
TABLE 35. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
Region and country of birth
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
95,040
104383
91,840
81,719
84,288
97364
139,079
117,037
127,343
121,434
54,978
Europe
14,008
11,868
9,684
11,418
18348
33,111
62,946
42,721
53,195
Albania
39
43
44
66
55
64
75
539
1,198
733
Bulgaria
14!
134
117
129
126
178
311
562
303
138
Estonia
-
-
2
1
-
5
9
155
125
176
Latvia
1
1
1
9
8
6
34
315
493
568
Lithuania
5
1
1
8
5
11
75
157
228
214
Poland
4,813
3,949
3,357
4,242
3,842
3,903
4,205
1,512
731
334
Romania
4,426
4,308
2,959
3,028
3338
3,186
4,276
4,971
3,654
1,199
2,638
58
1,654
32
1,242
34
1,642
26
9,264
23
23,186
23
51,551
66
33,504
58
45,900
77
50,756
Yugoslavia
506
Other Europe
1,887
1,746
1,927
2,267
1,687
2,549
2,344
948
486
354
Asia
62,035
58,685
52,600
56,006
56,751
51,867
49,762
53,422
51,783
45,768
Afghanistan
2,555
2,600
2,141
2,597
2,606
2,144
2.100
2,082
2.233
1.665
Burma
-
2
-
1
3
2
16
19
78
114
Cambodia
13,365
13,300
12,206
9,255
5,648
4,719
2,550
1,695
808
557
China Mainland
728
41
618
35
540
22
588
35
500
27
330
14
620
47
884
34
1,153
103
774
India
133
Iran
5,420
6,022
5,559
6,895
8.167
8,649
8,515
3,093
3,875
2,186
Iraq
951
367
310
268
191
141
193
365
1.856
4,400
Kuwait
7
5
-
4
4
4
11
13
114
94
Laos
8,921
7,556
6,560
10,348
12,033
9,824
9.127
8,026
6.547
4,482
Pakistan
59
68
65
101
142
157
166
129
185
181
Philippines
323
459
386
429
361
290
249
221
122
103
Thailand
2,349
3,240
3,751
3,587
4,347
4,077
3.603
4.048
3.724
3,076
Turkey
59
42
13
33
175
276
109
16
79
156
Vietnam
26,775
23,930
20,617
21,407
21,883
20,537
21,543
32,155
30.249
27,318
482
3,201
441
2,547
430
1,719
458
2,121
664
2,269
703
2,212
913
4,731
642
4,480
657
5,944
529
Africa
6,078
Ethiopia
2,762
2,102
1,425
1,723
1,784
1,682
3.582
3,268
3.725
2,730
Kenya
3
4
4
18
17
31
32
42
42
98
Liberia
2
2
7
6
7
26
42
25
239
851
Somaha '.
23
14
15
20
33
38
282
330
885
1,572
Sudan
180
121
83
80
97
60
184
369
443
402
Zaire
23
56
23
23
20
14
57
72
109
113
Other Africa
208
5
248
1
162
3
251
1
311
1
361
552
1
374
9
501
34
312
Oceania
23
North America
15,667
31,086
27,677
11,912
6,740
9,910
21317
15,962
15,926
14,204
Caribbean
15,090
30356
26,850
10,907
5,272
7,700
8,005
9,969
11,700
12,672
Cuba
15,080
30,333
26,817
10,846
5,245
7,668
7.953
9.919
11,603
11,998
Haiti
5
7
11
39
11
-
31
16
68
664
5
556
16
682
22
785
22
964
16
1,416
32
2,143
21
13,221
34
5,959
29
4,188
10
Central America
1,507
166
7
347
289
18
324
172
13
555
170
37
645
198
33
1,075
245
58
1,694
1.249
296
11,233
743
169
4,668
811
210
2,892
275
131
Nicaragua
966
36
51
45
112
110
146
443
379
275
135
Other North America
21
48
42
41
52
67
91
34
38
25
124
12
195
30
155
25
260
59
175
29
264
35
320
73
442
74
461
176
383
Peru
153
Other South America
112
165
130
201
146
229
247
368
1
285
230
Bom on board ship
Unknown or not reported
-
1
2
1
4
-
2
-
-
NOTE: Data for fiscal years 1987-;
- Represents zero.
i have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted immigrant status.
90
TABLE 36. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESTOENT STATUS
BY STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
Slale of residence
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and possessions
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Unknown or not reported
NOTE: Data for fiscal years 1987-
- Represents zero.
95,040
244
26
725
230
30,142
1,722
1,269
25
271
10,758
1,257
401
83
3,264
303
503
854
509
803
369
1,218
3,007
1.339
2,001
48
713
58
257
468
130
4,038
198
6,232
489
95
1,335
687
1,573
1,926
656
141
95
454
5,599
669
94
2,620
2,568
29
1,617
54
6
867
1
104383
308
53
764
268
32,680
861
974
9
178
21,886
1,413
377
188
2,769
272
148
514
100
1,008
335
1.123
3.016
1.165
2.119
177
647
24
151
461
84
5.489
112
6.185
446
111
1,439
552
1,143
2,055
702
95
41
537
5,241
485
41
1,772
2.731
39
938
7
16
134
91,840
236
44
633
150
23,907
831
1,011
22
139
25,003
1.475
166
131
2.829
209
495
221
263
837
242
1,044
3,415
1,124
2,598
174
571
20
115
251
153
1,076
102
6,402
386
51
665
366
887
1.857
576
80
100
621
4,433
410
76
1,813
2,841
14
675
14
76
2
81,719
230
33
593
194
27.423
591
933
39
169
11.257
1.047
449
159
2.366
229
534
530
210
928
119
1,062
4,169
1,071
1,594
191
684
43
137
243
113
1,632
151
6,259
666
40
776
307
881
2,466
476
124
59
591
3,495
492
81
2,052
2,722
9
989
2
14
95
84,288
182
41
655
190
36,136
705
788
28
225
5,750
787
320
125
3,231
113
331
991
129
706
137
1,062
3,758
1,164
2,251
121
510
23
104
248
120
2,335
133
6,289
470
26
1,164
247
912
2,343
469
62
67
512
2.703
306
29
1,808
2.161
8
1,251
62
97,364
127
27
682
76
38,507
578
1,162
48
295
9,145
989
255
114
3,419
130
467
291
66
470
165
1,242
4,724
1,221
2,656
124
534
9
175
358
139
1,339
26
12,871
337
70
770
214
1,315
2,983
395
67
52
448
2.866
364
85
1.692
1,605
5
1,578
6
4
77
139,079
136
72
890
122
45,594
1,342
1,767
107
508
15,064
1,777
261
139
5.679
433
544
508
84
898
281
2,148
5.289
2,384
3,027
80
908
131
221
464
189
3.141
142
22,105
649
42
1,375
204
2.624
3,953
635
130
196
525
4.911
513
139
2.403
2.194
31
2,011
4
6
97
2
117,037
94
56
608
99
38,261
1,114
1,111
39
408
14,035
1,467
245
169
4,411
248
445
691
348
938
141
2,275
3,461
1,916
2,338
120
692
61
143
377
227
2,603
166
14,097
684
49
2,734
404
1,746
3,827
488
74
176
668
3,957
363
68
1,891
5,063
1,302
3
16
120
127,343
118
62
973
150
39,516
1,106
1,116
47
355
14,344
1,765
241
146
3,906
457
654
623
286
660
131
1,497
4,303
2,596
2,678
66
1,029
61
663
400
155
3.188
215
16,986
887
180
2.378
258
2,619
3,748
385
150
213
869
4.862
441
67
1,766
6,018
6
1,868
1
1
133
! have been adjusted. The data no longer include Cuban/Haitian entrants granted immigrant status.
91
TABLE 37. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS BY SELECTED
COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Metropolitan statistical area '
All
countries
Afghan-
istan
Albania
China,
Mainland
Cuba
Ethiopia
Haiti
Iran
Total
New York, NY
Miami, FL
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Chicago, IL
San Jose, CA
Sacramento, CA
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
San Francisco, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
San Diego, CA
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Atlanta, GA
Detroit, Ml
Oakland, CA
Fresno, CA
Houston, TX
Orange County, CA
Dallas, TX
Baltimore, MD
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Denver, CO
Newark, NJ
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
St. Louis, MO-IL
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL ....
Nashville, TN
Jacksonville, FL
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Kansas City, MO-KS
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Merced, CA
Tacoma, WA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC ...
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Orlando, FL
Spokane, WA
Hartford, CT
Jersey City, NJ
Springfield, MA
Columbus, OH
Rochester, NY
Yolo, CA
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
New Orleans, LA
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
See footnotes at end of table.
121,434
18,807
10,995
7,895
4,115
3,981
3,900
3,406
3,345
3,109
2,885
2,660
2,551
2,444
2,416
2,109
1,885
1,839
1,780
1,734
1,663
1,596
1,469
1,091
1,022
952
876
871
717
660
647
615
612
602
594
526
513
499
480
468
455
446
439
415
414
392
380
377
348
346
345
16,364
2,383
1,665
184
137
84
10
57
14
171
14
1
III
I
10
42
356
37
I
13
43
I
13
26
7
14
20
1
1
8
23
227
II
733
173
2
7
20
39
21
67
10
1
5
18
61
4
16
5
4
18
10
9
16
37
17
17
6
26
1
I
103
19
774
422
8
59
10
13
19
3
17
9
39
5
I
2
6
2
I
15
2
74
21
11,998
123
9,555
191
20
51
4
2
22
19
42
6
3
14
12
4
12
4
25
10
19
1
2
2
72
1
2
2
248
3
6
1
30
219
38
86
4
279
16
127
20
552
137
2,730
21
4
120
336
81
88
2
456
84
37
114
124
29
21
152
2
70
33
48
13
112
9
3
51
2
1
42
10
12
25
20
1
20
II
1
24
4
6
2
I
1
69
18
7
394
43
664
49
144
I
48
3
30
4
19
17
23
65
I
49
75
9
75
16
2,186
113
2
1,309
23
38
100
13
51
12
20
3
17
1
15
2
28
8
7
23
11
15
1
16
6
2
1
2
1
9
10
251
48
92
TABLE 37. REFUGEES AND ASYLEES GRANTED LAWFUL PERMANENT RESIDENT STATUS BY SELECTED
COUNTRY OF BIRTH AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Laos
Liberia
Nicaragua
Romania
Somalia
Soviet
Union
Thailand
Vietnam
Total .
New York, NY
Miami, FL
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Chicago, IL
San Jose, CA
Sacramento, CA
Washington, DC-MD-VA
Boslon-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton,
San Francisco, CA
MA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
San Diego, CA
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA .
Philadelphia. PA-NJ
Atlanta, GA
Detroit, Ml
Oakland, CA
Fresno, CA
Houston, TX
Orange County, CA
Dallas, TX
Baltimore, MD
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Denver, CO
Newark, NJ
Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI
St. Louis, MO-IL
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
Nashville, TN
Jacksonville, FL
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Kansas City, MO-KS
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Merced, CA
Tacoma. WA
Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, NC-SC .
Salt Lake City-Ogden, UT
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
Orlando, FL
Spokane, WA
Hartford, CT
Jersey City, NJ
Springfield, MA
Columbus, OH
Rochester, NY
Yolo, CA
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL .
New Orleans, LA
Other MSA
Non-MSA ..
Unknown ...
4,482
22
62
6
7
464
8
7
3
710
43
47
8
18
57
76
890
2
6
20
1
1
32
152
1
10
2
12
181
27
4
286
2
6
4
4
10
8
8
19
937
315
851
114
3
8
9
19
1
75
II
60
5
74
7
2
19
16
29
26
12
60
3
1
1
35
19
20
1
1
3
1
I
201
5
966
4
526
90
2
13
45
43
3
23
19
6
14
3
5
3
15
20
95
12
1,199
115
5
42
73
190
11
46
25
10
3
13
1
73
15
20
77
25
17
42
12
7
13
15
6
1
45
4
9
4
30
2
11
1
1
1
179
33
1,572
U
35
93
40
41
159
130
119
329
23
37
99
6
6
8
13
2
40
1
1
6
12
23
68
6
155
56
50,756
16,721
256
3,479
1,714
2,507
549
1,939
585
1,616
2,144
631
312
1,582
1,611
481
604
294
88
172
53
311
1,263
890
509
624
517
370
20
54
44
268
223
137
394
2
190
74
180
67
25
287
235
37
314
185
223
277
68
5
5,020
605
3,076
5
15
35
5
10
319
1
19
4
472
20
11
5
4
46
70
640
2
9
13
104
2
3
181
3
214
4
3
1
1
4
6
1
671
158
27,318
231
18
1,861
1,353
379
2,835
515
1,362
874
259
422
779
526
490
1,169
46
652
59
1.247
1,392
569
68
65
283
40
48
213
556
245
86
84
182
146
51
3
7
272
278
170
156
235
127
67
67
74
24
28
252
5,640
732
1
Ranked by the number of refugees and asylees. See Glossary for definition of metropolitan statistical area.
- Represents zero.
93
IV. NONIMMIGRANTS
A nonimmigrant is an alien admitted to the United States
for a specified purpose and temporary period but not for
permanent residence. Although the typical nonimmigrant
is a tourist who visits for a few days to several months,
there are numerous classes of nonimmigrant admission,
ranging from students to ambassadors. A total of 22.1
million nonimmigrant admissions were counted during
fiscal year 1994 — the largest number of nonimmigrant
admissions to the United States in any year. This
represents an increase of nearly 672,000 (3.1 percent )
over 1993.
Nonimmigrant Admission
Nonimmigrants were first defined in the Immigration Act
of 1819, but the Act of 1855 was the first to require the
reporting of "temporary arrivals" separately. The Act of
1924 defined several classes of admission that have been
expanded in subsequent legislation. Though "tourists"
(temporary visitors for pleasure) have consistently been by
far the most numerous nonimmigrant class of admission to
the United States, a wide variety of temporary visitors
now fall within the nonimmigrant classification. Second
in volume to tourists are business people coming to the
United States to engage in commercial transactions
(though not for employment in this country).
Other categories of admission make up a much smaller
share of the nonimmigrant total, such as foreign students
and temporary workers. Nonimmigrants in the latter
category are admitted to the United States to perform
services of an exceptional nature (such as athletes or
entertainers) or to perform temporary services or labor
when unemployed persons capable of performing such
services or labor cannot be found in this country (such as
agricultural laborers). Others who are granted authorization
to work temporarily in the United States include exchange
visitors who enter to study, teach, or conduct research;
intracompany transferees, to render managerial or executive
services in the United States to international firms or
corporations; and industrial trainees. Though not strictly
considered as employed in the United States, treaty traders
and treaty investors enter temporarily to conduct trade or to
invest substantially in enterprises under the provisions of
treaties of commerce and navigation between the United
States and foreign states.
Nonimmigrants also include several types of temporary
visitors who are connected in some way with a foreign
government or who represent an international
organization. Ambassadors, public ministers, diplomats,
and consular officers serve temporarily in this country,
bringing with them members of their immediate families
as well as employees, attendants, and servants. Officers
and employees of international organizations such as the
United Nations add to the list of nonimmigrant visitors
entering the United States each year. The Glossary
contains a detailed definition of nonimmigrants, a listing
of each of the nonimmigrant classes of admission, and a
detailed definition of each class.
The U.S. government has had an "open door" policy for
most nonimmigrant classes of admission. There are no
restrictions on the total number of admissions each year;
indeed, tourists (the majority of nonimmigrants) are
encouraged to visit as a boon to the U.S. economy.
Regulations govern such areas as the grounds for
nonimmigrant admission, length and extension of stay,
employment in the United States, accompaniment by
family members, travel restrictions within the United
States, and change of admission status. For example,
ambassadors are allowed to remain in the United States for
the duration of their service, students to complete their
studies, visitors for business for a maximum of six months
(plus six-month extensions), and aliens in transit through
the United States not more than 29 days (with no
extensions).
Most nonimmigrants are not allowed gainful employment
while in the United States, though exceptions may be
granted, for example to students and to family members of
international representatives. On the other hand,
temporary workers come to the United States expressly for
purposes of employment. Most nonimmigrant aliens may
bring immediate family members with them; the exception
is transit aliens other than foreign government officials.
Transit aliens and fiance(e)s coming to the United States
to marry U.S. citizens are the only nonimmigrants who are
prohibited from changing to another nonimmigrant
category while in this country.
The Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986
revised the existing nonimmigrant class of admission for
temporary workers. Those allowed to enter the United
States to perform labor or services (if unemployed persons
capable of performing such labor or services cannot be
found in this country) were divided into two categories:
those to perform temporary agricultural labor or services
(as defined by the Secretary of Labor) and those to
perform other temporary labor or services. Data for these
revised classes of admission for fiscal year 1994 are
shown in Table 40.
Further revisions were made to nonimmigrant classes of
admission for temporary workers, and new classes were
94
Chart H. Nonimmigrants Admitted as Temporary Workers, Intracompany
Transferees, and Exchange Visitors from Top Twenty Countries
of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 1994
Thousands
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
NOTE: China includes Mainland China and Taiwan. Soviet Union includes all independent states. "Temporary workers and trainees"
includes admission classes H, O, P, Q, and R (see Nonimmigrant Admission section of text and Table 41). Also, see Glossary for definitions
of nonimmigrant classes of admission. Source: Table41.
95
established by the Immigration Act of 1990. Beginning
with entries during fiscal year 1992, the category
"workers of distinguished merit and ability" was revised
to "workers with specialty occupations." The number of
visas issued under this category was limited to 65,000
annually. Similarly, visas for temporary nonagricultural
workers allowed to work in the United States (if
unemployed persons capable of performing such
services or labor cannot be found in this country) were
limited to 66,000 annually. In addition to these and
other revisions to existing classes of admission (see
Glossary for detailed descriptions), new classes were
defined as follows:
♦ Temporary workers with extraordinary ability or
achievement in the sciences, arts, education, business, or
athletics; those entering solely for the purpose of
accompanying and assisting such workers; and their
spouses and children.
♦ Athletes and entertainers at an internationally
recognized level of performance; artists and entertainers
under a reciprocal exchange program; artists and
entertainers under a program that is "culturally unique;"
and their spouses and children.
♦ Participants in international cultural exchange
programs.
♦ Temporary workers to perform work in religious
occupations and their spouses and children.
Data for these clas.ses are shown separately in Tables 40
and 41 for fiscal year 1994.
Table G
Nonimmigrants Admitted Under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program by Country of Citizenship:
Fiscal Years 1993-94
Country of citizenship
1994
Visitors for pleasure
1993
Change
Number Percent
1994
Visitors for business
1993
Change
Number Percent
All countries 8,969,404 8,618,303 351,101 4.1 786,739 639,277 147,462 23.1
Japan 3,493,110 3,103,071 390,039 12.6 203,479 185,968 17,511 9.4
United Kingdom 1,866,451 1,876,990 -10,539 -.6 185,791 145,744 40,047 27.5
Germany 1,152,969 1,277,263 -124,294 -9.7 91,937 72,789 19,148 26.3
France 637,733 601,072 36,661 6.1 84,176 66,870 17,306 25.9
Italy 427,334 436,123 -8,789 -2.0 43,619 34,486 9,133 26.5
Netherlands 288,405 262,951 25,454 9.7 48,865 37,088 11,777 31.8
Spain 195,150 203,129 -7,979 -3.9 18,187 13,776 4,411 32.0
Switzerland 194,955 177,239 17,716 10.0 16,487 12,664 3,823 30.2
Sweden 119,910 126,802 -6,892 -5.4 27,644 19,520 8,124 41.6
Belgium 115,288 101,034 14,254 14.1 17,033 11,612 5,421 46.7
Austria 95,021 99,530 -4,509 -4.5 7,755 6,021 1,734 28.8
New Zealand 62,571 63,002 -431 -.7 6,696 4,824 1,872 38.8
Denmark 59,240 53,731 5,509 10.3 11,618 7,800 3,818 48.9
Norway 53,591 48,639 4,952 10.2 9,530 7,827 1,703 21.8
Finland 37,958 42,096 -4,138 -9.8 8,403 6,566 1,837 28.0
Iceland 6,623 7,126 -503 -7.1 734 616 118 19.2
Luxembourg 6,314 5,939 375 6.3 482 329 153 46.5
Liechtenstein 591 433 158 36.5 31 18 13 72.2
Brunei' 433 26 407 1,565.4 65 -XX
Andorra 369 401 -32 -8.0 21 27 -6 -22.2
Monaco 289 212 77 36.3 6 16 -10 -62.5
San Marino 234 163 71 43.6 10 7 3 42.9
Unknown 154,865 131,331 23,534 17.9 4,170 4,709 -539 -11.4
' Admitted July 1993. NOTE: Data include entries under the Guam Visa Waiver Program. - Represents zero. X Not applicable.
96
The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 also
authorized the establishment of a pilot program that
permitted certain nonimmigrants from specified
countries to enter the United States on a temporary
basis without nonimmigrant visas. The Visa Waiver
Pilot Program was originally extended only to approved
countries that offered a reciprocal waiver of visas to
U.S. citizens. The program is limited to admissions in
the visitor for pleasure and for business classes of
admission, with admission not to exceed 90 days. The
Immigration Act of 1990 revised the Visa Waiver Pilot
Program and extended it through fiscal year 1994;
subsequent legislation has further extended the program
through fiscal year 1996. A Probationary Program
portion of the Visa Waiver Pilot Program also was
established. Ireland qualified for probationary status
and was admitted April 1, 1995, until September 30,
1998; entries for Ireland will be shown in the next
edition of the Yearbook. To date, 22 countries are
members of the Visa Waiver Pilot Program. Entries for
fiscal year 1993 and 1994 are shown in Table G.
Under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program, certain visitors from
designated countries may visit Guam for up to 15 days
without first having to obtain nonimmigrant visitor visas.
The table below shows the countries participating in this
program and entries for fiscal year 1994:
Country of
citizenship
Visitors to Guam, FY 1994
For pleasure
For business
Total
114,676
670
Korea
79,568
453
Taiwan
26,917
66
Japan
United Kingdom ' ....
Australia
3,532
2,516
447
18
65
32
Nauru
311
3
Indonesia
160
3
Malaysia
Singapore
New Zealand
103
87
71
5
5
9
Solomon Islands
24
Papua New Guinea ..
Western Samoa
17
17
5
Burma
13
-
Vanuatu
2
-
Brunei
.
-
Unknown
891
6
' Includes Hong Kong.
- Represents zero.
Chart I
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Selected Class of Admission from Top Ten Countries of Citizenship:
Fiscal Year 1994
^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^;^/^^^^;^^^^^^
^^^^^^^^^^^^^:^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
V/////////////M
V/////////////A
^1 Visitors for business
VA Visitors for pleasure
I I Other
Thousands
500
,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
Source: Table 39. NOTE: China includes Mainland China and Taiwan.
97
In December 1992 the Presidents of the United States and
Mexico and the Prime Minister of Canada signed an
agreement, enacted in December 1993, as the North
American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This law
superseded the United States-Canada Free-Trade
Agreement, establishing a special, reciprocal trading
relationship among the United States and Canada and
Mexico. In regard to migration, this agreement extended
to the citizens of Mexico (with certain stipulations) and
Canada the nonimmigrant class of admission exclusively
for business people entering the United States to engage in
activities at a "professional" level. Additionally, the
agreement facilitates entry for Mexican as well as
Canadian citizens seeking temporary entry as visitors for
business, treaty traders and investors, and intracompany
transferees.
Entries under NAFTA began in February 1994. Data for
fiscal year 1994 are shown for both NAFTA and the
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement in Tables 40
and 41. For a detailed description of the provisions of
NAFTA, see Appendix 1, Act of December 8, 1993.
A record 22.1 million nonimmigrants
were admitted to the United States
during 1994.
Chart J
Nonimmigrants Admitted: Fiscal Years 1975-94
Millions
23
21 -I
19
17
15
13
11
i
i
i
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
NOTE: Data estimated for last quarter of 1979 and no data available for
1980. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Source: Table 38 and previous Yearbooks.
Data Overview
More than 22.1 million nonimmigrants arrived in the
United States in fiscal year 1994 (Table 40). Of this total,
a large majority (77.6 percent) entered as visitors for
pleasure (tourists), with the next highest class of admission,
temporary visitors for business, accounting for 14.3 percent.
About 394,000 foreign students entered the United States to
pursue a full course of study (predominantly in academic
Table H
Nonimmigrants Admitted from Top Fifteen Countries of Last Residence in Fiscal Year 1994,
Ranked by Amount of Change Since Fiscal Year 1975
(Numbers in thousands)
Country of last residence 1994 1975 Change
All countries 22,119 6,284 15,835
Country of last residence
1994 1975 Change
1. Japan
2. United Kingdom
3. Germany
France
China
Brazil
Korea
3,887
791
3,097
2,962
483
2,478
1,699
320
1,379
860
174
686
567
20
547
633
99
534
525
20
506
8. Italy
9. Venezuela ...
10. Argentina ...
11. Australia
12. Netherlands
13. Switzerland
14. Spain
15. Mexico
Other
556
113
443
445
98
347
406
88
318
433
121
312
389
79
310
358
71
287
295
47
248
1,714
1,977
-263
6,390
1,784
4,605
NOTE: China includes Mainland China and Taiwan. "Other" includes unknown and not reported countries.
Source: Table 38 and 1975 Yearbook.
98
Chart K
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Month and Selected Class of Admission: Calendar Years 1991-94
Thousands
2,400 -
2,200 -
2,000 -
1,800 -
1,600 -
1,400 -
1,200 -
1,000 -
800 -
600 -
400 -
200 -
0
Visitors for pleasure
/
I \
I >
• 1
• I
• 1
• I
I t
I \
I *
/ \
• \
I I
f 1
f I
■ I
I I
■ I
I I
I I
f
I
I
I
I
\ I
M
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«
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Visitors for business
/
/
Jan.
July
1991
Jan.
July
1992
Jan.
July
1993
Jan.
July
1994
Jan.
institutions) accompanied by nearly 34,000 spouses and
children. In addition, nearly 217,000 persons entered as
exchange visitors to study, teach, or conduct research in
the United States, bringing with them more than 42,000
spouses and children.
More than 189,000 representatives of foreign governments
(less than 1 percent of total entries) entered the United
States as nonimmigrants in 1994. This figure consists of
more than 105,000 foreign government officials, family
members, and attendants (including ambassadors, public
ministers, career diplomats, and consular officers), nearly
75,000 foreign representatives to international
organizations (including families and attendants), and
more than 9,000 officials serving the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) (including family members).
More than 47 percent of all nonimmigrants arriving in
1994 were citizens of only four countries: Japan (18.0
percent), the United Kingdom (14.1), Germany (7.7), and
Mexico (7.5). Tourists far outnumbered other classes of
entry for almost every country of citizenship (Chart I).
Nearly 89 percent of Japanese nonimmigrants were
tourists (visitors for pleasure), compared to just over 79
percent of citizens of France, and only about 62 percent of
Chinese (Mainland China and Taiwan) (Table 39).
Just as four countries dominated nonimmigrant admissions
to the United States in 1994, so did four ports of entry.
Miami (16.5 percent). New York (15.5), Los Angeles
(12.1), and Honolulu (9.5) together accounted for more
than half (54 percent) of all entrants (Table 42). The New
York, Los Angeles, and Honolulu ports maintained their
share in 1994, while Miami decreased from 17.5 percent in
1993.
As noted, the 1994 total of more than 22.1 million
nonimmigrant arrivals represents an increase of more than
672,000 (3.1 percent) from the previous fiscal year. Total
admissions numbered about 6.3 million during 1975 and
steadily increased to about 11.8 million in both 1981 and
1982. The number stabilized at about 9.5 million from
1983 to 1985 (recording a low in 1984) then began a steady
increase that continued from 1985 to 1994 (Chart J).
99
The overall volume of nonimmigrant arrivals has more
than tripled since 1975. Temporary visitors (mostly
tourists) arriving from Japan, the United Kingdom, and
Germany show the largest absolute increases between 1975
and 1994 (Table H). Canada does not appear on this list
and Mexico ranks low because most of the millions of
visitors from these contiguous countries enter under
expedited procedures and do not require visas or INS Form
I-94s (Arrival/Departure Record) when entering the United
States (see section on Data Collection).
Admissions have a high degree of seasonality, with most
nonimmigrants arriving in the United States in the summer
months (peaking in July); there is a lesser but noticeable
secondary peak in December. The trends for 1991 through
1994 are illustrated in Chart K.
Data Collection
The Nonimmigrant Information System (NIIS) is designed
to provide for each nonimmigrant a record of legal
admission and departure. The system also produces
statistics for such variables as age, country of citizenship,
class of admission, visa-issuing post, port of entry, and
destination in the United States. Many nonimmigrants
enter and leave the United States more than once each year
and the NIIS system records each entry separately.
A description of the principal steps in the process of
nonimmigrant admission to the United States is useful for
understanding the data produced by the NIIS system. First,
a nonimmigrant visa is secured at a U.S. Consulate abroad
(except for those entering under the visa waiver
program — see Nonimmigrant Admission section). Prior to
departing for the United States, nonimmigrants are
screened initially by the transportation company to assure
admissibility. During the trip INS Form 1-94 is distributed
to non-U. S. citizens. At the port of entry, each arriving
nonimmigrant presents a visa and a completed Form 1-94
to an immigration inspector. Among other actions, the
inspector checks the form for completeness, determines the
length of admission, and stamps the class of admission and
port of entry on the form. The arrival portion is torn off
and sent to a central data processing facility. The matching
departure section of the form, usually stapled into the
passport, is the nonimmigrant's proof of legal admission to
the United States. This section of Form 1-94, collected at
departure, is also sent to the data processing facility where
it is processed and matched electronically to the arrival
section of the form.
The Nonimmigrant Information System also includes
information on parolees {e.g., entering for humanitarian,
medical, or legal reasons), withdrawals, stowaways,
deferred inspections (allowed to enter to appear at an INS
Chart L
Nonimmigrants Admitted by Region of Last Residence: Selected Fiscal Years 1955-94
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1981
1985
1990
1994
Source: 1981, 1985, 1990, and 1994, Table 38; 1955-75, previous Yearbooks. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
100
office where formal inspection can be completed), and
refugees. Data for these classes of admission are not
shown in the nonimmigrant tables but are included in
summary form in footnotes to the appropriate tables.
The Nonimmigrant Information System does not include
data for permanent resident aliens returning after short
visits abroad, who are technically defined as
nonimmigrants, or for most of the millions of citizens of
Canada and Mexico who cross the border for brief periods
of time. Most aliens entering the United States from
Canada or Mexico do not require documentation in the
NIIS system. Canadians may travel for business or
pleasure without travel restrictions for a period of 6
months without obtaining nonimmigrant visas. Mexicans
crossing the border frequently may apply for border
crossing cards which can be used for admission to the
United States for business or pleasure within 25 miles of
the Southwestern border for a period not to exceed 72
hours.
Limitations of Data
Development of the current NIIS data base system
improved the collection and dissemination of data on
nonimmigrant arrivals and departures, but collection and
update procedures create inherent problems and limitations
in the data. As mentioned, the data system records arrivals
via collection of INS Form 1-94; thus, data represent each
arrival event during the year rather than the actual number
of individuals admitted. Nonimmigrants in several classes
of admission, especially students, intracompany
transferees, and visitors for business, often enter (and
leave) many times in any given year.
Also, inconsistencies in processing student records have
resulted in a substantial underreporting in the number of
student arrivals for 1991 through 1993. Continuing efforts
to improve the nonimmigrant data system have produced
revised student arrival figures for these years. Tables 38
and 40 reflect revised student arrivals as well as minor
differences in numbers for other classes of admission and
country of last residence.
Finally, there are gaps in the historical nonimmigrant data
series due to the unavailability of arrival and departure
records for July to September 1979, all of 1980, and for
most characteristics for 1981 and 1982. Data for country
of last residence and class of admission are the only
variables available for 1981 and 1982.
Chart M. Nonimmigrants Admitted as Students and Their Families for Top Ten
Countries of Citizenship: Fiscal Year 1994
Thousands
NOTE: China includes Mainland China and Taiwan.
Source: Table 39.
101
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-94
Region and country of
last residence
All classes ' (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990 =
1993'
1994 =
Visitors for pleasure (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990 =
1993 =
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany '
Germany, East
Germany, West
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Other Africa
11,757
4,537
58
118
1
5
62
42
441
754
66
13
11
102
264
5
217
84
41
33
6
10
144
174
183
1,669
29
6
2,290
4
III
3
75
88
21
17
6
131
1,372
17
77
15
26
33
28
100
57
27
8
21
18
6
35
225
34
6
6
8
54
3
61
52
9,540
3,129
48
67
2
6
59
37
358
5
537
51
13
8
73
240
5
139
71
46
26
5
6
103
121
155
923
22
6
2,627
4
183
5
101
85
32
40
2
115
1,555
14
91
22
19
40
28
107
60
37
7
28
16
11
24
177
27
6
6
7
44
3
40
45
17,574
6,875
108
137
7
16
105
107
742
7
1,186
61
23
14
108
402
10
291
114
72
40
15
86
245
299
296
2,338
36
10
4,937
6
329
7
176
125
47
18
6
175
3,298
19
235
18
13
44
41
143
53
54
8
45
34
12
31
186
27
8
5
11
22
5
40
67
21,566
8,907
168
190
9
27
109
77
868
1,896
63
34
19
137
584
16
381
113
50
54
13
124
331
241
341
3,023
17
22
5,713
12
520
8
198
126
60
13
1
191
3,555
14
407
21
12
52
34
177
71
70
8
72
43
18
33
211
29
8
1
11
21
5
73
63
22,119
8,646
156
199
10
23
111
70
860
1,699
66
39
16
156
556
16
389
114
52
51
16
143
295
224
358
2,962
12
52
6,286
13
567
8
205
140
66
12
1
203
3,887
15
525
22
12
59
36
173
74
79
8
85
43
22
34
228
31
9
2
12
18
6
84
65
9,515
3,601
49
91
1
3
45
31
341
618
37
10
9
88
189
4
165
50
34
23
3
4
109
135
150
1,388
21
4
1,704
2
53
2
54
57
11
12
4
102
1,155
8
29
8
16
21
18
60
27
19
5
12
11
3
18
130
21
4
4
5
25
1
45
23
6,609
2,048
34
39
1
4
36
24
226
3
373
34
10
5
55
155
3
82
41
40
18
3
2
64
71
110
598
15
1
1,866
2
83
2
64
52
19
33
1
80
1,277
7
26
10
12
19
17
59
31
23
5
15
9
6
14
101
16
3
4
4
25
1
26
22
13,418
5383
87
95
5
12
75
83
566
5
969
43
15
10
81
308
8
214
80
55
30
10
53
183
230
236
1,899
23
3
3,830
4
187
4
111
75
28
16
4
128
2,846
13
120
12
10
27
27
76
33
32
6
25
20
7
15
105
16
4
4
7
11
2
26
34
16,918
7,349
146
147
4
18
80
56
698
1.667
44
23
15
111
491
14
302
79
32
42
7
47
272
178
283
2,566
10
17
4,501
8
289
4
141
63
33
11
Z
142
3,177
9
270
13
8
29
21
94
45
42
6
44
25
10
17
127
16
4
1
7
11
2
54
32
See footnotes at end of table.
102
TABLE 38. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF LAST RESIDENCE
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-94— Continued
Region and country of
last residence
All classes ' (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990'
1993^
1994 =
Visitors for pleasure (in thousands)
1981
1985
1990 =
1993 =
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand '
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands ..
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic ....
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile -.
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Surinam
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown or not reported
379
230
5
109
34
2,817
135
1,768
614
9
Z
172
19
4
4
5
7
19
78
3
9
43
112
27
4
81
4
16
300
11
43
39
83
47
25
52
1
1,449
227
23
201
62
206
82
11
8
72
6
21
530
Z
60
365
255
6
90
14
2,189
154
945
774
12
Z
231
24
8
5
24
10
6
87
3
5
79
126
38
4
90
6
16
316
11
58
50
71
55
17
54
Z
832
89
17
200
40
164
53
11
6
59
8
10
173
Z
221
679
466
6
177
31
3,245
216
1,348
1,231
25
14
345
47
8
16
38
34
16
189
6
8
72
213
48
11
99
9
33
449
18
86
66
124
80
16
59
Z
1,343
175
21
393
75
164
75
10
9
124
12
21
264
Z
308
660
475
6
138
41
3,623
276
1,628
1,154
26
20
317
56
8
18
38
23
13
197
9
8
39
188
53
14
88
10
29
565
21
122
88
141
75
45
74
Z
2,043
371
28
564
122
218
92
10
15
153
6
36
428
Z
409
609
433
6
126
44
3,727
279
1,714
1,167
26
22
306
52
7
17
41
20
14
206
9
9
33
202
54
13
88
II
37
567
22
125
88
144
65
45
78
Z
2,203
406
28
633
131
238
102
12
16
148
5
40
445
Z
420
315
188
4
95
27
2,480
75
1,634
526
7
Z
163
15
3
3
4
5
16
65
2
8
30
93
23
3
70
3
12
245
8
36
33
74
32
20
42
Z
1,256
206
18
164
48
173
71
8
6
60
5
17
481
Z
30
282
195
4
74
9
1,664
79
773
584
9
Z
211
17
5
4
18
8
4
57
1
4
56
74
27
2
71
4
12
228
8
41
38
53
37
14
38
Z
606
66
10
148
28
123
42
7
3
44
6
7
122
Z
40
562
380
4
153
25
2,463
119
1,061
963
16
10
332
34
6
8
31
33
II
137
4
6
57
132
31
7
81
7
20
320
12
62
46
91
52
13
43
Z
1,016
136
14
300
54
122
57
6
6
97
10
16
199
Z
60
535
381
4
117
33
2,712
160
1,259
888
17
17
289
41
5
10
31
21
9
145
6
7
31
117
39
9
69
8
17
405
13
89
64
104
45
35
55
Z
1,593
312
18
446
91
162
70
6
10
102
4
28
343
Z
lOI
' Excludes classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System in the following years: for all countnes — 1985 - 64,487 parolees. 3,239
withdrawals and stowaways, and 68,044 refugees; 1990 - 90.265 parolees, 19,984 withdrawals and stowaways, and 110,197 refugees; 1993 - 123,628 parolees,
26,435 withdrawals and stowaways, and 1 13,152 refugees; 1994 - 1 1 1,403 parolees, 22,461 withdrawals and stowaways, and 1 14,471 refugees. = Includes arrivals
under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program. Data for fiscal year 1993 differ from data published in previous Yearbooks due to corrections in the underreporting of student
entnes and more minor adjustments to entries for other classes of nonimmigrant admission. See Nonimmigrant section of text. ' Due to revisions in data (notably,
student arrivals), numbers for fiscal year 1993 do not match those in the 1993 Yearbook. Revised data by class of admission are shown in Table 40. ■■ Prior to fiscal
year 1982 and after fiscal year 1990, data for East and West Germany are included in Germany. ' Includes Mainland China and Taiwan. ' Prior to fiscal year
1985, data for Niue are included in New Zealand.
NOTE: Totals may not add due to rounding.
Z Less than 5(X) arrivals.
103
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country of
citizenship
All
classes '
Foreign
govern-
ment
officials '
Temporary
visitors
for
business '
Temporary
visitors
for
pleasure ^
Transit
aliens '
Treaty
traders
and
investors '
Sti'.dents
Spouses
Tempo-
and
rary
children
workers
of
and
students
trainees '
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates ....
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Kenya
See footnotes at end of table
22,118,706
9,090,338
167,474
188,253
11,115
37,454
121,434
76,716
907,216
1,709,086
71,917
39,785
17,681
187,882
613,913
11,876
461,943
118,926
56.303
65,118
17,919
148,473
107,655
18,728
9,630
12,460
320,701
236,126
334,915
3,115,696
30,207
22,209
6,498,850
14,485
615,250
128,316
181,693
70.126
24,555
211,376
3,974,306
20,637
580,787
17,505
20,775
67,951
45,086
200,943
57,158
67,928
9,777
10,463
84,550
49.109
11.514
34.560
241,404
35,320
8,198
105,299
31,255
457
569
155
252
456
522
3,672
3,465
623
302
104
348
1,705
49
779
539
370
406
340
3,299
2,463
379
208
249
1,707
685
989
8,911
135
416
33,959
156
1,085
26
893
1,178
1
2,906
10,521
1,158
2,080
959
302
670
444
1,787
3,826
1.135
228
54
2.206
504
845
995
6,860
2,742
125
3,164,099
1,314,902
20.538
34,610
2,665
6,286
25,538
16,607
130,904
186,546
8,531
6,483
2,370
25,732
81,603
1,411
85,391
24,670
9,166
9,359
2,971
62,601
49,650
5,349
2,628
4.974
37.610
56.932
39,765
428,745
3,762
4,106
696,639
1,633
140,736
22,521
33,324
11.303
2.055
39.687
227.623
2.961
102,687
2,150
3,478
15.927
5,985
25,620
7,004
18,788
1,827
1,245
15,394
9,133
1,306
4,252
53,601
7.126
1.599
17,154,834
7,215,094
139.099
144.187
4.883
26.075
84.178
51,705
718,223
1,444,551
49,807
27,442
13,294
148,195
502,175
10,027
354,561
81,070
36,701
49,108
10,390
45,432
29,296
8,230
2,689
5.217
254.948
158,982
277,634
2,550,066
18,272
14,089
5,103,294
9,560
383,054
90,797
86,118
38,706
20,284
152.079
3.524.409
12.995
395.426
10,423
13,628
38,587
27,935
103,694
36,611
41,847
4,967
6,904
51,947
27.330
5.544
20,449
140,495
19,020
3,835
330,936
55,023
645
315
584
432
1,777
369
2,054
2,712
5,956
663
19
1,250
4,119
19
1,874
2,777
3,282
3,458
1,697
3,239
1,894
972
79
294
1,293
1,144
300
11,625
2,772
648
114,680
194
19,203
5,885
7,384
6,824
142
861
7,259
117
13,114
46
458
1,555
487
45,093
371
756
407
771
2,183
904
26
640
3,775
808
141,030
49,711
923
936
2
20
1,047
555
5,705
10,982
42
5
5
190
3,870
32
2,120
1,172
9
12
3
17
10
1,770
626
1,895
17,530
217
26
84,098
13
4,786
43
57
30
79
4,199
66,163
1
6,753
5
4
12
467
999
16
29
5
4
230
192
4
7
84
14
394,001
83,462
1,232
1,133
992
784
1,301
1,068
9,294
11,569
3,644
853
613
767
5,341
101
2,664
2,702
1,078
767
574
4.251
2.935
592
501
223
9,694
4,950
5,780
9,636
1,984
690
226,787
1,633
36,318
6,901
16,419
9,043
600
1,890
65,681
1,679
38,510
2,612
990
7,411
4,211
1.614
4,673
3,364
972
384
9,504
5,861
3,036
3,481
9,490
1.187
1,393
33,720
3,068
33
44
77
75
37
76
285
270
65
55
204
20
122
2
72
113
77
12
108
417
313
46
24
34
173
98
127
370
74
62
24,802
174
6,206
106
1,119
387
92
219
3,019
153
6,921
983
21
472
234
74
2.978
174
56
40
106
206
596
466
795
187
92
185,988
60,672
807
1,083
230
329
834
656
6,399
5,909
944
701
145
1,656
3,113
49
2,711
950
1.230
233
257
5.355
4,252
528
240
335
2,590
1,565
1,329
20,641
731
225
56,624
250
4,216
753
18,475
302
222
2,168
10.298
362
2.849
31
610
689
1,204
11,567
104
463
327
293
414
635
5
387
4,508
517
197
104
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country of
citizenship
All
classes '
Foreign
govern-
ment
officials '
Temporary
visitors
for
business '
Temporary
visitors
for
pleasure ^
Transit
aliens ■*
Treaty
traders
and
investors
Students
Spouses
and
children
of
students
Tempo-
rary
workers
and
trainees '
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Unknown
K,517
21,436
76,761
85,172
588,557
418,038
133,461
21,699
15,359
3,363,594
118,407
1,658,991
1,034,952
22,994
281,257
48,898
23,167
20,754
100,957
117,293
9,344
41,477
203,935
14,763
12,279
13,198
90,669
7,802
26,165
551,165
19,685
117,834
92,268
140,077
63,721
47,017
70,563
79
2,192,067
406,182
28,342
622,220
134,225
244,396
100,411
16,245
15,155
157,712
41,429
421,021
4,729
21,774
122,122
814
224
342
2,613
5,264
4,684
386
26
168
12,080
458
3,117
4,900
160
961
584
185
378
451
146
120
1,154
92
96
465
108
3,605
155
403
923
720
748
165
491
14,547
2,815
280
2,110
1,677
2,365
1,155
177
177
894
694
2,159
44
1,334
2,034
6,343
16,394
20,105
100,780
77,437
20,646
858
1,839
638318
24,223
317,107
188,258
6,810
28,452
10,334
3,725
2,460
22,248
20,929
1,827
5,863
53,137
3,039
3,340
3,934
15,239
1,269
5,652
108,716
4,776
24,400
17,927
28,562
12,949
7,772
12,330
14
338,727
53,341
5,580
84,764
26,196
47,144
16,077
4,208
2,362
23.042
6,917
67,860
1,236
2,645
18,487
9,566
11,626
53,386
43,062
452,356
314,559
106,705
20,404
10,688
2,458,683
10,687
1,275,849
778,734
15,033
247,232
36,296
19,098
17,504
72,832
80,648
5,670
33,476
130,437
11,346
8,129
8,101
69,418
6,407
17,107
393,351
13,399
86,013
65,031
103,827
37,966
34,903
52,212
62
1,677,747
332,152
18,419
492,157
96,296
175,447
75,744
9,509
11,001
101,539
30,652
331,888
2,943
18,267
88.898
145
213
527
1,994
5,175
2,671
370
87
2,047
77,896
634
15,255
31,966
546
325
739
57
63
2,021
12,688
1,489
1,289
6,809
41
555
827
2,411
56
2,050
30,041
797
3,543
6,076
4,621
9,820
2,957
2,227
68,083
4,427
1,915
14,788
4,487
7,152
3,531
1,465
660
25,027
1,329
3,052
250
583
5,721
13
6
20
31
420
390
25
2
3
3,765
3,123
278
124
6
1
1
12
14
16
1
24
20
16
2
11
240
1
99
12
12
65
14
37
2,598
881
186
167
21
994
10
5
128
27
104
75
3
351
801
620
945
4,544
2,989
1,982
535
289
183
43,637
13,368
14,773
10,387
269
3,243
447
260
14
579
455
94
242
1,954
250
113
149
1,400
51
867
5,109
273
800
555
730
837
313
1,601
25,246
2,795
743
7,370
848
3,721
1,773
201
335
1.754
185
5.442
79
163
2,227
16
48
109
343
178
119
45
2
12
2,351
626
1,189
348
1
157
7
5
3
15
22
1
3
58
3
1
48
3
21
188
8
55
9
62
22
11
21
2,295
228
30
689
150
228
90
6
18
88
45
723
3
228
174
630
1,543
1,447
5,168
3,823
1,269
19
57
44,611
11,131
17,832
13,714
65
459
112
3
61
1,907
1,273
16
160
8,737
41
22
11
748
4
95
1,934
34
376
391
279
309
88
457
13,551
2,242
162
3.301
877
2,198
403
171
31
1,487
123
2,542
14
40
814
See footnotes at end of table.
105
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country of
citizenship
International
represen-
tatives '
Represen-
tatives of
foreign
information
media '
Exchange
visitors
Spouses
and
children of
exchange
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
citizens '
Intra-
company
transferees
Spouses
and
children of
intra-
company
transferees
NATO
officials '
Free -Trade
Agreement
workers '
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates ....
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Kenya
See footnotes at end of table
74,722
27,543
497
1,191
186
180
701
526
4,718
2,681
353
273
126
493
1,727
30
1,512
525
354
298
287
2,531
1,939
171
292
129
1,065
980
519
5,166
396
228
15328
363
1,302
79
2,930
380
404
525
1,604
238
543
117
379
406
879
2,365
176
151
464
125
389
526
33
950
8,894
714
437
27,691
14,543
231
314
111
146
181
122
1,281
2,748
213
180
5
284
822
6
551
220
197
114
121
379
279
54
21
25
653
440
380
4,545
219
80
7,818
3
427
98
159
140
2
142
5,080
14
1,040
7
21
54
26
162
24
48
5
2
149
183
4
28
387
73
216,610
131,771
1,775
1,707
814
2,378
3,449
2,309
13,184
21,990
1,018
1,960
516
7,104
5,276
38
5,004
2,690
2,621
532
739
14,220
9,545
1,712
2,527
436
6,392
5,264
3,008
25,559
943
1,281
40,592
264
6,160
398
3,394
1,043
150
2,708
10,620
491
3,326
71
498
1,067
1,769
1,320
472
310
263
315
1,515
2,374
79
1,985
7,248
1,773
281
42,561
12,612
179
198
199
281
238
244
1,132
1,888
154
453
172
123
686
7
379
300
448
75
109
1,931
1,484
165
133
149
683
387
649
1,385
144
168
20,768
71
3.643
35
1,338
401
144
1,740
6,264
212
3,517
35
85
306
697
193
607
162
108
151
172
509
30
348
1,700
662
59
8,888
2,155
12
7
14
34
13
14
95
201
45
20
2
32
47
48
12
165
33
76
669
489
86
33
61
33
39
21
441
44
38
4,135
2
577
39
239
40
196
29
273
63
229
102
35
50
1,601
4
12
5
58
173
34
374
394
28
9
98,189
45,779
703
905
28
36
849
1,074
5,626
6,309
148
98
33
1.093
1,780
78
2,240
484
105
207
28
1,342
1,085
141
47
69
1,120
2,517
1,420
17.405
82
69
28,707
18
4,319
331
1,541
125
48
681
17,930
34
1,546
38
67
390
99
770
HI
353
34
13
66
137
1
55
811
117
19
56,048
22,667
227
578
36
35
299
625
3,449
2,916
51
70
26
410
759
22
1.185
239
70
87
24
983
758
101
56
68
474
1,203
805
8,003
68
23
19,820
11
1,749
222
1,028
151
59
597
13,476
49
1,168
18
34
260
98
340
138
236
17
23
44
66
1
35
672
108
II
9,135
7,552
8
240
I
3
313
1
29
3,375
272
3
I
17
362
4
430
324
4
386
2
135
5
9
1,612
6
2
573
37
4
15
4
3
15
4
33
1
I
1
2
18
2
6
9
414
3
1
23
4
30,870
106
TABLE 39. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country of
citizenship
International
represen-
tatives "
Represen-
tatives of
foreign
information
media
Exchange
visitors
Spouses
and
children of
exchange
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
citizens '
Intra-
company
transferees
Spouses
and
children of
intra-
company
transferees
NATO
officials '
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers ' *
Unknown
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Unknown
371
635
223
6,514
1,979
1,329
516
g
126
7,004
1,721
1,188
2,098
68
72
173
1
252
114
228
56
156
450
4
11
38
438
37
1,997
28
392
427
363
226
294
267
12,969
2,052
561
2,619
1,506
1,569
451
344
155
1,870
835
961
46
1,003
57
62
67
128
794
677
103
14
1,172
135
628
266
35
31
24
2
3
32
6
107
143
2
60
25
16
7
1
32
2,751
583
41
989
238
265
68
2
41
168
121
234
1
224
409
372
1,200
3,213
5,375
3.854
1,377
4
140
16,420
6,379
4,421
1,826
25
89
89
7
21
382
176
30
84
679
6
14
32
133
5
54
3,792
158
1,058
636
528
594
373
445
2
13,515
1,688
311
5,561
747
1,405
631
80
159
615
254
2,044
20
27
1,662
56
125
335
463
933
754
162
17
2,789
996
1,220
174
26
3
1
2
34
21
3
8
40
3
28
1
4
398
2
133
17
93
43
34
76
1
3,450
558
39
1,303
272
215
31
152
71
709
4
307
17
138
23
179
128
94
23
11
1,459
533
402
324
2
9
5
2
19
43
76
4
25
110
1
1
24
3
200
3
33
31
18
40
13
62
500
21
7
142
24
168
35
21
9
53
5
14
1
112
20
68
413
174
4,046
3,267
764
15
10,534
6,482
2,632
674
3
82
42
2
I
125
103
3
25
149
3
1
118
2
15
746
26
247
125
125
37
41
145
8,066
1,242
32
3,283
434
772
150
14
21
469
103
1,543
3
15
231
10
63
393
87
1,791
1,464
303
24
6,364
4,263
1,532
301
1
28
22
73
43
49
1
69
7
268
13
98
18
55
8
13
63
4,509
617
14
1,950
227
362
78
11
166
54
1,028
2
218
3
15
37
32
5
743
487
155
79
1
18
3
3
2
14
7
3
10
1
2
12
1
2
22
1
5
4
6
2
1
3
135
22
38
8
11
3
1
2
11
3
36
71
30,870
30,847
23
Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countries — 1 1 1,403 parolees; 22,461 withdrawals and
stowaways; and 1 14,47 1 refugees. ' Includes amvals under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. ' Includes spouses and unmamed
minor (or dependent) children. ^ Includes foreign government officials and their spouses and unmamed minor (or dependent) children in transit. ' Excludes entnes
of workers under the Free-Trade Agreements (shown separately). ' Includes Mainland China and Taiwan. A total of 453,751 nonimmigrant visas were issued in
these twocounmes m fiscal year 1994: 160,070 to Taiwan and 293,681 to Mainland China. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa
Office.) ' Includes minor children of fiances(ees). ' Entries under the U.S. -Canada Free-Trade Agreement ended December 31, 1993; entries of Canadian citizens
under this program dunng fiscal year 1994 were 5,529 (including spouses and children). Entries under the North Amencan Free-Trade Agreement began January 1, 1994.
NOTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission. - Represents zero. 107
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-94
Class of admission '
1981
1985
1990
199P
1992'
1993 =
All classes '
Foreign government officials and families
Ambassadors, public ministers, career
diplomatic or consular officers (Al)
Other foreign government officials or
employees (A2)
Attendants, servants, or personal employees
of Al and A2 classes (A3)
Temporary vistors
For business (Bl)
Visa Waiver, business
For pleasure ;B2)
Visa Waiver, pleasure
Transit aliens
Aliens in transit (CI)
Aliens in transit to the U.N. (C2)
Foreign government officials and families
in transit (C3)
Transit without visa (C4)
Treaty traders and investors and families
Treaty traders (El)
Treaty investors (E2 )
Students
Academic students (Fl)
Vocational students (Ml)
Spouses and children of students
Academic students (F2)
Vocational students (M2)
Representatives (and families) to
international organizations
Principals of recognized foreign
governments (01)
Other representatives of recognized
foreign governments (G2)
Representatives of nonrecognized foreign
governments (G3)
International organization officers or
employees (G4)
Attendants, servants, or personal
employees of representatives (G5)
Temporary workers and trainees '
Registered nurses (HIA) '
Specialty occupations (HIB) '
Performing services unavailable in the
United States (H2)
Agricultural workers (H2A)
Nonagricultural workers (H2B)
Industrial trainees (H3)
Workers with extraordinary
ability/achievement (Ol) '
Workers accompanying and assisting in
performance of 0 1 workers (02) '
Internationally recognized athletes or
entertainers (PI) '
11,756,903
84,710
NA
NA
NA
10,650,592
1,135,422
X
9,515,170
X
214,218
NA
NA
NA
NA
80,802
NA
NA
240,805
NA
NA
31,056
NA
NA
54,223
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
44,770
X
NA
NA
X
X
NA
X
X
X
9,539,880
90,190
21,168
67,084
1,938
8,405,409
1,796,819
X
6,608,590
X
236,537
138,957
1,804
7,010
88,766
96,489
65,406
31,083
257,069
251,234
5,835
28,427
27,747
680
57,203
8,316
6,989
271
40,397
1,230
74,869
X
47,322
24,544
X
X
3.003
X
X
X
17,574,055
96,689
22,018
72,511
2,160
16,079,666
2.661,338
294,065
13,418,328
4,528,112
306,156
153,801
1,296
6,190
144,869
147,536
78,658
68,878
326,264
319,467
6,797
28,943
28,490
453
61,449
8,256
8,110
376
43,104
1,603
139,587
X
100,446
35,973
18,219
17,754
3,168
X
X
X
18,920,045
97,833
22,743
72,965
2,125
17,234,400
2,616,335
369,861
14,618,065
5,600.296
364,456
174.603
960
6,613
182,280
155,049
76,952
78,097
343,238
335.623
7,615
31,182
30,499
683
64,451
8,157
7,280
463
46,913
1,638
159,714
2,130
1 14,467
39.882
18,440
21,442
3,235
X
X
X
20,910,880
102,638
23,519
77,099
2,020
19,229,066
2,788,069
527,655
16,440,997
7,971,149
345,930
168,289
1,035
7,581
169,025
152,385
71,796
80,589
368,686
360.964
7.722
32,601
31,988
613
69,947
8.439
8,898
412
50.674
1.524
163,262
7,176
110,223
34.442
16,390
18,052
3,352
456
258
3.548
21,566,404
102,121
23,783
76,393
1,945
19,879,443
2,961,092
640.397
16,918,351
8,624,006
331,208
173,149
796
7,923
149,340
144,644
65,362
79,282
370,620
362,700
7,920
32,652
32,103
549
72,755
9.032
8.962
362
52.856
1,543
162,976
6,506
92,795
29,475
14.628
14,847
3.126
3.105
964
17.109
See footnotes at end of table.
108
TABLE 40. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY CLASS OF ADMISSION
SELECTED FISCAL YEARS 1981-94— Continued
Class of admission '
1981
1985
1990
1991
1992 =
1993 =
1994
Artists or entertainers in reciprocal
exchange programs (P2) '
Artists or entertainers in culturally unique
programs (P3) '
Workers in international cultural exchange
programs (Ql) '
Workers in religious occupations (Rl) ' ....
Spouses and children of temporary
workers and trainees '
Spouses and children of HI, H2, and H3
workers (H4)
Spouses and children of Ol and 02
workers (03) '
Spouses and children of PI, P2, and P3
workers (P4) '
Spouses and children of Rl workers (R2) '
Representatives (and families) of foreign
information media (II)
Exchange visitors (Jl)
Spouses and children of exchange visitors (J2)
Fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens (Kl)
Children of fiances(ees) of U.S. citizens (K2)
Intracompany transferees (LI)
Spouses and children of intracompany
transferees (L2)
NATO officials and families (Nl-7) .
Professional workers, U.S. -Canada Free-
Trade Agreement (TC) '
Spouses and children of U.S. -Canada Free-
Trade Agreement workers (TB) '
Professional workers, North American Free-
Trade Agreement (TN) '
Spouses and and children of North American
Free-Trade Agreement workers (TD) '
Unknown
X
X
X
X
10,110
10.110
X
X
X
16.708
80.230
27.793
5.456
742
38.595
26.449
7.124
X
X
X
X
142,520
X
X
X
X
12,632
12,632
X
X
X
16,753
110,942
30,271
6,975
832
65,349
41,533
8,323
X
X
X
X
77
X
X
X
X
28,687
28,687
X
X
X
20,252
174,247
40,397
6,545
673
63,180
39,375
8,333
5,293
594
X
X
189
X
X
X
X
34,803
34,803
X
X
X
21,073
182,693
40,737
7,458
750
70,505
42,529
8,698
8,123
777
X
X
51,576
90
1,131
9
2,577
40,009
39,155
1
152
701
21,695
189,485
41,807
7,783
771
75,315
45,464
8,880
12,531
1.271
X
X
1.354
422
4.036
994
4.444
39,704
37.833
322
498
1,051
21,032
196,782
42.623
8.541
816
82.606
49,537
8,902
16,610
2,386
X
X
446
613
4,942
1,546
5.951
43,207
40,490
549
562
1,606
27,691
216,610
42,561
8,124
764
98,189
56,048
9,135
5,031
498
19,806
5,535
878
' See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission.
' Data for fiscal years 1991-93 differ from data published in previous Yearbooks due to corrections in the underreporting of student entries and more minor
adjustments to entries for other classes of nonimmigrant admission. See Nonimmigrant section of text.
' Excludes classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System in the following years; for all countries — 1985 - 64,487 parolees {Rl-3), 3,239
withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 68.044 refugees (RF); 1989 - 106.857 parolees (Rl-3), 20,605 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 101,072
refugees (RF); 1990 - 90.265 parolees (Rl-3), 19,984 withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5), and 1 10.197 refugees (RF); 1991 - 127.146 parolees (Rl-3). 26.059
withdrawals (R4) and stowaways (R5). and 100,229 refugees (RF); 1992 - 137,478 parolees, 25.839 withdrawals (WD) and stowaways (ST), and 123.010 refugees
(RE); 1993 - 123,628 parolees, 26,435 withdrawals (WD) and stowaways (ST), and 1 13,152 refugees (RE); 1994 - 1 1 1,403 parolees, 22,461 withdrawals (WD) and
stowaways (ST), and 1 14,471 refugees (RE).
' Excludes entries under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement and the North American Free-Trade Agreement (shown separately).
' EnUies began October 1, 1990 (fiscal year 1991). Data for fiscal year 1991 are underreported; an unknown number of HIA entries were counted as HIB entries.
' Prior to October 1, 1991 (fiscal year 1992). HIB entries were termed "Distinguished ment or ability." Data for fiscal year 1991 are overreported; an unknown
number of HIA entries were counted as HIB enuies.
' EnUies began in April 1992.
' Entries under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement began January 1989 and ended December 31, 1993. Entries under the North American Free-Trade
Agreement began January 1. 1994.
NOTE: "Family." "immediate family." and "spouse and children" are defined as spouse and unmamed minor (or dependent) children.
NA Not available. X Not applicable.
109
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of citizenship
Total
Registered
nurses
(HIA)
Workers
with
specialty
occupations
(HIB)
Other temporary workers
(H2)
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
Industrial
trainees
(H3)
Exchange
visitors
(Jl)
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic ....
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China '
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
, Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
See footnotes at end of table.
110
525,624
238,222
289
3,285
3,695
1,072
2,743
5,132
398
4,039
25,209
34,208
2,110
2,759
694
9,853
10,169
375
30
408
165
64
9,955
4,124
3,956
972
1,024
20,917
14,882
2,381
2,814
840
10,102
9,346
5,757
63,605
1,756
11
125,923
16
59
532
66
14,695
761
1,482
23,410
1,470
420
102
5,557
38,848
887
7,721
140
1,175
6,106
681
2
4
2
6
1
3
129
2
14
3
2
I
3
3
3
4
4
482
1
4,627
12
10
103
6
13
4
35
105,899
38,941
9
425
759
152
169
636
17
430
4,548
4,042
604
334
120
805
2,107
30
6
38
46
3
2,068
554
718
150
183
2,104
1,674
198
108
124
1,693
1,129
817
13,696
546
3
41,186
3
4
208
1
2,721
74
599
16,948
231
200
66
1,897
7,317
284
1,481
25
509
13,185
45
3
11
1
21
69
34
15,687
1,553
29
60
107
I
14
75
4
34
40
146
27
71
21
1
106
37
42
14
2
87
62
20
2
3
9
103
170
326
27
4,076
476
9
52
23
1
13
1,227
1
656
4
1
3,075
1,330
17
11
7
6
28
2
32
186
190
2
7
5
29
107
1
17
116
25
34
7
5
92
65
19
1
7
83
22
101
186
12
1,107
216,610
131,771
242
1,775
1,707
814
2,378
3,449
340
2,309
13,184
21,990
1,018
1,960
516
7,104
5,276
316
15
313
38
48
5,004
2,690
2,621
532
739
14,220
9,545
1,712
2,527
436
6,392
5.264
3.008
25.559
943
7
40,592
-
48
1
264
-
42
78
6,160
-
570
7
398
38
3,394
14
1,043
1
150
-
11
15
2.708
764
10,620
1
491
127
3,326
-
71
-
498
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Total
Registered
nurses
(HIA)
Workers
with
specialty
occupations
(HIB)
Other temporary workers
(H2)
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
Industrial
trainees
(H3)
Exchange
visitors
(Jl)
Macau
Malaysia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia ,
Singapore ,
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen ,
Other Asia
Africa
Algeria
Botswana
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cote d'lviore
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Liberia
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda
Zaire
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa ,
Oceania ,
Australia ,
Fiji
New Zealand ,
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
See footnotes at end of table.
5
2,146
270
739
3,072
13,657
117
687
1,126
624
621
1,995
3,146
85
127
79
86
12,567
209
168
200
40
359
2,407
247
44
476
165
497
47
132
40
603
146
1,070
344
67
3,156
77
353
44
105
188
156
140
257
830
14,589
10,944
80
3,410
23
26
13
93
5
4,414
1
1
14
187
2
11
2
2
1
9
80
2
72
1
1
282
149
133
629
37
4
1,087
5,098
3
79
435
285
187
198
546
3
4
9
14
2,986
59
6
45
47
411
54
6
79
8
156
21
4
10
81
41
351
47
27
1,240
31
43
1
19
34
24
28
49
64
3399
2,676
15
699
2
1
3
3
29
103
23
80
19
2
9
1,566
1
5
10
40
28
335
224
1
110
3
23
5
5
2
9
6
36
4
4
II
1
42
31
10
1
5
1,067
205
734
1,769
1,320
112
472
310
263
315
1,515
2,374
79
116
69
65
7,248
127
162
121
37
148
1,773
146
34
328
91
281
17
70
27
409
77
372
204
34
1,200
40
289
43
81
126
65
76
165
705
5375
3,854
48
1,377
4
19
4
69
111
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Total
Registered
nurses
(HIA)
Workers
with
specialty
occupations
(HIB)
Other temporary workers
(H2)
Agricultural
(H2A)
Non-
agricultural
(H2B)
Industrial
trainees
(H3)
Exchange
visitors
(Jl)
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Netherland Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands ..
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Stateless
Unknown
96,402
48,818
24,896
16,214
3
93
9
630
243
66
9
12
83
2,414
1,552
49
15
269
9,565
13
50
37
43
48
999
11
1
6,472
218
1,681
1,152
932
940
502
1,047
2
35,132
5,172
505
12,145
2,058
4,375
1,184
265
211
2,571
37
480
6,129
82
2,707
279
41
35
200
42
4
->
3
1
1
112
35
47
2
6
10
9
15
9,478
3,527
3,256
1,630
2
41
4
183
90
32
2
2
5
199
199
12
1
23
400
4
33
7
4
10
375
2
1,065
22
281
152
121
126
48
315
9,547
1,768
115
2,354
672
1,236
317
101
28
1,049
13
93
1,801
25
337
12,679
514
6,082
6,077
192
5,870
273
1
39
232
9,143
3,932
3,524
1,476
302
169
1
1
980
15
211
31
7
23
72
5
73
465
52
17
23
103
33
2
46
3
186
75
430
92
258
63
15
4
5
13
14
1
2
17
4
2
3
4
1
3
116
2
30
50
15
1
4
14
14
16,420
6.379
4,421
1,826
1
25
2
89
89
10
4
7
21
382
176
30
8
84
679
3
6
14
32
26
133
5
3,792
158
1,058
636
528
594
373
445
2
13,515
1,688
311
5,561
747
1,405
631
80
159
615
20
254
2,044
27
1,662
See footnotes at end of table.
112
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Workers
with
extraordinary
ability or
achievement
(Ol)
Workers
accom-
panying and
assisting in
performance
ofOl
workers
(02)
Inter-
nationally
recognized
athletes or
entertainers
(PI)
Artists or
entertainers
in reciprocal
exchange
programs
(P2)
Artists or
entertainers
in culturally
unique
programs
(P3)
Workers
in inter-
national
cultural
exchange
programs
(Ql)
Workers in
religious
occupations
(Rl)
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers
(TC, TN) '
All countries
Europe
Albania
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic ....
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China '
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
See footnotes at end of table.
5,029
3,347
76
17
2
22
59
7
22
299
243
7
104
11
69
254
4
3
1
137
26
34
19
6
239
190
19
11
19
146
74
78
1,357
31
394
4
48
21
28
1
4
4
59
141
33
17
1,455
562
5
1
2
2
1
II
46
1
39
40
2
27
21
I
5
30
I
320
267
14
62
16
3
5
3
45
34
35
22,500
9,828
6
204
169
63
63
12
1
39
759
864
187
190
315
255
5
2
I
180
13
236
23
20
2,004
1,625
222
36
121
412
173
111
3,491
29
I
950
9
267
1
1
59
21
2
89
257
63
44
613
124
6
9
7
3
2
II
I
2
16
14
^
1
57
I
46
3
12
1
5
4,942
1,552
5
3
25
18
76
81
32
96
23
47
44
15
26
69
I
29
703
562
17
69
55
60
2
7
154
35
1,813
7
II
312
95
20
733
2
10
I
164
5
174
27
1,546
1,066
332
143
I
132
22
255
I
I
II
10
13
154
I
239
194
7
1
1
32
5,951
1,643
2
13
12
5
24
12
1
16
126
188
17
40
6
140
150
3
43
10
64
16
11
68
25
30
7
6
147
44
39
397
42
1,850
21
2
80
16
491
9
I
5
83
298
3
259
2
113
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Workers
with
extraordinary
ability or
achievement
(Ol)
Workers
accom-
panying and
assisting in
performance
ofOl
workers
(02)
Inter-
nationally
recognized
athletes or
entertainers
(PI)
Artists or
entertainers
in reciprocal
exchange
programs
(P2)
Artists or
entertainers
in culturally
unique
programs
(P3)
Workers
in inter-
national
cultural
exchange
programs
(Ql)
Workers in
religious
occupations
(Rl)
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers
(TC, TN) ^
Macau
Malaysia
Nepal
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Algeria
Botswana
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Cote d'lviore
Egypt
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Kenya
Liberia
Mali
Mauritius
Morocco
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Togo
Tunisia
Uganda ,
Zaire ,
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
See footnotes at end of table.
114
I
17
66
1
9
2
1
5
7
250
202
45
1
9
10
6
15
109
I
I
54
2
47
36
23
13
63
10
6
5
9
II
24
373
5
10
3
I
14
48
7
6
11
I
22
I
72
3
94
1
2
2
47
10
I
12
447
343
100
1
1
77
29
81
15
48
342
4
3
1
10
1
130
9
32
5
63
21
18
10
20
3
42
18
14
10
93
12
13
5
48
28
14
12
309
7
7
24
6
147
7
266
2
24
15
1
17
5
53
3
2
58
2
15
15
8
4
10
10
217
123
66
14
6
TABLE 41. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED AS TEMPORARY WORKERS, EXCHANGE VISITORS, AND
INTRACOMPANY TRANSFEREES BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Workers
with
extraordinary
abiUty or
achievement
(OI)
Workers
accom-
panying and
assisting in
performance
ofOl
workers
(02)
Inter-
nationally
recognized
athletes or
entertainers
(PI)
Artists or
entertainers
in reciprocal
exchange
programs
(P2)
Artists or
entertainers
in culturally
unique
programs
(P3)
Workers
in inter-
national
cultural
exchange
programs
(Ql)
Workers in
religious
occupations
(Rl)
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers
(TC, TN) ^
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua
Aruba
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Bermuda
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Haiti
Jamaica
Montserrat
Netherland Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines ,
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands ....
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador ,
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Suriname
Uruguay
Venezuela
Stateless ..,
Unknown ,
692
365
175
112
79
12
40
6
24
252
74
75
16
17
3
63
3
25
351
104
71
176
5
15
24
131
116
14
64
2
I
3
4
27
14
8,954
1,360
3,758
3,443
18
1
5
2
1
1
6
1,261
822
I
3
91
956
6
I
4
3
258
2
1
393
1
19
181
82
92
5
13
1,757
155
8
493
38
632
7
38
7
379
189
393
268
96
17
12
2
2
3
2
29
4
I
12
605
169
147
265
I
29
I
5
39
159
28
24
509
106
20
181
1
79
15
50
46
3
1
78
125
45
72
5
1,482
714
358
250
16
4
2
1
5
92
30
2
5
36
6
3
31
160
10
39
27
31
12
23
18
433
63
19
79
37
97
26
5
3
48
I
4
51
52
24,837
24,826
II
' Includes Mainland China and Taiwan. The number of nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1994 for Mainland China were: 6 HlAs, 1.250 HlBs, 4 H2As, 485
H2Bs, 77 H3s, 4,269 Jls, 2,499 Lis, 23 Ols. 1 02, 267 Pis, 6 P2s, 187 P3s, 211 Qls, and 6 Rls. The number of nonimmigrant visas issued in fiscal year 1994 for
Taiwan were: 5 HlAs, 718 HlBs, no H2As, 3 H2Bs, 6 H3s. 961 Jls, 221 Lis, 4 Ols, no 02s, 2 Pis, no P2s, 62 P3s, no Qls, and 31 Rls. (SOURCE: U.S.
Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.)
^ Entries under the U.S. -Canada Free-Trade Agreement ended December 31, 1993; entries of Canadian citizens under this program dunng fiscal year 1994 were 5,031
(excluding spouses and children). EnUies under die North American Free-Trade Agreement began January 1, 1994.
NOTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission. - Represents zero.
115
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of citizenship
All ports
Agana
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Dallas
Honolulu
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Ghana
See footnotes at end of table.
116
22,118,706
9,090,338
167,474
188,253
11,115
37,454
121,434
76,716
907,216
1,709,086
71,917
39,785
17,681
187,882
613,913
11,876
461,943
118,926
56,303
65,118
17,919
148,473
107,655
18,728
9,630
12,460
320,701
236,126
334,915
3,115,696
30,207
22,209
6,498,850
14,485
615,250
7,377
128,316
181,693
70,126
24,555
211,376
3.974,306
20,637
580,787
17,505
20,775
67,951
45,086
200,943
57,158
67,928
9,777
10,463
84,550
49,109
11,514
27,183
241,404
35,320
7,664
846,056
7,119
129
56
1
167
47
573
826
15
11
1
57
342
1
294
48
18
257
2
20
15
4
I
82
210
331
3,518
104
9
816,512
44
42,089
I
3,222
322
905
2
32
651,074
5
103,626
1
1
358
23
13,692
22
506
52
2
369
14
19
131
99
10
12
519,226
410,449
7,837
16,474
270
1,706
2,474
1,281
22,570
141,726
1,729
1,857
43
12,118
6,648
623
24,057
1,046
1,741
394
443
2,272
1,703
219
260
90
15,502
3,499
25,864
116,011
1,673
591
49,902
173
828
166
142
5,743
637
845
4,618
28,960
561
449
333
425
274
789
331
634
149
107
155
231
2,521
244
587
6,112
765
251
495,064
433,670
4,818
8,538
188
858
3,180
1,083
38,409
66,925
5,981
1,067
101
22,163
23,606
354
18,300
1,739
1,052
7,391
147
1,667
820
359
375
113
3,515
5,226
15,027
200,666
1,160
509
33,570
292
975
547
354
6,437
691
784
5,520
4,188
757
778
909
1,564
645
1,230
706
1,577
472
390
494
742
2,049
598
871
9,960
1,155
485
969,901
602,274
11,063
26,089
881
3,970
8,464
3,569
52,378
153,674
5,107
1,629
68
5,341
40,269
646
18,803
5,002
12,248
969
2,854
10,095
7,021
1,707
552
815
5,417
37,739
34,926
154,979
3,693
2,401
237,683
411
17,943
610
3,945
12,105
1,958
1,463
4,755
124,393
3,500
35,808
942
1,368
1,793
2,980
9,537
1,711
2,567
341
1,007
2,986
2,252
1,478
1,830
9,523
1,377
397
404,126
146,956
2,923
1,382
121
775
1,123
633
21,913
47,887
589
538
43
1,070
4,252
170
2,925
688
697
290
174
1,279
988
109
135
47
3,926
1,564
1,920
49,489
397
188
56,047
177
2,745
103
1,497
3,344
238
561
943
40,400
168
766
230
212
188
620
509
456
206
74
111
243
1,268
372
616
3,250
239
89
2,111,834
74,560
1.309
286
29
53
800
356
8,519
21,788
69
85
82
844
1,486
61
1,737
515
107
1,038
10
136
105
8
1
22
240
1,284
2,411
31,149
93
73
1,927,983
118
80,169
11
17,424
963
8,674
62
353
1,695,966
14
92,391
71
20
5,737
148
7,285
156
10,546
237
12
6,787
78
27
734
507
27
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
All ports
Agana
Atlanta
Boston
Chicago
Dallas
Honolulu
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America ,
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines ...
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Unknown
8,198
14,517
21,436
7,041
76,761
70,467
588,557
418,038
133,461
21,699
15,359
3,363,594
118,407
1,658,991
1,034,952
22,994
281,257
48,898
23,167
20,754
100,957
117,293
9,344
41,477
203,935
14,763
12,279
13,198
7,681
90,669
7,802
18,484
551,165
19,685
117,834
92,268
140,077
63,721
47,017
70,563
79
2,192,067
406,182
28,342
622,220
134,225
244,396
100,411
16,245
15,155
157,712
41,429
421,021
4,729
21,774
122,122
3
2
II
31
30
18,053
2,785
728
13,554
986
277
57
114
54
6
1
2
I
1
3
5
2
17
3
9
1
3
52
4
4
6
10
15
13
304
25
3
118
22
23
9
6
79
I
18
15
3,677
359
192
1,042
23
1,499
1,981
1,660
1,296
352
12
36,207
759
24,787
9,741
5
4,025
21
244
24
20
32
3
24
3,486
1,168
8
10
g
121
8
534
920
10
481
74
83
99
24
149
11,143
542
52
5,793
347
367
99
29
135
222
340
3,197
20
57
3,696
649
270
1,259
80
2,187
3,875
7,144
6,179
950
3
12
4,645
2,324
936
1,020
17
76
54
16
8
19
49
8
142
148
13
12
9
10
96
U
332
356
13
81
54
69
48
24
67
9
2,669
514
62
787
288
286
105
17
10
177
45
366
12
111
3,295
665
258
1,092
81
2,571
3,082
6,284
4,872
1,378
2
32
93,108
4,242
81,903
1,193
12
147
71
9
27
62
220
17
88
258
15
23
18
3
124
17
82
5,766
34
646
820
3,514
166
no
476
4
11,523
2,434
256
4,552
1,121
753
398
23
94
894
337
656
5
708
8,798
158
61
871
8
861
963
1,825
1,430
377
18
184,853
2,672
164,885
845
5
47
38
1
50
140
202
6
76
129
5
4
9
5
83
3
42
16,450
26
6,316
445
8,968
197
227
271
1
9,206
1,638
294
2,175
1,028
883
435
12
90
1,303
174
1,169
5
159
1,830
10
8
15
1
317
121
100370
64,947
22,544
7,901
4,978
2,034
605
918
205
19
5
6
19
3
9
32
4
41
5
2
1
25
17
17
301
9
69
26
96
23
11
67
5
2,749
656
32
985
218
284
107
4
65
187
42
169
233
3,398
See footnotes at end of table.
117
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
New York
Orlando
San
Francisco
Washington
DC
2,681,447
3,650,970
631,406
3,43236
875,214
1,119,554
603,697
789,887
981,983
483,400
1,993,317
686,781
381,004
423,114
18,800
23,798
4,489
50,818
4,331
9,448
4,921
9,160
12,449
2,634
54,572
7,649
7,764
22,245
386
240
301
6,996
38
185
516
2,698
1,651
1,170
13,740
833
1,102
1,572
15,513
9,492
22,496
26,157
2,357
4,986
2,959
4,018
13,681
4,973
32,277
477
4,187
1,279
83,428
95,434
78,312
186,247
5,260
40,232
48,474
171,380
163,147
83,738
312,341
53,079
93,760
84,715
2,754
4,803
1,004
34,695
1,299
1,278
2,993
3,587
2,002
4,114
14.405
1,446
1,032
1,895
202
382
129
5,443
3,017
58
59
8,114
12,811
5,678
69,499
10,018
6.524
3,421
49,377
123,415
15,749
243,794
4,408
12,213
28,285
1,125
861
166
2,927
1,159
860
495
38,648
75,051
7,080
82,092
21,628
20,681
23,763
8,612
8,921
37,292
26,442
2,064
2,780
2,061
2,019
1,979
4,511
20,954
851
843
1,556
2,701
9,017
8,924
23,533
718
1,680
944
1,559
452
294
9,585
77
352
497
7,469
6,716
2,253
69,114
870
11,861
17,876
4,625
5,632
1,064
48,188
722
9,890
13,679
516
208
517
11,857
67
426
1.336
891
177
474
4,079
36
374
1.432
1,437
699
198
4,990
45
1,171
1,429
6,843
85,413
37,102
104,990
4,812
3,977
19,900
21,890
19,860
53,102
49,307
4,008
7,372
3,731
36,880
38,369
3,474
85,359
6,363
13,489
26,771
289,098
268,154
100,800
449,972
548,628
133,010
120,012
2,552
2,278
1,459
9,426
315
752
1,450
1,074
1,607
2,156
8,632
1,076
578
724
1,097,167
111,639
85,756
703,350
18043
631,558
89,960
1,802
356
497
8,531
32
303
681
197,900
7,846
17,193
34,674
356
132,465
2,143
467
360
399
3,041
166
190
396
34,528
1,828
824
8,548
567
31,362
305
15,900
9,188
5,390
71,361
1,906
10,559
9,357
31,670
1,254
530
6,564
189
9,136
976
5,490
629
969
3,578
223
1,669
1,741
11,785
16,996
6,611
136,334
1,290
2,324
2,922
470,747
47,083
27,212
207,456
3,728
314,219
42,078
1,304
639
530
8,701
150
466
1,208
146,169
7,557
1,398
86,408
296
41.063
1,319
881
856
223
8.755
623
525
1,307
2,134
1,378
940
5,863
213
454
1,498
35,657
921
698
6,252
520
7,969
621
2,483
1,127
1,926
25,182
263
899
1.699
66,146
5,564
1,922
16,887
571
41,254
1,343
2,785
1,823
454
27,845
4,249
706
9,426
22,840
601
880
7,946
283
14.383
330
1,976
434
752
2,335
93
452
785
1,042
312
345
4,595
137
173
542
34,507
669
988
5,583
187
17,093
1,390
3,350
3,171
14,104
9,780
1,196
1,279
2,980
1,142
276
429
1,141
236
255
2,223
4,462
771
542
5,990
769
2,360
2,690
13,429
23,989
7,641
107,839
3,469
3,790
20,554
2,954
995
695
20,731
349
368
1.748
281
264
409
3,210
31
78
883
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Ghana
See footnotes at end of table.
118
TABLE 42. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED PORT OF ENTRY AND REGION
AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
Los Angeles
Miami
Newark
New York
Orlando
San
Francisco
Washington,
DC
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania ,
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts& Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines ....
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
BoHvia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Unknown
516
350
1,000
56
5,153
3,119
317,186
229,641
80,207
26
7,312
348,828
3,022
284,934
1,844
16
134
106
29
47
74
180
42
42
462
22
19
26
29
299
61
256
59,024
1,621
9,923
18,054
23,949
2,080
2,393
1,004
4
99,204
16,976
587
48,226
6,094
8,938
2,771
51
585
12,189
1,544
1,176
67
3,206
12,540
331
714
890
95
17,608
3,092
13,247
10,146
2,891
28
182
1,021,795
3,240
165,684
514,389
1,940
152,235
15,470
19,242
18,706
35,325
42,788
2,154
27,464
137,479
6,824
438
2,324
2,225
39,484
7,038
3,253
338,480
10,002
73,990
44,648
74,741
41,724
37,899
55,476
2
1,474,508
280,117
24,154
338,549
103,153
186,183
76,735
4,791
11,829
125,650
25,817
293,446
4,084
143
23,666
338
454
884
271
1,470
3,120
6,524
4,903
1,563
15
43
38,825
1,180
25,488
11,515
533
1,451
58
7
53
2,702
4,254
14
192
1,607
130
17
21
24
195
6
251
635
30
136
108
97
80
74
110
7
6,537
1,300
84
2,299
536
642
251
161
25
366
194
667
12
141
2,582
2,306
9,450
8,616
5,568
29,011
28,947
27,299
21,765
5,291
40
203
268,167
4,703
79,490
166,381
2,341
695
14,463
57
400
20,055
32,273
2,280
7,004
46,456
309
255
2,508
1,797
34,615
42
831
17,587
163
5,100
4,736
4,032
1,992
343
1,221
6
312,135
68,335
698
122,417
8,022
22,861
12,326
7,173
1,645
3,253
8,649
56,585
171
941
19,258
191
124
226
1,695
853
1,887
1,494
380
13
89,999
471
70,667
11,100
19
8,041
33
65
17
39
49
13
51
1,785
239
4
10
5
117
38
575
7,754
13
6,568
59
407
544
66
97
7
71,960
1,612
67
54,487
484
336
125
60
20
220
81
14,454
14
2,787
219
120
344
23
1,291
1,347
20,829
17,716
2,444
27
642
64,886
2,219
55,943
524
37
18
10
8
35
91
6
9
111
11
5
5
4
120
3
51
6,199
209
861
2,620
749
424
547
789
1
9,237
1,201
105
4,697
1,089
511
189
18
71
646
204
487
19
1,940
6,310
906
443
1,909
361
4,253
10,051
11,894
7,987
3,862
9
36
28,179
1,104
19,147
780
8
229
19
31
27
65
11
109
106
6
7
12
3
118
8
21
7,144
94
1,078
3,143
2,323
130
133
243
4
23,635
5,907
200
12,235
1,479
512
212
80
41
488
1,538
913
30
78
6.283
Includes Mainland China and Taiwan. A total of 453,751 nonimmigrant visas were issued in these two countries in fiscal year 1994: 160,070 to Taiwan and
293,68 1 to Mainland China. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of Stale, Bureau of Consular Affairs. Visa Office.) " Includes unknown port of enU^.
NOTE: Includes arrivals under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the
Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countries — 1 1 1,403 parolees; 22,461 withdrawals and stowaways; and 1 14,471 refugees.
- Represents zero. 119
TABLE 43. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of citizenship
All
ages
Under 15
years
15- 19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65 years
and over
Unknown
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland
Italy '
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union, former
Russia
Ukraine
Other republics
Unknown republic
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland ,
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
China'
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Thailand
Turkey
United Arab Emirates
Other Asia
Africa
Egypt
Ghana
See footnotes at end of table.
22,118,706
9,090338
167.474
188,253
11,115
37,454
121,434
76,716
907,216
1,709,086
71,917
39,785
17,681
187,882
613,913
11,876
461,943
118,926
56,303
65,118
17,919
148,473
107,655
18,728
9,630
12,460
320,701
236,126
334,915
3,115,696
30,207
22,209
6,498,850
14,485
615,250
7,377
128,316
181,693
70,126
24,555
211,376
3,974,306
20,637
580,787
17,505
20,775
67,951
45,086
200,943
57,158
67,928
9,777
10,463
84.550
49,109
11,514
27.183
241,404
35,320
7,664
1,832,016
687,814
9,100
11,380
589
1,778
7,059
5,157
66,582
96,652
3,648
2,511
1,978
14,308
26,049
959
24,598
7,446
3,693
3,958
858
9,973
7,088
1,279
649
957
18,405
15.336
19,952
332,551
1,708
1,586
448,190
1,979
37,345
405
8,671
12,541
5,266
2,484
18,044
247,091
2.132
45,028
3,774
1,501
5,641
6.023
15,483
13,477
5.877
764
1,080
6,006
2.287
1,767
3,524
21,491
3,159
515
1,074,278
452,109
7.962
9.381
734
3.402
8,524
5,092
75.929
83.073
2,599
2,923
991
7,842
23,369
557
15,964
6,794
3,856
3,091
885
11,636
8.311
1,437
1.262
626
22.506
13,989
13,081
124,031
2,567
1,331
250,664
923
13.941
363
5,687
4,680
5,604
828
9,649
163,334
1,113
14,687
1.218
695
2,654
2.662
6.342
2.989
2,138
284
442
4,655
2,868
1,348
1,560
10,233
1,475
257
2,096,845
704,662
17,880
14,693
1,113
4,914
13,228
5,265
78,063
126,068
5,406
3,850
1,484
19.409
53.422
798
36,028
11,011
4,856
4,601
946
9,769
6,759
1,339
960
711
28,779
23,234
33,960
200,196
3,279
2,410
881,749
1,521
35,124
1,711
13,777
16,630
9,262
1,119
19.373
669,475
1,993
44,791
2,364
1,723
9,719
4,546
12,899
5,841
5,952
904
846
8,992
6,892
2,912
3,383
18,377
1,982
390
5,643,966
2,230,194
45,507
47,076
2,657
8,328
27,448
17,099
211,911
463,990
16,382
7,982
3,879
50,268
201,851
3,032
124,197
26,287
10,644
15,173
3,667
31,165
22,865
3,947
1,891
2,462
90,767
49,761
91,298
667,501
6,696
5,628
1,871,628
3,398
174,204
1,884
37,322
54,361
15,623
5,264
37,015
1,200,256
5,294
152,810
4,683
5,729
18,682
10,357
55,789
16,225
22,502
2,712
2,477
20,888
14,029
3,141
6,983
60,556
7,615
1,863
4,382,566
1,776,397
31,626
42,194
2.762
7,534
21,903
17,389
182,237
312,264
14,081
8,674
3,627
35.328
116,039
2,476
96,486
23,945
12,454
14,546
4,065
38,836
28,670
4,588
2,393
3,185
64,137
44,167
60,576
608,143
6,145
4,763
1,161,468
3,283
140,999
963
28,212
31,992
14,128
4,564
44,723
608,544
3,647
129,825
3,087
3,561
15,711
8.425
51,544
10,975
17,585
2,053
1,821
19,789
9,055
1,347
5,635
60,581
8,021
2.383
5,829,782
2,671,113
46,858
53,407
2,766
9,587
36,616
23,228
241,288
526,836
22,677
11,082
4,680
49,606
162,350
3.465
138.942
36.571
15.690
18.727
5.586
42.471
31,126
5,363
2,183
3,799
81,181
77,041
95,652
951.342
8,052
5,412
1,566,359
3.029
169,713
1,719
26,843
49,122
17,965
7,103
64,936
918,264
5,550
161,683
2,151
5,883
13,791
11,201
45,025
6.605
12.147
2.488
2,949
21,338
11,298
775
4,781
59,402
10,929
2,015
1,230,614
560,686
8,423
9,985
486
1,864
6,540
3,435
50,583
99,133
6.983
2,703
1,027
10,748
30,406
579
25,401
6,775
5.029
4.884
1.883
4,471
2.737
757
270
707
14,545
12,327
20,160
229,533
1,724
1,059
311,534
320
42,953
312
7,562
12,042
2,169
3,039
17.284
164,675
849
31,159
200
1,616
1,663
1,779
13.458
836
1.652
554
795
2,669
2,597
143
1,208
10,221
2,064
227
28,639
7,363
118
137
8
47
116
51
623
1,070
141
60
15
373
427
10
327
97
81
138
29
152
99
18
22
13
381
271
236
2,399
36
20
7,258
32
971
20
242
325
109
154
352
2,667
59
804
28
67
90
93
403
210
75
18
53
213
83
81
109
543
75
14
120
TABLE 43. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY AGE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF CITIZENSHIP
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of citizenship
All
ages
Under 15
years
15- 19
years
20-24
years
25-34
years
35-44
years
45-64
years
65 years
and over
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
Senegal
South Africa
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
New Zealand
Pacific Island Trust Territory
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas. The
Barbados
Cayman Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
Netherlands Antilles
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines ...
Trinidad & Tobago
Turks & Caicos Islands
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Unknown
8,198
14,517
21,436
7,041
76,761
70,467
588,557
418,038
133,461
21,699
15,359
3,363,594
118,407
1,658,991
1,034,952
22,994
281,257
48,898
23,167
20,754
100,957
117,293
9,344
41,477
203,935
14,763
12,279
13,198
7,681
90,669
7,802
18,484
551,165
19,685
117,834
92,268
140,077
63,721
47,017
70,563
79
2,192,067
406,182
28,342
622,220
134,225
244,396
100,411
16,245
15,155
157,712
41.429
421,021
4,729
21,774
122,122
747
1,051
2,113
325
7,948
5.633
49,253
35,439
9,609
2,895
1,310
366,962
9,590
187,094
109,442
2,342
34,968
5,813
3,307
224
10,773
12,131
837
2,941
19,320
1,500
1,298
1,028
483
9,648
961
1,868
60,823
2,421
14.091
9.132
18,337
5,461
4,428
6,953
13
247,173
45,528
2,993
70,157
13,865
29,919
12,715
1,356
1,609
13,217
2,923
52,532
359
595
10,538
474
719
644
235
3,325
3,104
25,629
18,474
4,603
1,941
611
180,960
6,408
91,762
51,220
1,198
15,360
2,346
1,527
252
5,590
6,395
390
1.235
9,150
667
623
534
288
4,131
532
1,002
31,566
1,096
7,657
4,696
8,377
2,880
2,328
4,532
4
147,963
29,577
2,365
53,799
6,170
14,343
6,762
601
1,133
7,621
2,070
23,356
166
324
6,396
1,200
1,643
857
570
5,804
5,931
57,784
41,992
11,943
2,602
1,247
279,620
14,623
145,264
79,276
2,258
28,147
3,375
2,544
501
7,232
8,873
945
1,627
11,693
953
928
1,320
925
5,091
1,081
1,783
40,453
2,093
8,293
6,592
10,616
4,910
2,558
5,391
4
143,136
27,639
1,953
35.589
7,797
14.020
7.387
861
1.116
12,625
2,280
31,596
273
1,009
10,508
2,066
4,417
5,760
1,834
17,917
19,084
133,318
93,289
31,189
5,045
3,795
850.200
38,804
419,859
266,381
6,463
80,109
12,168
5,871
1,374
24,742
29,503
2,777
8,885
56,068
3,162
3,308
4,346
2,492
18,623
2,156
4,334
125,139
5,153
28,400
21,173
30,361
15,837
9,269
14,946
17
467,933
76,874
5,953
128.182
28.556
56.934
20,237
4,001
3,666
36,617
8,678
97,224
1,011
2,232
27,905
1,683
3,070
6,195
2,597
17,119
19,513
117,083
83,019
26,174
4,335
3,555
746,053
27,246
349.505
244,278
5,527
57,804
12.215
4,731
1,817
24,380
27,830
2,189
12,059
56,271
3,816
3,518
3,312
1,961
20,745
1,688
4,415
125,002
4,263
26.908
21.709
30.171
16,749
11,046
14,156
22
493,262
84,096
6,353
148,706
33,321
56,623
22,036
4,847
3,375
34,159
8,906
89,739
1,101
3,401
24,321
1,808
3,183
5,247
1,378
19,650
15,192
168,436
119,774
40,492
4,137
4,033
757,569
20.212
374,178
230,774
4,485
55,874
10,975
4.387
9,577
23,099
26,527
1.751
10,772
41,949
4,129
2,144
2,274
1,317
26,084
1,138
4,292
132392
3,774
26,374
22,993
32,384
14,961
12,907
18,999
13
564,888
115,395
7,124
155,232
37,215
58,112
24,968
3,875
3,560
41,752
12,921
103,175
1,559
9,816
32,199
189
395
584
80
4,911
1,771
36,196
25,398
9,332
698
768
174,909
1,284
87,362
51,599
677
8,299
1,943
771
6,968
4,924
5,828
445
3,858
9,180
517
420
359
200
6.228
234
748
34,659
852
5,885
5,794
9,510
2,766
4,368
5,484
5
124,202
26,522
1,550
29,774
7,116
13,646
6,051
688
672
11,456
3,588
22,883
256
4,359
8,507
' Includes Mainland China and Taiwan. A total of 453,751 nonimmigrant visas were issued in these two countries in fiscal year 1994: 160,070 to Taiwan and
293,68 1 to Mainland China. (SOURCE: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Consular Affairs, Visa Office.)
NOTE: Includes arrivals under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the
Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countnes — 1 1 1,403 parolees; 22,461 withdrawals and stowaways; and 1 14,471 refugees.
121
TABLE 44. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Spouses
Foreign
Temporary
Temporary
Treaty
Spouses
and
Tempo -
and
children
State of intended
All
govern-
visitors
visitors
Transit
traders
residence
classes '■ '
ment
for
for
aliens '
and
Students
children
workers
of temp.
officials '
business '
pleasure ^
investors '
of
students
and
trainees
workers
and
trainees
Total
22.118,706
105,299
3,164,099
17,154,834
330,936
141,030
394,001
33,720
185,988
43,207
Alabama
37,625
1,112
9,765
18,804
729
737
2,943
415
483
211
Alaska :
46,222
240
4,402
38,249
530
726
417
34
501
39
Arizona
152,316
505
29,656
108,042
37
721
5,699
723
1,558
381
Arkansas
16,433
24
4,162
8,084
5
162
1,855
196
594
130
California
3,265,123
9,855
488,601
2,558,000
12,404
27,755
69,235
3,811
25,459
7,006
Colorado
223,009
500
36,765
168,179
119
635
6,982
907
2,291
345
Connecticut
131,462
402
26,675
79,517
300
3,256
5,746
423
2,701
1,005
Delaware
19,438
149
6,749
9,143
170
419
952
69
227
92
District of Columbia
288,375
4,382,669
21,181
8,862
79,578
418,075
149,018
3,816,539
386
48.620
477
12,893
4,755
23,546
319
1,727
1,861
18,057
167
Florida
3,676
Georgia
239,419
2,449
80,414
130,645
681
4,232
6,527
600
3,085
945
Hawaii
2,075,966
2,563
42,618
2,012,587
4,672
2,449
6,275
360
1,113
147
Idaho
12,386
8
2,023
7,655
4
69
1,107
62
446
33
Illinois
482,446
2,038
151,651
280,116
525
6,138
12,797
1,717
7,028
2,031
Indiana
73,215
121
20,302
36,252
44
1,685
5,838
620
1,232
518
Iowa
29,354
45
6,092
14,063
5
144
4.897
414
372
157
Kansas
32,001
432
7,608
15,465
10
256
4,808
367
480
203
35,435
254
10,029
16,975
29
1.565
1.942
292
1,087
225
Louisiana
149,892
610
37,212
95,903
6,364
509
3,822
389
931
250
Maine
29,308
29
4,312
19,611
347
80
1,085
51
1,145
68
172,725
5,677
28,712
98,811
859
1,366
5,205
545
2,615
809
Massachusetts
464,429
1,431
92,889
303,354
830
2,053
28,385
1,711
6,245
1,410
Michigan
208,995
486
60,295
107,030
382
5,416
9,354
1,384
4.035
1,560
Minnesota
102,244
164
29,193
58,129
55
377
4,971
382
1,232
388
12,849
201
2,344
6,678
387
51
1,364
197
200
87
Missouri
67,669
602
20,427
33,211
24
839
5,830
580
1,100
374
12,600
7
1,102
9,579
21
72
674
38
194
26
Nebraska
14,600
18
3,056
7,867
10
100
1,736
136
344
138
Nevada
296,982
467
47,384
245,045
39
314
1,000
83
871
124
New Hampshire
33,026
32
6,576
19,781
82
138
1,975
139
1,921
118
386,071
917
72,649
256,759
1.827
10,869
7,916
957
8,798
3,443
New Mexico
32,943
2,807,766
113,529
381
13,486
415
5,847
435,118
35,550
22,803
2,148,915
55,462
13
9,722
231
100
21,587
2.612
1.268
39,708
4,324
255
2,902
479
396
38,333
5,300
124
6,039
North Carolina
668
North Dakota
6,875
160,521
9
624
826
50,182
4,328
77,357
14
94
41
4,551
785
10,145
91
1,096
100
2,566
30
Ohio
989
Oklahoma
41,234
344
9,932
20,614
25
170
6,243
631
881
244
Oregon
76,934
113
12,537
50,633
826
914
6,008
473
802
246
Pennsylvania
233,079
1,010
59,577
128,823
2,646
1,981
13,790
1,582
4,012
1,294
Rhode Island
27,356
55,258
5,832
69,600
354
120
1
163
4,839
12,974
509
20,663
17,465
33,895
4,158
35,991
104
179
27
215
1,199
27
2,165
2,387
2,417
605
3,596
86
300
67
392
321
564
55
1,324
73
South Carolina
223
South Dakota
22
Tennessee
404
Texas
824,924
8,257
196,622
531,678
9,830
6,846
21,692
2,205
11,075
3,356
Utah
58,315
320
8,875
41,604
16
180
4.015
443
773
158
Vermont
29,693
11
2,808
22,583
14
214
1,573
31
666
31
193,566
228,830
7,681
1,426
36,086
44,125
109,493
151,781
980
2,392
2,197
3,342
7,646
12,719
1,054
671
4,976
3,356
789
Washington
647
West Virginia
9,780
9
1,913
5,017
5
80
1.503
107
295
66
Wisconsin
74,413
68
19,822
41,144
33
359
5,696
507
878
330
Wyoming
9,068
2
646
7,375
2
17
353
58
174
10
Guam
603,019
456
7,056
583,321
2,509
2,334
361
11
3,442
357
192,923
19,073
1,432
27
46,396
2,241
137,266
15,746
2,890
383
558
100
526
102
41
1
1,685
251
196
Virgin Islands
31
Unknown
2,749,891
7,209
317,639
2,178,291
217,504
2,738
6,901
589
5,557
774
See footnotes at end of table.
122
TABLE 44. NONIMMIGRANTS ADMITTED BY SELECTED CLASS OF ADMISSION
AND STATE OF INTENDED RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
State of intended
residence
International
represen-
tatives '
Represen-
tatives of
foreign
information
media
Exchange
visitors
Spouses
and
children of
exchange
Fian-
ces(ees)
of U.S.
citizens '
Intra-
company
transferees
Spouses
and
children of
intra-
company
transferees
NATO
officials '
North
American
Free-Trade
Agreement
workers ' '
Unknown
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Honda
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washinj^ton
West Virt^inia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Guam
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Unknown
74,722
101
4
27
2
591
66
464
9
15,216
982
83
66
1
115
21
8
10
3
40
5
15,211
258
62
21
7
54
1
5
17
17
1,345
22
26,229
39
13
26
6
14
105
14
14
12
31
282
19
3
10,854
111
2
35
3
39
35
11
1,991
27,691
39
103
165
9
4,561
138
154
17
2,583
2,601
567
775
15
964
88
12
15
24
118
13
701
552
263
117
14
54
25
13
405
19
531
63
6,943
57
13
87
64
82
167
18
33
9
100
1,655
46
21
541
395
3
41
11
145
133
9
1,400
216,610
1,203
532
2,192
939
22,611
3,446
5,114
761
11,318
6,019
3,306
903
752
8,005
3,742
2,324
1,552
1,272
1,960
1,911
7,485
15,701
5,985
4,393
995
2,867
623
855
485
1,597
6,820
990
29,198
3,864
348
6,692
1,219
2,513
10,857
923
1,418
276
2,377
9,064
1,033
1,129
4,965
3.486
568
3,512
316
15
298
25
3,856
42,561
278
35
516
126
6,057
749
670
144
514
1,242
649
238
36
1,768
752
442
183
220
460
56
2,518
3,773
1,339
817
105
551
24
154
56
81
1,356
221
4,193
814
62
1,378
213
461
2,279
157
175
25
583
2,731
241
79
890
676
63
590
19
3
21
778
8,888
55
54
188
16
1,944
124
126
15
49
477
161
222
29
334
72
35
51
35
62
43
184
252
284
158
19
85
31
28
94
34
269
49
754
131
30
173
65
123
241
42
52
11
81
572
64
27
245
259
15
99
8
102
19
7
189
98,189
222
114
680
38
14,773
779
2,621
294
299
10,972
2,796
463
52
3,938
962
129
230
711
350
62
874
3,010
4,339
1,038
58
529
49
42
170
228
6,595
82
14,724
1,657
40
2,259
213
525
2,416
157
837
3
770
7,856
189
223
1,580
1,449
60
651
17
2,070
917
59
2,018
56,048
114
57
504
30
8,710
463
1,883
170
98
4,963
1,603
321
20
2,459
718
128
143
592
271
22
517
1,402
3,035
552
17
285
12
27
77
120
4,236
81
6,935
1,070
12
1,569
183
304
1,341
98
672
4
605
4,827
113
140
894
774
36
376
7
779
467
38
1,174
9,135
270
26
163
12
646
105
24
1
378
508
121
27
101
12
10
83
33
18
7
250
102
23
8
29
67
1
6
27
9
84
106
257
95
2
127
84
8
157
51
13
2
9
2,227
40
8
2,223
188
3
6
2
6
26
5
339
30,870
141
158
554
49
2,963
406
376
56
170
2,777
550
151
74
703
235
76
103
147
610
460
359
1,062
3,717
247
96
190
120
65
312
159
679
137
2,620
760
131
602
99
342
796
52
171
46
312
4,053
184
130
458
1,022
33
266
48
6
12
36
789
Excludes the following classes of admission processed in the Nonimmigrant Information System: for all countnes — 111,403 parolees. 22.461 withdrawals and
stowaways, and 1 14,471 refugees, ' Includes arrivals under the Visa Waiver Pilot program. See Nonimmigrant section of text. ' Includes spouses and unmarried
minor (or dependent) children. ' Includes foreign government officials and dieir spouses and unmamed minor (or dependent) children in transit. ' Includes minor
children of fiances(ees). ' Entnes under the U.S.-Canada Free-Trade Agreement ended December 31, 1993; entries of Canadian citizens under this program during
fiscal year 1994 were 5,529 (including spouses and children). Entries under the North American Free-Trade Agreement began January 1, 1994.
NOTE: See Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of admission.
• Represents zero.
123
V. NATURALIZATIONS
Naturalization refers to the conferring of U.S. citizenship,
by any means, upon a person after birth. There are five
ways of becoming a U.S. citizen; naturalization in a court
ceremony; naturalization through an administrative
hearing; derivation through the naturalization of parents;
acquisition at birth abroad to citizen parents; and
legislation naturalizing certain groups of persons (see
Limitations of Data). As part of the naturalization process,
applicants pledge an oath of allegiance to the United
States, thereby renouncing allegiance to their former
countries of nationality.
In fiscal year 1994, 407,398 persons received U.S.
citizenship through naturalization, approaching the record
level of 441,979 set 50 years ago. The historical
significance of this number was apparent at the time, with
the 1944 INS Annual Report concluding, "The record for
this year... will probably mark the high peak in
naturalization work in the Service for years to come." In
1944, the three leading source countries for naturalizations
were Italy, Germany, and the United Kingdom, which
together accounted for nearly 60 percent of the total
number of naturalizations.
A number of administrative and legislative circumstances
contributed to the high number of naturalizations in 1944.
First, large backlogs in naturalizations were eliminated,
reducing the number of pending cases to current year
working levels. Second, Title X of the Second War
Manpowers Act simplified requirements for naturalization
for members of the armed forces. Over 48,000 non-citizen
members of the armed forces gained citizenship under this
legislation, including those servicemen acquiring
citizenship through traveling INS representatives in the
theaters of war. •*
Administrative actions led to an increase in naturalizations
in 1994, just as they had 50 years ago. The Green Card
Replacement Program, which began in 1992, requires long-
term permanent residents to replace their resident cards
with new, more counterfeit-resistant cards. Many aliens
chose to naturalize rather than apply for a new card, leading
to an increase of 70 percent in naturalizations between 1992
and 1994. As a result of the increase in naturalizations of
long-term residents, the average time between immigration
and naturalization increased to 10 years in 1994, up from a
historical average of about 8 years.
' From The Annual Report of the Immigration and Naturalization Service:
Fiscal Year 1944, Earl G. Harrison, Commissioner, Immigration and
Naturalization Service, June 30, 1944, p. 14.
The leading countries of former allegiance were
considerably different in 1994 compared to 1944. Mexico
led all countries with 39,310, followed by the Philippines
(37,304) and Vietnam (26,833). These countries of former
allegiance have been the leading source countries every
year since 1984, although the rankings have changed. Just
under 43 percent of the persons naturalized in 1994 were
formerly citizens of Asian countries, about 3 percentage
points lower than last year. The 1994 data reflect the shift
that has occurred in immigration since the post-war period.
European immigration has steadily declined relative to
other regions due primarily to the Immigration and
Nationality Amendments of 1965, which eliminated
country quotas that favored immigration from Western
Europe.
Nearly 407,400 people were
naturalized during 1994.
Naturalization Policy
To naturalize, an immigrant must fulfill certain
requirements set forth in the Immigration and Nationality
Act concerning age, lawful admission, and residence in the
United States. Additional requirements include the ability
to speak, read, and write the English language; knowledge
of the U.S. government and U.S. history; and having a
good moral character. The general naturalization
provisions specify that an alien must fulfill the following
conditions: be at least 18 years of age; have been lawfully
admitted to the United States for permanent residence; and
have resided in the country continuously for at least 5
years. These minimum requirements must be met for an
alien to be considered for naturalization under the general
provisions of immigration law. Approximately 84 percent
of immigrants currently naturalize under the general
provisions. The remaining immigrants who naturalize do
so under the special provisions of the law (Chart N).
The special provisions of naturalization law exempt aliens
from one or more of the requirements of the general
provisions. Spouses and children of U.S. citizens and
military classes constitute the main special naturalization
categories. The majority of people naturalizing as spouses
of U.S. citizens may do so in 3 years rather than the 5 years
prescribed under the general provisions.
Children who immigrate with their parents generally do
not naturalize, but derive U.S. citizenship through the
naturalization of their parents. Children adopted by U.S.
citizens may naturalize to become U.S. citizens, although
they are no longer required to do so, since they are eligible
for administrative naturalization by the INS. These
124
Chart N
Persons Naturalized by Provision of Law: Fiscal Years 1908-94
Thousands
450-1
375-
300-
225-
150-
75-
i g
I I Special provisions and unknown
General provisions
1908
1988 1994
Source; 1987-94, Table 46; \90»-»6, prewous Yearbooks.
children may be naturalized in court ceremonies prior to
reaching age 18; there are no residency requirements.
Aliens who served honorably during World War I, World
War II, the Korean Conflict, the Vietnam Conflict, or the
Grenada Campaign, under certain conditions, may
naturalize without prior admission to permanent resident
status. Also, they need not have resided in the United
States for a particular length of time. Lawful permanent
resident aliens who have served honorably in the Armed
Forces of the United States for as much as 3 years also are
entitled to certain exemptions from the general
naturalization requirements. Special provision
naturalizations account for about 10 percent of the total
number of naturalizations outside the general provisions,
followed by naturalizations occurring under either military
(2 percent) or other provisions (less than 1 percent).
Every applicant for naturalization must file an application,
Form N-400 (Application to File Petition for
Naturalization) or Form N-402 (Application to File
Petition for Naturalization in Behalf of Child). All aliens
filing these applications who meet the preliminary
documentary requirements must be interviewed by INS
officers to determine their eligibility to naturalize. During
the interview the officer discerns the applicant's knowledge
and understanding of the English language as well as of the
history and government of the United States. Recently,
applicants have been allowed to take standardized tests that
are used to determine knowledge and abilities. Those
applicants found qualified are scheduled for a final hearing
before a judge who performs the naturalization ceremony;
alternatively, since 1992, many applicants have the option
of taking the oath in an administrative hearing conducted
by the INS.
Data Overview
As the sending areas of immigrants admitted to the United
States have shifted, so have the origins of persons
naturalized. Data by region of birth indicate that major
changes occurred between 1961 and 1994 (Chart O).
Naturalizations for Europe, the leading region through
1975, comprised 62 percent of the naturalizations during
the 1960s, but declined to 15 percent of the total during the
1980s. Naturalizations of Asians have also decreased,
from over 50 percent of the total in the period between
1990 and 1992, to about 43 percent in 1994. This decrease
marks a departure from the trend during the past few
125
Chart O
Persons Naturalized by Decade and Selected Region of Birth: Fiscal Years 1961-94
1961-70
South America— 2.2% 1 i — Other— 1.5%
North America— 20.9%
1971-80
South America— 5.3% , , Other— 2.3%
North America — 28. 1
1981-90
South America 1
6.5%
Other— 3.1%
North America— 26.2%
South America-
8.0%
1991-94
Other-^.2%
Europe— 12.0%
North America— 26.7%
Source: 1994, Table 54; 1961-93, previous Yearbooks.
decades; Asian naturalizations had steadily
increased — from 13 percent of naturalizations during the
1960s to 51 percent in 1991. Despite the decrease in
overall percentages, Asians still account for the largest
share of naturalizations.
The predominance of Asia as the region of origin for
naturalizations has echoed the increase in immigration
from Asia as a result of the Immigration and Nationality
Act Amendments of 1965 and the arrival of Indochinese
refugees beginning in 1975. Asian immigrants have also
historically exhibited higher naturalization rates than
Europeans. The 5 leading countries of former allegiance
of persons naturalized in 1994 were Mexico with 39,310
followed by the Philippines (37,304), Vietnam (26,833),
Mainland China (20,828), and India (20,454). Since
most naturalizations occur under the general provisions
of naturalization law, the majority of aliens naturalizing
must have resided in the United States for at least 5
years as lawful permanent residents. Since the 1950s,
the median number of years of residence for the
population naturalizing has remained fairly constant at
about 8 years (Table I). During the last 2 years,
however, the median length of residence increased to 9
years in 1993, and to 10 years in 1994. The largest
factor contributing to the increase in the length of time
between immigration and naturalization is the Green
Card Replacement Program.
126
Table I
Median Years of Residence by Year of Naturalization and Region of Birth:
Selected Fiscal Years 1965-94
Region of birth
1994
1990
1985
1980
1975
1970
1965
Persons naturalized
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
North America ..
South America ..
10
13
13
9
10
8
9
7
8
7
7
7
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
10
9
8
8
7
9
8
16
15
13
11
9
7
9
11
10
8
9
10
7
7
r/ie G/ee/! Car^ Replacement Program
Beginning in the summer of 1992, INS began replacing the
old Form 1-151 alien registration or "green card" issued
prior to 1979 with a more counterfeit-resistant 1-551 card.
The program was halted pending the resolution of a class
action lawsuit that challenged the fee for obtaining a
replacement card, but resumed in November 1993 after a
district court affirmed the fee system. In general, the
majority of naturalizations occur 6 to 8 years after the year
of immigration; historically, the annual number of
naturalizations declined for those who had been in the
country longer than 8 years. Analysis of the data for fiscal
years 1993 and 1994 indicates that this pattern has
changed.
As shown in Chart P, the number of aliens naturalized each
year who obtained permanent resident status before 1978
has increased — from 1992 to 1994 the total rose from
50,037 to 110,015. During this same period, major
regional differences in the median length of residence
became evident among both regions and specific
nationalities. Median length of residence in 1992 ranged
from 7 years for both Asia and Africa, to 10 years for
Europe, and 1 1 years for North America. By fiscal year
1994, every region except Africa experienced an increase
in the median number of years. South America, North
America, and Europe showed the largest increases: South
America rose from 8 years in 1992 to 11 years in 1994;
North America rose from 11 years in 1992 to 16 years in
1994; and Europe rose from 10 years in 1992 to 13 years in
1994 (Chart Q).
In general, increases in the number of naturalizations
between 1992 and 1994 occurred among the countries that
traditionally had the lowest naturalization rates, primarily
countries in Europe and North and South America. The
length of time between immigration and naturalization
also increased among these countries.
A relatively minor increase in the number of
naturalizations occurred between fiscal years 1993 and
1994 due to a one-time increase in the number of persons
eligible for naturalization. More than 600,000 of the 2.68
million aliens who gained permanent resident status under
the provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act
of 1986 became eligible for naturalization in fiscal year
1994. Although only 10,000 became naturalized citizens
in 1994, their numbers could increase over the next
several years. By the end of fiscal year 1996 almost 2.5
million legalized aliens will be eligible to apply for
naturalization.
Chart P
Naturalizations of Immigrants in Residence
before 1978 by Year of Naturalization:
Fiscal Years 1989-94
Thousands
120
1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
127
Chart Q
Median Length of Residence of those
Naturalized by Region of Birth:
Fiscal Years 1992 and 1994
Africa
Asia
Europe
North
America
Oceania
South
America
^^^^^51
■ 1994
la 1992
.1
r ' ' r ' 1 1
///////////////\
1
V////////////A
\/ ////////// A \
\ 1 \ 1 1 1 1
Years 0
10 12 14 16
Data Collection
Data on persons naturalized in tiie United States are
collected by approximately 65 INS offices where aliens
intending to naturalize file their applications. The INS
collects two types of data on naturalizations; workload
statistics and data on the characteristics of aliens who have
naturalized. The workload data consist of the number of
naturalization applications received, the number of
petitions filed with courts, and the number of aliens
naturalized during a fiscal year.
Data on the characteristics of aliens naturalized in a fiscal
year also are collected by INS offices where aliens file
their naturalization applications. These detailed
characteristics are collected either through the manual
coding of data from the naturalization application or
through the automated Naturalization Casework System
(NACS), an application tracking system which has been
implemented in the larger INS offices. The data collected
on aliens naturalized include demographic variables {e.g.,
date and country of birth, sex, marital status, and
occupation) as well as immigration-oriented variables
(e.g., date of admission for permanent residence and
section of naturalization law).
Limitations of Data
Data on naturalizations collected by the INS are limited to
aliens who have naturalized in court ceremonies or at
administrative hearings. The data include those
naturalizing as principals (Form N-400) and children
whose parents are already U.S. citizens (Form N-402).
Individuals who derive or acquire U.S. citizenship
currently are not included in the data collected by the INS.
The data on those children who automatically derive their
citizenship through their naturalizing parents are collected
only when the family requests a copy of the child's
certificate of citizenship from the INS. This document
may be requested at the time the parents (principal aliens)
become naturalized or any time thereafter. No
information is available for children who automatically
derive citizenship without a request being made for
certificates of naturalization. Thus, the number of
children deriving citizenship through the naturalization of
their parents each year is unknown.
Aliens who become U.S. citizens through the legislative
process also are not covered in data collected by the INS.
A recent example of the legislative procedure occurred
upon the dissolution of the Trust Territory of the Pacific
through which the Northern Mariana Islands became a
commonwealth of the United States, making its residents
U.S. citizens.
For some variables there is a relatively large proportion of
cases with missing information — most occurred in certain
INS offices. Approximately 52 percent of the records
with missing information are located in Los Angeles, and
18 percent in El Paso. These offices entered data on all
persons naturalized in an automated system that did not
contain all of the variables included in the statistical
system. The percent of records with missing information
by variable is: naturalization provision (6.3 percent); sex
(1.7); marital status (5.5); occupation (27.7); state of
residence (5.6); metropoUtan area of residence (5.5); and
calendar year of entry (1.2). The number of persons
whose marital status was "separated" at the time of
naturalization was overstated in the Statistical Yearbooks
for 1986-89. Persons who were single were mistakenly
counted as separated in some offices.
Naturalization Rates
While every immigrant admitted to the United States has
the right to become a naturalized citizen after fulfilling the
requirements, large numbers of immigrants never become
citizens. The term "naturalization rate" is used to refer to
the proportion of an immigrant group that gains
citizenship through naturalization. Naturalization rates
vary greatly among different categories of immigrants.
For example, immigrants who are young adults when they
arrive, or who come from distant parts of the world such
as Asia and Africa, tend to have high naturalization rates.
Persons admitted in certain classes of admission, such as
those reserved for refugees and people in professional
occupations, also are very likely to naturalize.
128
Linked-Records Method
The most precise way of calculating naturalization rates
would be to compare the number of persons who naturalize
with the number eligible to do so. The people who become
citizens in any given year are drawn from the population of
immigrants in all previous years who have survived,
remained in the United States, and served the required
waiting period of 5 years (or less for some categories of
naturalization). The exact size of the total eligible
population is very difficult to estimate, because it
represents the cumulative effect of many decades of
immigrant experience, and records are not kept of key
components such as emigration and mortality. As an
alternative to such an approach, the Immigration and
Naturalization Service has been following the
naturalization experience of two immigration-year cohorts,
those of 1977 and 1982.
These estimates of naturalization rates are done by linking
the records of the 1977 and 1982 immigrants with their
naturalization records starting in the year they became
immigrants and for each subsequent year. Record linkages
have been completed for all years through 1993, and the
naturalization rates based on these linked records form the
basis for this analysis. The calculations omit persons who
were under age 16 in the year they became permanent
resident aliens. Because children under 16 may
automatically derive U.S. citizenship based on the
naturalization of their parents, many children gain
citizenship without having a record created for them in the
naturalizations data base. Since we know from the annual
naturalizations data that the median number of years of
residence for persons naturalizing is 8 years, and that this
was relatively stable over time until 1993 and 1994, an
adequate period of time for analysis of these cohorts'
naturalization patterns is thought to have elapsed. By the
end of 1993, 41.5 percent of the 1977 immigrant cohort
and 37.6 percent of the 1982 cohort had become
naturalized citizens.
Data Overview
As Table J shows, naturalizations of the 1977 immigrant
cohort peaked during their seventh and eighth years
following admission to immigrant status (1983 and 1984).
The annual numbers becoming citizens from this cohort
declined beginning in 1984, reached a low point in 1991,
and increased again in 1992 and 1993. Fiscal year 1992
saw a general increase in applications for naturalization
that is still continuing. One reason is thought to be the
Green Card Replacement Program described above.
People from the 1977 cohort will continue to naturalize for
many years, since more than half of these immigrants have
Chart R
Naturalizations Through Fiscal Year 1993 of Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal Year 1977 by Year
Percent
Naturalized
Thousands 0
129
not yet naturalized. The early, small peak of persons who
naturalized during their fourth year (1980) illustrates the
fact that some categories of immigrants are eligible before
the 5-year waiting period required for the general
naturalization provision. These include spouses of
American citizens, for whom the waiting period is 3 years
(see Naturalization Policy).
Also, one of the largest single categories of immigrants in
1977 was Cuban refugees, many of whom had lived in the
United States since the 1960s and adjusted to immigrant
status under the provisions of the Cuban Adjustment Act of
1966. That legislation established an artificial "date of
admission" to immigrant status as 30 months prior to the
date of adjustment of status, which gave most of the 1977
Cuban immigrant cohort an admission date in 1974 or
early 1975 for naturalization purposes.
Naturalizations of the 1982 immigrant cohort, also
displayed in Table J, peaked during their seventh year
following admission to immigrant status (1988). Like the
earlier cohort, the 1982 immigrants will continue to
naturalize for many years, but unlike it, the 1982 cohort
did not contain a large number of persons eligible to
become citizens before the usual 5-year waiting period
had passed. A comparison of the cumulative
naturalization rates for the two arrival cohorts (displayed
in the last two columns of Table J) shows that during their
first 4 years after gaining immigrant status the 1977
cohort was naturalizing at a higher rate, but since the fifth
year, the 1982 cohort has been naturalizing more rapidly.
By the end of the twelfth year, the naturalization rate of
the 1982 cohort was running more than 2 percentage
points above that of the 1977 cohort.
Immigrants who fail to naturalize, the majority in these
cohorts to date, may be divided analytically into three
categories: those who die before naturalizing; those who
emigrate before naturalizing; and those who do not apply.
Failure to apply may in turn have several explanations:
problems in meeting the requirements of the naturalization
process, such as the fees; requirements for passing
examinations in the English language, history, and civics;
the showing of "good moral character"; concern about the
application process; and finally, for others, a positive
decision not to apply for a variety of reasons.
Table J
Naturalizations Through Fiscal Year 1993 of Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal Years 1977
and 1982 by Year
Years since admission
to immigrant status
Number naturalized
1977 cohort
1982 cohort
Cumulative percent naturalized
1977 cohort
1982 cohort
Total naturalized
Less than 1 year
1 - less than 2 years
2 - less than 3 years
3 - less than 4 years ....
4 - less than 5 years ....
5 - less than 6 years
6 - less than 7 years
7 - less than 8 years ....
8 - less than 9 years ....
9 - less than 10 years ..
10- less than 11 years
11 - less than 12 years
12 - less than 13 years
13 - less than 14 years
14 - less than 15 years
15 - less than 16 years
16 - less than 17 years
Unknown
X Not applicable.
130
145,935
574
2,907
3,848
6,626
4,597
16,319
27,121
24,462
15,366
9,790
6,539
6,039
5,280
4,247
3,221
3,513
5,460
26
168,461
41.4
308
.2
663
1.0
1,430
2.1
11,118
4.0
20,181
5.3
28,656
9.9
39,514
17.6
25,194
24.6
16,365
28.9
10,238
31.7
8,190
33.6
6,586
35.3
X
36.8
X
38.0
X
38.9
X
39.9
X
41.4
18
37.6
.1
.2
.5
3.0
7.5
13.9
22.8
28.4
32.0
34.3
36.1
37.6
X
X
X
X
X
X
Age at the time of immigration plays a key role in
determining who naturalizes and who does not. In the
1977 cohort, the probability of naturalizing to date is
highest for persons who were 23 years old when they
became immigrants; fully half of that group became
citizens by 1993. The pattern differs somewhat in the 1982
cohort, with people who became immigrants at age 18
being the most likely to have naturalized, and a second
peak in the probability of naturalizing among those who
were 28 years old in 1982 (Chart S). In both cohorts,
persons in their late teens and twenties at the time of
immigration generally are most likely to naturalize, and the
rate declines steadily among older immigrants. In the 1977
cohort, age 40 is the dividing line for naturalization rates
above and below the average, but in the 1982 cohort, the
comparable division is at age 35. The very low rates of
naturalization for the elderly probably reflect their higher
death rates as well as other factors.
Naturalization rates also differ greatly by visa category,
although changes in the immigration laws since these
cohorts entered have made some of the categories less
relevant to understanding naturalization patterns among
more recent arrivals. More than 64 percent of the 1977
immigrants admitted under the old seventh preference, the
category reserved for refugees at that time, had naturalized
by 1993. Fully 68 percent of the 1977 third preference
immigrants, members of the professions and their
immediate families, had also become citizens by 1993.
Similarly, 48 percent of the third preference immigrants
admitted in 1982 had naturalized by 1993. New laws
governed the admission of refugees by 1982, but most
refugee groups were still very likely to naturalize. Persons
admitted in 1982 under the Refugee Act of 1980 had a
naturalization rate of 48.5 percent by 1993, while 56.1
percent of those granted political asylum under the same
law had naturalized. Immigrants admitted under the
Indochinese Refugee Act of 1977 had a 50.1 percent
naturalization rate, while 46.3 percent of refugee-parolees
admitted under a 1978 law naturalized by 1993.
All immigrants admitted in 1977 under the numerically-
limited preference categories have naturalization rates
higher than the average for the entire cohort, although
some are not appreciably higher. Second-preference
immigrants (immediate relatives of permanent resident
aliens) are especially likely to naturalize. The pattern is
somewhat different in the 1982 cohort: persons admitted
in the occupational preferences and the second preference
had higher naturalization rates than average by 1993, but
relatives of citizens entering in the numerically-limited
preference categories were less likely to naturalize than the
average for the cohort.
For the 1977 cohort, the lowest naturalization rates are
observed among the numerically-limited Western
Chart S
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1993
of Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal
Years 1977 and 1982 by Age
Naturalization rate (percent)
50
40-
30
20
10
0
Fiscal year 1977 immigrants
Fiscal year 1982 immigrants
Age 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70+
Hemisphere immigrants (24.8 percent; a category no
longer in use), immediate relatives of U.S. citizens (34.6
percent), and nonpreference immigrants (36.9 percent;
another category no longer in use). Refugees admitted
under the Cuban Adjustment Act have a 40.1 percent
naturalization rate, slightly below the cohort average.
However, the 1977 cohort of Cuban refugees has a
relatively old age structure; when age is statistically
controlled, their naturalization rate is more like that of
other refugee groups. In the 1982 cohort also, immediate
relatives of U.S. citizens have the lowest naturalization
rate of the large immigrant categories, at 28.5 percent, and
Cuban refugees appear less likely to naturalize than other
refugees, at 30.6 percent.
The differing tendency to naturalize among immigrants
from different parts of the world is especially striking. In
general, immigrants from Asia, Africa, and Eastern
Europe are very likely to naturalize, while immigrants
from Western Europe and the Western Hemisphere are
unlikely to do so. Some interesting exceptions are
observed; for example, few Japanese immigrants become
citizens. Tables K and L display the 20 countries that
were the largest sources of immigrants aged 16 or older in
the 1977 and 1982 cohorts, respectively, with the
corresponding numbers who have naturalized through
1993 and their naturalization rates.
For the 1977 cohort (Table K), the range is from 63.3
percent naturalized for immigrants from the Soviet Union
to only 14.5 percent of the Canadians. In addition to the
Soviet Union, all of the countries with above average
131
naturalization rates are Asian except for Guyana. A similar
pattern is evident for the 1982 cohort (Table L), although the
list of top 20 countries differs somewhat. The naturalization
rate for persons who immigrated from Taiwan in 1982 had
reached 68.3 percent by 1993, while the lowest rate was
observed among Germans, 9.1 percent. Again, the only
non- Asian countries in the 1982 cohort with above average
rates of naturalization are the Soviet Union and Guyana.
Among the countries that appear in the top 20 in both years,
the 1982 cohort's rates are lower, partly because they have
had less time to naturalize, but in some cases the decline in
the rate is greater than would be expected due to the time
factor alone. The decline is particularly large among
immigrants from Korea, Jamaica, and India. The overall
higher rate at which the 1982 cohort is naturalizing despite
the observed lower rate for many major source countries
appears to be explained by the different composition of the
two immigrant cohorts. In 1982, more of the top 20 source
countries were in Asia, and a higher proportion of the
immigrants had entered as refugees.
Substantial differences in naturalization rates can also be seen
among people in different occupational categories. In general,
people in high status occupations, particularly medical
professionals and engineers, have the highest naturalization
rates. Categories of people without a substantial current
attachment to the labor force, such as homemakers and those
who report themselves to be unemployed or retired, have the
lowest naturalization rates. These observations hold true for
both the 1977 and 1982 cohorts.
Limitations of Linked-Records Method
This analysis is based on linking the records of individuals
who became immigrants in 1977 and 1982 with
naturalization records pertaining to those same individuals
in subsequent years. Errors in either record may prevent a
successful match, so some people who did naturalize may
be classified as not having done so. This would cause the
calculated naturalization rates to be understated. The rates
are also understated to the extent that immigrants die
before naturalizing. However, when age-specific U.S.
death rates are applied to the 1977 immigrant cohort, a
preliminary analysis indicates that mortality has an
estimated effect of only about 3 percentage points on the
calculated naturalization rate overall. This relatively small
effect is due to the young age structure of the immigrant
cohort, implying few expected deaths in the time frame of
this analysis.
The record linkage work was performed anew for this
analysis. In the 1977 cohort, it added 6,598 matched
naturalization records for persons aged 16 and older, of
which 5,460 persons were naturalized in fiscal year 1993
and the remaining persons in earlier years, primarily 1992.
For the 1982 cohort, the record linkage work added 8,906
records, including 6,586 persons who naturalized in fiscal
year 1993. Small changes also appear for both cohorts in
the distribution of years of naturalization beginning in
fiscal year 1983, compared to the figures published in the
1993 Statistical Yearbook.
Table K
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1993 of Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal Year 1977
by Selected Country of Birth
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1977
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1993
Rate
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1977
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1993
Rate
Ail countries ,
Soviet Union
Philippines
China, Mainland
Korea
Guyana
India
Colombia
Jamaica
Cuba
Haiti
352,071
4,535
31,686
14,421
19,824
4,115
15,033
6,138
7,896
57,023
4,268
145,935
2,872
19,635
8,787
11,060
2,295
8,066
2,488
3,200
22,672
1,631
41.5
63.3
62.0
60.9
55.8
55.8
53.7
40.5
40.5
39.8
38.2
Greece 6,577 2,080 31.6
Trinidad & Tobago . 4,516 1,350 29.9
Ecuador 4,063 1,028 25.3
Portugal 6,964 1,743 25.0
Dominican Republic 8,955 2,178 24.3
United Kingdom .... 8,982 1,733 19.3
Mexico 30,967 5,461 17.6
Italy 5,843 975 16.7
Germany 4,899 719 14.7
Canada 9,000 1,309 14.5
Other 96,366 44,653 46.3
Ages 16 and over. Naturalizations through 1993 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
132
Table L
Naturalization Rates Through Fiscal Year 1993 of Immigrants Admitted in Fiscal Year 1982
by Selected Country of Birth
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1982
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1993
Rate'
Country of birth
Immigrants in 1982
Number
admitted
Naturalizations
through 1993
Rate
AH countries
Taiwan
Philippines
Vietnam
Soviet Union
Guyana
China, Mainland
h-an
Cambodia
India
Korea
447,766
7,304
36,015
49,721
11,837
6,800
23,409
9,231
8,921
17,902
23,000
168,461
4,991
21,664
28,977
6,751
3,394
11,559
4,486
3,598
6,969
7,759
37.6
68.3
60.2
58.3
57.0
49.9
49.4
48.6
40.3
38.9
33.7
Colombia
Laos
Cuba
Haiti
Jamaica ...
Dominican Republic
United Kingdom ....
Mexico
Canada
Germany
Other
6,637
22,480
6,955
6,904
13,213
12,951
11,325
41,929
7,787
5,707
117,738
2,027
6,340
1,878
1,768
3,227
2,509
1,615
5,002
822
521
42,604
30.5
28.2
27.0
25.6
24.4
19.4
14.3
11.9
10.6
9.1
36.2
Ages 16andover. '^ Naturalizations through 1993 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
The naturalization rates reported here represent the
cumulative experience of the 1977 and 1982 immigrant
cohorts through 1993. These rates will continue to increase
over time as more of these immigrants become citizens.
The yearly increment is expected to remain fairly small,
although the upturn in naturalizations in recent years is
likely to have a continued effect. The experience of these
cohorts will continue to be reported in future Yearbooks.
This analysis covers only two cohorts. It is possible that
immigrants arriving in earlier or later years behave
differently with regard to naturalization, as indicated by the
differences noted between the two cohorts.
Country-Cohort Method
Naturalization rates have been calculated using another
method, comparing immigration and naturalization cohorts
over a period of time by country of birth. Chart T shows
the number of immigrants admitted from the 15 leading
countries of birth who entered the United States during the
1970-79 period, and the number of persons from those
countries who naturalized during 1970-94 and reported
entry during 1970-79. The rates computed by the country-
cohort method generally correspond to the naturalization
rates calculated by the record-linkage method, despite the
fact that the country-cohort method is less precise.
Overall, nearly 43 percent of these immigrants had
naturalized by the end of fiscal year 1994.
The naturalization rates calculated for the 1970-79
country cohorts range from the low observation for
Canada, with 17.1 percent having naturalized through
fiscal year 1994, to Vietnam, with 92.6 percent. Of the
15 countries with the greatest number of immigrants in
the 1970-79 country cohorts, Asian countries have the
highest naturalization rates. In addition to Vietnam,
China (Mainland and Taiwan combined) (68.2 percent),
the Philippines (65.9), Korea (61.1), and India (58.7) are
the countries with the highest rates of naturalization
calculated by this method. The two countries with the
lowest rates are contiguous to the United States — Canada
(17.1 percent) and Mexico (19.2). Other countries within
North America have higher rates of naturalization, such
as Cuba (34.8 percent) and Jamaica (38.5).
Naturalization rates for the European countries range
from 24.7 percent for the United Kingdom to 41.6
percent for Greece.
Limitations of Country-Cohort Method
The country-cohort results are not as precise as those
calculated by linking individual records because
persons under the age of 16 who may have derived
their citizenship are included in the number of
immigrants in the denominator but are not counted as
naturalizations in the numerator. Other errors may
result from misreporting of the year of initial entry in
either the immigrant or naturalized citizen records. On
the other hand, by combining immigrants from several
years, the country-cohort method may avoid possible
bias from unusual immigrant characteristics in any
single year.
133
Chart T
Immigrants Admitted, Calendar Years 1970-79 by Selected Country of Birth
OI
X iivjsc Aim
■ Ilgl CIIII.9.
1.' ■s«,<ti i. ca
13 xi^/u-^^t
Percent
Naturalized
Mexico
^^^//////////////////////////////////A
19.2
Philippines
1^^^^^^^^
65.9
Cuba
^■■/////////////l
34.8
Korea
^^^^//////A
61.1
China
India
Vietnam
^mm////A
68.2
58.7
92.6
Dominican Republic
mi//////A
Total immigrants _ ■ Naturalized
admitted 1 0 Not naturalized
30.1
Italy
m//////A
263
Jamaica
^////A
38.5
United Kingdom
m/////A
24.7
Canada
Portugal
Greece
Colombia
w////yA
Wl///A
17.1
34.1
41.6
46.8
Thousands (
, . , ■ 1 • 1 • 1 • 1 ■
) 100 200 300 400 500 600
NOTE: China includes Mainland China and Taiwan.
The naturalization rate of 92.6 percent calculated for
Vietnamese in the 1970-79 cohorts is substantially higher than
the 66.1 percent naturalization rate through 1993 observed
among Vietnamese in the 1977 cohort alone. The 1970-79
cohort figures are dominated by the large number of
Vietnamese refugees who arrived in 1975 and became
permanent resident aliens in 1978, the first year they were
allowed to adjust their status under the Indochina Refugee Act.
134
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
TABLE 45. PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATIONS FILED, PERSONS NATURALIZED,
AND PETITIONS FOR NATURALIZATIONS DENIED
FISCAL YEAR 1907-94
Year
Petitions filed
Persons naturalized
Total
Civilian
Military
Not reported
Petitions denied
1907-94 ...
1907-10 ...
1911-20 ...
1921-30 ...
1931-40 ...
1941-50 ...
1951-60 ...
1961-70 ...
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971-80 ...
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1976, TQ
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981-90 ...
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991-94 ..
1991
1992
1993
1994
14,924,966
164,036
1,381,384
1,884,277
1,637,113
1,938,066
1,230,483
1,142,985
138,718
129,682
121,170
113,218
106,813
104,853
108,369
103,085
102,317
114,760
1,556,307
109,897
121,883
126,929
136,175
149,399
157,932
41,220
186,354
168,854
165,434
192,230
2,375,727
171,073
201,507
187,719
286.440
305,981
290,732
232,988
237,752
227,692
233,843
1,614,588
206,668
342,269
522,298
543,353
13,779,022
111,738
1,128,972
1,773,185
1,518,464
1,987,028
1,189,946
1,120,263
132,450
127,307
124,178
112,234
104,299
103,059
104,902
102,726
98,709
1 10,399
1,464,772
108,407
116,215
120,740
131,655
141,537
142,504
48,218
159,873
173,535
164,150
157,938
2,214,265
166,317
173,688
178,948
197,023
244,717
280,623
227,008
242,063
233,777
270,101
1,270,389
308,058
240,252
314,681
407,398
13,035,922
111,738
884,672
1,716,979
1,498,573
1,837,229
1,148,241
1,084,195
130,731
124,972
121,618
109,629
101,214
100,498
102,211
100,288
93,251
99,783
1397,846
98,858
107,740
112,944
124,807
135,323
136,873
46,705
154,568
168,409
158,276
153,343
2,155,519
162,227
170,071
175,678
192,113
238,394
275,352
224,100
239,541
231,198
246,845
U00,930
299,373
222,519
303.211
375,827
663,500
244,300
56,206
19,891
149,799
41.705
36,068
1,719
2,335
2,560
2,605
3,085
2,561
2,691
2,438
5,458
10,616
66,926
9,549
8,475
7,796
6,848
6,214
5,631
1,513
5,305
5,126
5,874
4,595
28317
4,090
3,617
3,196
2,965
3,266
2,901
2,402
2,296
1,954
1,630
20,288
1,804
5,702
7,069
5,713
79,600
30,429
74
1,945
3,057
2.370
506
226
625
21,626
49,171
6,881
12,031
4,401
25,858
644,907
17,702
118.725
165,493
45,792
64,814
27,569
23,557
3,175
3,557
2,436
2,309
2.059
2,029
2,008
1,962
2,043
1,979
27,978
2,028
1,837
1,708
2,210
2,300
2,231
568
2,845
3,894
3,987
4,370
47,224
4,316
3,994
3,160
3,373
3,610
5,980
6,771
4,304
5,200
6,516
106,053
6,268
19,293
39,931
40,561
- Represents zero.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. See Naturalization section of text for an explanation of the data collected by the INS's workload measurement
system and INS data on characteristics of persons naturalized,
unreported information for 1990-92 and 1994.
See Naturalization section of text for an explanation of the large number of naturalizations with
136
TABLE 46. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY GENERAL AND SPECIAL NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1989-94
Naturalization provisions
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total naturalized
General provisions
Special provisions
Persons married to U.S. citizens
Children, including adopted children, of U.S.
citizen parents
Military
Persons who served in the U.S. antied forces
for 3 years
Persons who served in the U.S. armed
forces during World War I, World War II,
the Korean hostilities, the Vietnam
hostilities, or the Grenada campaign
Lodge Act enlistees
Persons honorably discharged from the U.S.
armed forces following service in
World War 11
Natives of the Philippines who served
honorably in the Philippine Army during
World War II
Other
Surviving spouses of citizen members of the
armed forces of the United States
Employees of nonprofit organizations engaged
in disseminating information promoting
U.S. interests
Persons who served on certain U.S. vessels
Nationals but not citizens of the United States .
Phihppine citizens who entered the United
States prior to May 1, 1934, and have
resided continuously in the United States ....
Certain inhabitants of the Virgin Islands who
renounced Danish citizenship
Former U.S. citizens who lost citizenship by
marriage
Former U.S. citizens who lost citizenship by
entering the armed forces of foreign
countries during World War II
Persons naturalized under private law
Persons who perform ininisterial or priestly
functions of a religious order in the
United States
Not reported
233,777
210.673
22,479
14,346
6,087
1,954
1,314
631
5
X
92
2
29
5
15
5
19
625
270,101
225,319
23,156
15,126
6,339
1,630
1,208
418
X
61
I
19
5
13
17
21,626
308,058
269,594
31,583
21,833
7,901
1,804
1,139
625
35
45
3
12
10
10
6,881
240,252
197,559
30,662
19,151
5,743
5,702
989
429
4,282
66
1
14
21
12,031
314,681
273,857
36,423
22,392
6,759
7,069
1,019
500
5,546
203
10
I
21
14
10
38
105
4,401
407398
342,863
38,677
24,941
7,718
5,713
1,028
194
3
4,487
305
2
27
15
67
175
25,858
NOTE: See Naturalization section of text for explanation of the large number of naturalizations with unreported information for 1990-92 and 1994.
- Represents zero. X Not applicable.
137
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of former allegiance
Total
naturalized
General
provisions
Special provisions
Total
Married to
U.S. citizens
Children of
U.S. parents
Military
Other
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia .
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
Cyprus
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Saudi Arabia
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Algeria
Camaroon
Cape Verde
Egypt
407,398
61,476
277
252
228
670
248
132
1,698
3,590
2,538
777
1,615
5,622
687
174
6,857
5,997
3,250
6,708
794
293
560
15,003
2,917
589
173,550
1,884
1,151
692
3,754
20,828
191
20,454
451
8,746
1,635
3,041
1,292
2,836
11,389
409
5,643
4,255
484
4,455
37,304
129
196
489
1,631
9,450
1,467
1,555
26,833
768
138
15327
167
172
516
2,430
342,863
54,252
237
218
160
611
224
112
1,469
3,116
2,212
634
1,442
5,230
598
151
6,133
5,677
2,691
5,812
670
264
485
13,049
2,558
499
138,766
1,723
952
592
3,388
17,628
152
17,822
336
7,444
1,400
2,297
1,103
2,024
9,055
235
5,194
3,067
355
3,624
23,847
67
151
395
1,131
7,938
1,108
1,198
24,173
273
94
12,442
124
125
439
1,787
38,677
4,170
22
22
42
30
14
13
141
233
190
70
112
156
50
15
514
132
351
351
70
14
44
1,277
267
40
24,173
87
156
47
74
2,215
32
1,836
67
500
177
574
92
687
1,243
154
187
925
103
655
11,239
48
31
54
374
769
205
260
881
462
39
2,166
37
38
46
493
24,941
3,098
16
19
25
22
11
11
126
183
153
54
91
146
45
12
390
75
182
222
45
12
40
983
214
21
14,210
44
108
37
22
1,804
29
1,249
45
442
151
479
68
588
695
134
40
796
81
473
5,258
31
28
45
339
576
109
243
242
29
25
1,950
36
29
37
444
7,718
977
6
2
16
6
3
1
14
31
34
15
17
10
3
2
117
53
166
126
22
2
4
260
53
14
4,592
43
47
8
48
392
3
580
21
54
26
91
23
99
522
19
145
125
20
178
726
17
3
8
35
189
91
14
619
433
13
176
9
9
47
5,713
65
1
1
17
1
1
4
25
5,151
1
1
4
1
15
1
2
3
2
2
5,087
1
5
2
10
34
1
305
30
1
1
5
220
1
11
5
2
3
2
168
1
3
1
10
1
6
See footnotes at end of table.
138
TABLE 47. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED NATURALIZATION PROVISIONS
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country
of former allegiance
Total
naturalized
General
provisions
Special provisions
Total
Married to
U.S. citizens
Children of
U.S. parents
Military
Other
Not
reported
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Libya
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Not reported
2.372
1,112
346
620
158
681
3,714
399
160
1,091
136
236
165
852
1,774
313
687
256
166
171
181
120,734
8,782
39,310
57,300
613
232
1,423
15,896
382
11,399
815
7,982
12,173
578
378
533
4,896
15342
560
965
4,998
2,625
2,123
2,269
1,802
33,974
2,245
783
1,298
1,129
12,067
3,791
6,066
257
4,520
654
1,075
89
216
347
2,142
954
293
500
126
373
3,115
333
122
901
93
197
145
673
1,514
271
615
204
143
136
145
105,780
7,807
31,676
53,384
550
208
1,344
15,310
337
10,168
780
7,543
11,320
493
331
498
4,502
12,913
496
825
4,366
2,129
1,806
1,957
1,334
29,781
1,911
655
1.019
946
10,884
3,476
5,556
133
3,644
606
874
77
202
126
98
117
34
88
18
280
484
49
33
145
35
25
9
137
189
26
59
33
16
26
29
5,237
500
1,217
2,235
25
23
46
95
14
823
23
280
564
27
28
19
268
1,285
37
64
267
241
197
186
293
2,706
156
70
195
95
730
147
378
79
653
29
163
11
14
22
77
97
29
74
18
275
446
44
30
130
28
23
9
124
145
22
49
29
15
21
9
3,527
348
916
1,383
14
15
31
56
9
476
10
206
315
15
19
14
203
880
23
50
201
114
128
148
216
1,995
139
57
136
59
511
107
243
17
558
25
134
9
10
6
16
17
4
7
4
27
3
13
7
2
II
17
3
9
2
2
1
1,293
125
196
663
7
3
7
24
3
322
11
67
166
7
9
4
33
309
4
12
50
116
67
24
36
644
15
11
58
35
196
30
124
61
84
3
26
1
4
15
5
2
1
6
I
11
4
12
1
1
2
1
2
5
393
24
101
176
3
5
7
12
2
24
2
7
77
5
1
31
92
10
2
14
11
2
13
40
58
1
2
1
1
21
10
11
1
5
1
3
1
15
1
14
24
3
4
13
1
I
3
132
41
19
32
14
28
115
17
5
45
8
14
11
42
71
16
13
19
7
9
7
9,717
475
6,417
1,681
38
I
33
491
31
408
12
159
289
58
19
16
126
1,144
27
76
365
255
120
126
175
1,487
178
58
84
88
453
168
132
45
223
19
38
1
199
- Represents zero.
139
TABLE 48. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
Region and country of
former allegiance
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All countries
Europe
Czechoslovakia
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Burma
Cambodia
China, Mainland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
South Africa
Other Africa
See footnotes at end of table.
244,717
45,599
480
1,145
3,352
4,283
845
911
3,816
585
2,939
3,579
1,400
8,935
710
309
8,833
1,908
1,569
113,084
154
337
855
860
11,743
10,357
489
3,431
1,571
2,117
1,053
1,628
16,824
44
1,616
2,964
305
1,950
28,954
267
902
3,407
1,518
932
18,060
300
446
5,305
96
1,803
258
284
212
108
185
166
62
954
1,177
280,623
44,598
697
1,147
3,248
2,750
824
991
3,110
569
3,140
4,177
1,816
9,370
658
285
8,609
1,758
1,449
134,695
297
296
888
1,847
11,151
10,017
538
4,569
1,659
2,300
1,011
1,819
18,037
111
3,426
3,011
315
2,285
31,002
238
1,096
4,501
1,750
1,019
30,840
254
418
6334
101
1,888
474
497
225
109
253
211
66
1,296
1,214
227,008
36,532
699
975
2,315
2,083
661
813
2,601
485
2,731
3,518
1,909
7,276
487
225
7,102
1,495
1,157
H3392
528
334
634
2,816
9,208
8,659
425
4,277
1,316
1,740
752
1,700
14,233
94
3,159
2,350
336
1,976
25,296
236
890
4,033
1,327
980
25,469
229
395
5,956
196
1,731
714
434
197
159
239
159
96
884
1,147
242,063
36,351
775
950
2,363
2,239
683
827
2,852
449
4,145
3,236
2,060
5,304
616
254
7,042
1,484
1,072
114,849
905
419
532
3,132
10,509
9,983
384
4,970
1,397
1,815
1,041
1,834
13,012
119
3,480
2,262
323
2,174
24,580
230
1,097
5,716
1,308
1,242
21,636
317
432
7,122
204
1,960
1,142
617
186
224
274
274
117
746
1,378
233,777
35,079
949
940
2,196
2,768
580
787
2,492
410
5,002
2,698
2,190
3,020
490
246
7,865
1,342
1,104
111,488
1,051
496
479
3,234
11,664
9,833
352
4,485
1,387
1,703
727
1,872
11,301
198
3,463
2,213
362
2,443
24,802
298
908
5,779
1,167
1,085
19,357
349
480
7,209
223
1,638
1,246
567
202
229
243
932
137
687
1,105
270,101
37,264
916
1,091
2,395
2,270
743
742
2,453
410
5,972
2,491
2,914
2,847
535
302
8,286
1,640
1,257
124,675
1,141
696
597
3,525
13,563
11,499
350
5,973
1,855
2,102
736
2,408
10,500
247
3,329
2,797
426
3,330
25.936
335
1,146
6,895
1,145
1,214
22,027
419
484
8,770
272
1,945
1,370
714
257
283
320
1,415
163
697
1,334
308,058
37,808
843
1,413
2,197
1,820
814
746
1,976
508
5,493
1,848
3,471
2,822
436
357
9,935
1,642
1,487
160,367
1,392
874
827
4,786
16,783
12,961
603
10,411
1,641
2,789
938
2,493
12,266
301
3,594
3,570
477
3,670
33,714
464
1,480
10,876
1,379
1,349
29,603
590
536
10,230
178
2,644
1,453
669
273
356
365
1,775
194
883
1,440
240,252
30,781
676
1,124
1,901
1,769
608
738
1,618
378
4,681
1,884
2,457
1,648
462
310
7,800
1,452
1,275
121,965
1,047
967
454
2,749
13,488
13,413
309
6,778
1,196
2,376
621
2,297
8,297
299
3,052
2,881
388
3,350
28,579
333
1,200
6,408
962
1,124
18,357
528
512
9,628
226
2,098
1,505
692
237
359
396
1,862
187
650
1,416
314,681
42,162
629
1,239
2,554
2,135
624
1,079
3,495
471
5,551
3,978
2,699
2,763
615
393
10,158
2,198
1,581
145,318
1,539
942
469
3,149
16,851
16,506
408
7,029
1,522
2,609
989
2,678
9,611
344
3,945
3,402
418
3,777
33,864
445
1,312
7,384
1,169
1,229
22,427
706
594
11,293
216
2,045
1,858
722
307
455
482
2,378
292
830
1,708
407398
61,476
670
1,698
3,590
2,538
777
1,615
5,622
687
6,857
5,997
3,250
6,708
794
560
15,003
2.917
2,193
173,550
1,884
1,151
692
3,754
20,828
20.454
451
8,746
1.635
3.041
1,292
2,836
11,389
409
5,643
4,255
484
4,455
37,304
489
1,631
9,450
1,467
1,555
26,833
768
654
15327
516
2,430
2,372
1,112
346
620
681
3,714
399
1,091
2,046
140
TABLE 48. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94— Continued
Region and country of
former allegiance
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bohvia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
U.S. possessions
Stateless or not reported
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
869
166
317
386
61,761
3,824
23,042
26,899
225
885
10,487
205
5,887
267
2,545
4,809
68
69
106
1,280
66
7,996
265
819
2,119
1,408
1,219
965
1,201
15,227
1,456
484
655
1,213
4,136
1,739
2,628
1,969
458
348
141
22
2,850
1,057
180
368
509
73,899
3,787
27,807
32,442
178
1,036
13,818
165
5,980
250
2,608
6,563
75
66
103
1,476
124
9,863
366
968
2,628
1,841
1,400
1,343
1,317
16,925
1,593
514
615
1,242
5,156
1,870
2,784
2,180
337
468
166
13
3,102
902
115
377
410
54,794
2,919
21,999
21,751
205
794
6,738
266
4,257
290
1,936
5,196
154
221
205
1,427
62
8,125
316
658
2,428
1,490
964
1,118
1,151
13,945
1,194
401
466
955
4,006
1,519
2,694
1,844
379
373
114
3
1,484
779
76
353
350
65,096
2,947
22,085
31,110
550
896
11,228
421
5,842
360
2,350
6,441
325
281
250
2,079
87
8,954
426
726
2,291
1,358
1,229
1,363
1,561
16,972
1,288
448
553
1,040
5,021
1,774
3,535
2,255
406
490
162
31
863
868
81
436
351
61,954
2,922
18,520
31,952
490
931
9,514
436
6,454
413
3,692
6,455
405
249
263
2,552
98
8,560
373
676
2,001
1,281
1,167
1,271
1,791
16,503
1,246
424
564
887
4,736
1,671
3,654
2,267
381
521
152
52
624
881
110
374
397
64,730
3,644
17,564
34320
339
970
10,291
399
5,984
459
5,009
6,762
265
204
279
3,198
161
9,202
389
589
2,410
1,280
1,259
1,520
1,755
19,548
1,466
471
674
866
5,540
2,052
4,306
2,829
433
751
160
52
14,181
1,045
116
477
452
71,838
4,441
22,066
34,025
478
852
9,554
550
6,368
456
4,436
6,838
699
286
324
3,033
151
11306
499
792
3,653
1,832
1,306
1,732
1,492
20,928
1,850
519
683
920
5,513
2,215
4,826
3,088
400
747
167
53
5,789
891
140
398
353
56,710
4,067
12,880
32,272
376
669
7,763
308
8,464
421
3,993
6,765
307
194
254
2,602
156
7,491
304
547
2,056
1,086
1,248
1,100
1,150
19,982
1,237
423
679
713
6,439
1,857
4,717
2,633
371
730
183
51
244
1,208
230
544
434
87,751
6,662
23,630
47,061
439
855
15,109
285
12,274
552
5,202
7,976
372
236
328
3,293
140
10,398
381
672
3,057
1,682
1,713
1,500
1,393
26,464
1,611
571
922
862
9,976
2,703
4,938
3,274
577
829
201
76
409
1,673
313
687
673
120,734
8,782
39,310
57300
613
1,423
15,896
382
11,399
815
7,982
12,173
578
378
533
4,896
232
15342
560
965
4,998
2,625
2,123
2,269
1,802
33,974
2,245
783
1,298
1,129
12,067
3,791
6,066
4,520
654
1,075
346
101
563
- Represents zero.
NOTE: See Naturalizations section of text for an explanation of the large number of naturalizations witli unreported information for 1990-92.
141
TABLE 49. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SEX, MARITAL STATUS, AND MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
FISCAL YEARS 1989-94
Sex, marital status, and occupation
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total
Male
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated '
Unknown
Female
Single
Married
Widowed
Divorced
Separated '
Unknown
Not reported
Major occupation group:
Professional, technical, and kindred workers
Managers and administrators (except farm) ..
Sales workers
Clerical
Craftsmen and kindred workers
Operatives and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing workers
Service workers
Homemakers, children, and others with
no occupation reported
233,777
115,825
31,960
72,119
865
6,111
4,736
34
117,837
25,788
76,760
3,850
7,548
3,841
50
115
21,404
12,923
11,726
25,371
14,451
26,940
1,447
29,332
90,183
270,101
15,158
23,876
14,058
13,938
25,421
16,270
29,105
1,253
31,655
1 14,525
308,058
127,847
151,620
38,723
46,383
79,082
92,913
1,054
1,353
7,788
10,161
531
491
669
319
127,096
150,140
30,040
36,798
82,822
96,610
4,433
5,350
8,452
10,570
574
478
775
334
6,298
25,479
15,776
17,435
40,778
13,826
21,136
1,195
57,643
114,790
240,252
120.430
31,596
75,328
1,391
8,251
236
3,628
114,273
25,029
72,841
4,498
8,153
250
3,502
5,549
23,456
13,659
10,437
29.759
11,211
20,602
1,316
21,889
107,923
314,681
791
27,954
24,047
15,379
34,926
15,353
27,893
1,735
27,749
139,645
407,398
155,910
193,510
40,667
48,705
102,320
122,385
2,109
2,158
10,511
12,888
171
134
132
7,240
157,980
206,882
34,279
42,982
103,094
128,975
7,817
9,966
12,501
16,321
138
144
151
8,494
7,006
35,718
25,383
16,575
38.887
17,663
46,246
2,134
33,435
191,357
' The number of naturalized persons who were separated is overstated in fiscal year 1989.
NOTE: See Naturalizations section of text for an explanation of the large number of naturalizations with unreported information for 1990-92 and 1994.
142
TABLE 50. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
State of residence
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
Total
Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Rorida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
Northern Mariana Is.
Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
Other or unknown ..
244,717
609
574
2,576
456
70,519
2,379
3,709
291
582
10,362
1,804
4,291
285
10,389
1,159
745
1,331
910
2,490
269
6,116
5,898
5,582
2,106
432
1,292
152
425
1,489
341
15,278
829
37,250
1,626
203
3,257
1,819
1,678
4,630
1,113
1,289
78
846
19,206
793
135
5,147
4,349
278
1,469
118
1,547
939
773
504
280,623
664
577
3.121
605
105,284
2,490
3,650
258
817
20,366
1,834
4,760
288
18,606
1,275
715
1,226
675
2,575
318
5,116
6,187
3,758
2,295
381
1,314
161
555
1,254
344
6,483
751
39,571
1,702
'65
3,373
1,284
1,473
4,117
1,476
558
168
1,033
13,439
1,335
223
4,892
2,684
235
1,462
143
1,274
653
235
425
227,008
506
509
2,788
540
82,607
1,878
2,589
329
385
8,041
1,856
4,070
199
9,809
807
229
1,268
630
1,406
354
4,180
5,219
3,869
1,623
239
1.493
91
167
1,302
295
15,054
4
32,320
1,208
137
3,439
571
1,335
6,663
1,310
484
69
911
13,266
875
120
3,335
3,261
241
829
67
1,156
270
454
351
242,063
646
622
2,136
417
65.397
2.252
3,209
347
696
15,589
2,104
3,763
230
6,330
1,148
454
1,360
438
2,115
214
3,578
4,640
3,764
1,107
259
1,226
127
403
1,228
253
23,728
930
38,457
1,609
212
2,853
1,793
1,566
5,900
1,219
1,112
96
1,004
18,625
1,152
233
5,000
4,915
267
1,406
119
1,297
1,705
738
75
233,777
653
490
2,562
374
50,286
2,535
3,938
365
832
14,216
3.235
6,426
122
13,761
806
655
1,119
572
1,847
377
3,884
5,928
2,588
2,045
423
1,370
45
402
1,382
399
15,859
924
41,922
1,644
186
2.651
1.300
1.985
5.606
1.025
1,028
144
1.015
17.372
787
115
6,799
4,485
199
940
84
1,469
1,061
1,433
107
270,101
590
607
2,152
388
61,736
1,414
3,895
301
613
22,978
2,952
5,077
481
19.868
1,085
609
899
514
1,882
342
5,114
5.923
5,295
2,126
301
1,267
197
376
1,209
300
17,969
820
44,619
1,362
132
3,037
1,167
1,736
4,218
1,970
761
87
1,002
24,529
866
175
5,606
3,519
176
477
72
1,146
1,054
180
2,930
308,058
798
463
2.090
413
125.661
2.004
4,221
310
569
23,281
3,414
3,955
247
11,637
1.014
489
681
338
1,145
280
3.663
4.810
4.282
1.862
300
890
87
339
1.026
303
15.052
386
44.808
1.856
163
3,184
1,458
1,867
4,323
927
713
117
1.043
16,266
585
200
5.353
3.289
261
1.499
57
1,318
17
853
1,449
442
240,252
598
793
3,037
380
52.41 1
1.402
5.070
289
786
21,129
2,299
4,475
208
10.891
1.323
374
911
567
1,709
400
4,620
7.381
2.616
1.850
315
1.453
127
432
1.533
357
16,598
495
43,447
2.172
119
2.669
876
1.994
3.839
1,043
670
62
979
17,631
649
219
4,662
4,307
137
681
50
987
24
1,947
538
3,721
314,681
719
530
2,548
405
68,100
2,732
6,125
423
773
26,628
4,185
4,960
255
17,394
1,395
578
1,085
534
2.016
584
9.864
6.574
6.091
1.921
426
1,379
165
4,411
1,518
387
18,495
665
55,519
2,397
159
3,382
1,092
2,146
7,236
1,720
675
85
1,039
26,403
950
221
7,141
5,741
205
6
43
1,131
32
1,852
752
889
- Represents zero.
NOTE: See Naturalizations section of text for an explanation of the large number of naturalizations with unreported information for 1 990-92.
143
TABLE 51. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
All
China.
State of residence
countries
Canada
Mainland
Colombia
Cuba
Republic
Guyana
Haiti
India
Iran
ToUl
407,398
8,782
20,828
12,067
15,896
11,399
6,066
7,982
20,454
8,746
Alabama
955
28
35
10
5
8
3
2
137
56
Alaska
649
18
9
5
2
10
-
2
7
5
Arizona
3,983
188
113
41
14
6
4
2
144
85
Arkansas
754
21
19
7
2
2
1
39
10
California
90,279
1,181
7,771
700
814
65
81
31
3,179
3,110
Colorado
3,185
153
100
36
5
8
7
4
92
115
Connecticut
5,461
268
95
231
34
70
76
213
357
71
Delaware
688
28
36
2
8
5
13
10
96
18
District of Columbia
1,305
11
74
27
5
40
48
25
26
30
Florida
35,389
777
375
3.098
11.479
959
333
2.026
582
280
Georgia
5,419
159
142
171
72
33
66
31
515
172
Hawaii
4,659
54
366
5
-
5
2
16
11
304
18
22
2
1
-
-
12
5
Illinois
17,363
195
729
340
139
44
16
75
1,799
189
Indiana
1,607
67
55
15
7
5
-
2
176
51
Iowa
838
51
18
6
3
1
2
49
19
Kansas
1,063
31
19
13
10
2
-
87
38
Kentucky
777
31
18
10
2
6
5
3
84
47
Louisiana
1,660
19
38
49
61
2
9
4
99
28
Maine
473
220
19
3
-
2
-
1
1
8
Maryland
9.571
129
388
205
43
79
264
123
884
457
Massachusetts
14,589
535
1,100
228
58
576
67
732
663
214
Michigan
7,730
598
179
31
60
14
24
11
665
82
2,985
382
156
19
77
12
23
3
7
7
67
2
6
1
111
54
75
Mississippi
9
Missouri
1,236
50
53
14
5
1
2
5
121
38
Montana
81
10
7
2
-
-
-
-
1
Nebraska
4,146
12
14
2
2
3
1
-
24
10
Nevada
1,935
63
60
34
70
3
2
1
59
33
New Hampshire
920
260
31
13
4
24
5
8
47
18
24,618
234
527
1,726
1.299
1.189
572
871
2,639
170
New Mexico
693
21
9
3
3
2
2
1
31
24
67,457
2,092
138
4,536
703
114
13
175
5.027
58
1
193
3,269
45
3
46
735
13
7
6,646
17
1
18
4.092
7
44
3,485
9
1
9
2,513
233
7
501
638
53
North Dakota
6
Ohio
85
Oklahoma
1,287
51
16
19
5
2
4
1
78
68
Oregon
2,480
150
186
16
15
1
1
74
85
9,671
273
407
187
37
82
57
102
1,025
144
Rhode Island
2.303
1,392
42
57
68
113
167
41
8
8
183
10
1
6
28
4
45
143
13
South Carolina
32
South Dakota
151
1.573
5
78
4
38
1
12
3
1
6
8
1
2
3
192
5
Tennessee
98
Texas
25.146
317
529
515
194
80
59
20
1,352
619
Utah
1,157
61
42
18
4
6
-
2
24
61
Vermont
370
177
8
4
1
-
-
10
4
Virginia
8,043
125
239
137
26
38
26
21
477
407
Washington
6,868
405
459
37
14
3
6
4
171
146
West Virginia
229
12
7
5
.
_
3
2
44
16
Wisconsin
11
-
-
-
-
1
-
Wyoming
120
13
7
-
-
-
-
-
11
1
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
1,445
4
15
3
2
1
-
1
4
3
Northern Mariana Is
37
2
-
-
1
1
Puerto Rico
1.486
1,116
8
1
49
96
172
3
829
40
4
4
7
5
5
10
-
Virgin Islands
.
Other or unknown
22,593
393
850
391
435
266
70
86
735
782
See footnotes at end of table.
144
TABLE 51. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND STATE OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
United
State of residence
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Taiwan
Kingdom
Vietnam
Other
Total
12,173
11,389
39,310
37,304
6,857
5,997
9,450
15,003
26,833
130,862
Alabama
20
58
18
63
6
3
46
55
63
339
Alaska
6
67
26
283
8
1
7
12
8
173
Arizona
4
89
1,816
192
36
5
73
150
155
866
Arkansas
4
22
27
61
12
1
14
52
143
317
California
185
2,621
14,824
13,573
352
1,224
3,778
3,864
11,209
21.717
Colorado
18
176
505
179
75
3
74
153
305
1,177
Connecticut
656
47
23
150
449
222
57
288
156
1,998
Delaware
29
26
8
65
13
1
34
49
20
227
District of Columbia
78
16
12
65
5
2
7
42
21
771
Florida
3,162
148
285
911
215
65
110
821
602
9,161
Georgia
201
387
139
199
36
7
153
262
408
2,266
5
403
28
2,571
7
3
68
182
245
688
Idaho
.
12
69
28
3
7
3
16
23
83
Illinois
126
603
3,625
1,574
1,814
9
211
333
302
5,240
Indiana
11
39
301
91
39
4
44
56
56
588
4
38
55
42
8
-
21
27
159
335
Kansas
8
37
145
53
7
-
26
40
169
378
Kentucky
12
48
27
65
7
22
43
59
288
Louisiana
9
21
31
78
4
1
14
47
391
755
Maine
2
8
5
28
23
1
6
34
15
97
Maryland
444
648
53
567
84
26
304
336
356
4,181
Massachusetts
264
138
32
195
344
2,137
181
704
1,259
5,162
Michigan
65
170
207
322
320
7
118
316
281
4,260
Minnesota
8
70
86
122
35
3
32
104
446
1,550
Mississippi
9
7
11
35
-
1
3
30
61
125
Missouri
11
50
62
121
24
1
51
57
130
440
Montana
-
4
4
10
3
1
8
1
30
Nebraska
2
22
85
3,697
10
-
12
19
51
180
Nevada
4
64
341
436
13
2
36
61
89
564
New Hampshire
8
23
3
28
19
26
14
60
46
283
841
563
86
1,754
772
971
571
679
309
8,845
1
5,140
17
1,179
218
253
47
1,863
15
1,073
242
25
1,065
46
2,411
45
734
183
New York
26,389
North Carolina
33
4
66
78
6
150
36
10
78
115
20
219
22
3
121
4
1
5
51
2
51
109
7
254
141
9
155
954
North Dakota
44
Ohio
2,359
Oklahoma
9
38
189
76
5
2
30
65
225
404
Oregon
1
157
122
202
20
4
50
157
369
870
Pennsylvania
272
502
64
439
310
62
210
471
1,052
3,975
Rhode Island
11
12
1
10
4
53
4
58
4
21
6
45
45
154
20
77
32
10
4
14
693
1
4
3
27
46
69
113
5
110
31
88
7
85
856
South Carolina . .
499
South Dakota
84
Tennessee
687
Texas
145
474
8,536
1,057
116
17
689
698
2,830
6,899
Utah
2
35
122
65
17
3
22
37
133
503
Vermont
I
3
4
6
4
4
3
31
4
106
Virginia
73
605
57
786
50
28
170
335
830
3,613
Washington
26
476
291
1,274
121
14
199
384
889
1,949
West Virginia
4
4
3
17
2
8
15
4
83
Wisconsin
-
1
-
-
-
-
1
1
7
Wyoming
-
5
19
13
-
-
2
9
-
40
U.S. territories and
possessions
Guam
4
96
8
1,223
-
1
13
6
12
49
Northern Mariana Is
-
2
25
-
-
-
1
-
5
Puerto Rico
3
1
19
9
3
-
-
15
3
263
Virgin Islands
10
1
-
3
2
178
-
859
Other or unknown
149
816
6,265
1,991
170
179
693
576
1,648
6,098
■ Represents zero.
145
TABLE 52. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Metropolitan statistical area '
All
countries
Canada
China,
Mainland
Colom-
bia
Cuba
Domi-
nican
Rep.
Guyana
Haiti
India
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Miami, FL
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
San Francisco, CA
San Jose, CA
Houston, TX
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
Oakland, CA
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Detroit, Ml
Orange County, CA
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Jersey City, NJ
San Diego, CA
Dallas, TX
Atlanta, GA
Sacramento, CA
Honolulu, HI
Lincoln, NE
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Baltimore, MD
Orlando, FL
Providence- Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Hartford, CT
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Fresno, CA
Denver, CO
Portland- Vancouver, OR-WA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
New Bedford-Fall River-Attleboro, MA
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
San Antonio, TX
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA
Las Vegas, NV
Modesto, CA
New Orleans, LA
Worcester-Fitchburg-Leominster, MA
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
407398
56,971
24,221
20,540
16,430
14,368
12,809
11,460
10,865
10,822
9,945
7,275
7,268
5,994
5,989
5,866
5,782
5,101
5,028
4,603
4,443
4,423
4,286
4,106
3,991
3,762
3,703
3,095
2,576
2,499
2,400
2,355
2,217
2,146
2,100
2,062
1,965
1,948
1,900
1,810
1,790
1,738
1,659
1,539
1,477
1,422
1,164
1,160
1,108
1,091
1,027
53,181
17,722
22,196
8,782
279
220
76
175
134
198
74
92
321
163
56
131
61
88
448
114
234
227
8
82
94
132
38
41
2
50
73
128
113
57
69
36
123
96
6
101
105
127
36
66
40
4
71
12
25
38
7
6
78
29
2,412
1,011
375
20,828
4,689
1,386
98
695
508
3,409
776
346
1,037
1,223
134
356
79
155
126
152
70
423
57
87
76
114
315
350
3
114
51
67
37
107
49
66
26
28
56
62
141
90
8
71
22
57
47
19
29
40
25
30
31
54
1,593
398
846
12,067
2,791
306
1,949
318
298
62
32
361
188
52
569
127
592
370
17
74
515
22
346
24
51
144
12
5
1
127
43
21
218
36
198
167
63
129
7
21
16
29
9
24
26
5
103
27
10
22
II
35
20
28
830
243
373
15,896
656
564
10,131
137
67
37
31
109
45
36
376
32
138
51
15
63
330
12
713
4
33
62
5
51
53
6
357
3
147
8
7
24
2
2
12
10
13
2
325
3
3
60
1
48
9
10
466
193
432
11399
6,388
22
643
41
130
6
3
39
530
6
206
50
389
197
5
7
110
1
433
7
13
28
109
6
6
59
13
86
183
10
47
3
1
4
8
12
5
2
25
6
1
28
12
842
404
268
6,066
3,892
21
84
16
311
9
2
32
46
20
315
48
31
138
17
3
89
3
146
6
10
58
55
4
65
14
19
98
1
54
8
1
5
23
6
13
1
7
18
11
237
52
69
7,982
3,119
12
1,199
76
152
4
7
715
6
668
101
24
319
9
3
403
2
44
4
25
I
25
3
5
204
10
104
27
16
184
1
3
1
I
4
2
1
14
I
3
10
54
263
68
84
20,454
1,672
469
93
1,699
1,021
168
643
660
540
586
494
798
499
433
502
196
89
146
375
39
351
376
194
15
5
900
92
104
74
242
92
45
125
158
155
63
38
87
18
160
79
97
56
41
48
21
84
46
66
101
3,892
816
691
See footnotes at end of table.
146
TABLE 52. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGLVNCE
AND SELECTED METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREA OF RESIDENCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Metropolitan statistical area '
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Philip-
pines
Poland
Portugal
Taiwan
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Total
New York, NY
Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA
Miami, FL
Chicago, IL
Washington, DC-MD-VA
San Francisco, CA
San Jose, CA
Houston, TX
Boston-Lawrence-Lowell-Brockton, MA
Oakland, CA
Newark, NJ
Philadelphia, PA-NJ
Bergen-Passaic, NJ
Nassau-Suffolk, NY
Detroit, Ml
Orange County, CA
Fort Lauderdale, FL
Seattle-Bellevue-Everett, WA
Jersey City, NJ
San Diego, CA
Dallas, TX
Atlanta, GA
Sacramento, CA
Honolulu, HI
Lincoln, NE
Middlesex-Somerset-Hunterdon, NJ
Riverside-San Bernardino, CA
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WI
West Palm Beach-Boca Raton, FL
Baltimore, MD
Orlando, FL
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, RI
Hartford, CT
Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk-Danbury, CT
Fresno, CA
Denver, CO
Portland-Vancouver, OR-WA
Phoenix-Mesa, AZ
New Bedford-Fall River-Attleboro, MA
Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria, OH
Fort Worth-Arlington, TX
Stockton-Lodi, CA
Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL
San Antonio, TX
Vallejo-Fairfield-Napa, CA
Las Vegas, NV
Modesto, CA
New Orleans, LA
Worcester-Fitchburg-Leominster, MA
Monmouth-Ocean, NJ
Other MSA
Non-MSA
Unknown
12,173
4,568
77
1,226
121
443
12
7
85
212
19
381
279
244
396
51
6
1,256
12
21
10
25
177
14
5
1
96
19
8
256
106
196
10
416
178
4
3
1
3
32
6
1
46
10
5
4
3
11
25
766
183
137
11,389
948
1,162
11
544
906
152
405
142
101
189
84
405
269
129
96
277
14
274
38
32
141
259
103
390
6
73
72
63
7
257
39
4
11
13
26
105
127
54
5
53
29
9
18
43
22
40
4
9
17
29
1,842
547
794
39310
182
5,613
90
3,498
91
366
567
2,614
22
595
15
31
27
20
106
732
25
75
12
988
887
79
321
26
11
15
1,066
55
35
35
3
11
7
638
309
47
420
14
302
326
19
807
123
205
305
17
4
6
7,649
3,627
6,264
37,304
1,466
2,771
164
1,482
800
2,353
1,785
448
152
1,950
400
416
377
227
238
437
106
941
472
1,349
172
103
438
2,036
3,656
235
349
88
71
171
97
37
45
35
104
89
169
119
9
77
53
311
66
114
738
227
35
52
15
98
4,150
3,054
1,957
6,857
786
80
32
1,806
78
56
50
52
170
43
199
227
242
103
261
25
41
95
78
44
26
31
12
6
3
143
9
31
33
43
15
31
314
62
2
55
19
26
12
81
42
16
3
9
1
2
45
32
973
158
147
5,997
167
59
18
8
45
78
136
7
572
174
628
44
53
56
3
5
7
12
155
12
5
6
32
3
85
35
3
14
3
12
672
64
93
34
1
4
5
1,441
3
52
4
12
2
221
1
43
38
557
133
180
9,450
844
1,299
18
188
370
407
907
273
154
531
122
136
106
127
74
338
15
176
19
56
200
125
53
67
214
89
28
13
71
31
2
22
18
18
38
43
55
2
12
59
10
5
18
14
25
1
8
14
52
1,065
230
15,003
1,905
667
150
291
415
1,180
408
373
575
733
185
316
140
221
214
131
140
303
49
128
119
194
146
176
6
149
96
80
115
107
113
61
78
123
47
72
112
96
18
87
53
29
69
33
32
42
19
24
45
65
2,589
932
552
26,833
508
1,739
24
253
940
914
3,457
1,586
948
902
55
842
10
55
65
1,718
45
701
57
522
423
328
1,014
239
19
47
216
375
58
55
177
29
73
45
82
250
337
106
13
43
337
241
154
42
34
36
45
279
255
2
3,902
616
1,620
Ranked by number of persons naturalized. See Glossary for definition of metropolitan statistical area.
- Represents zero.
147
TABLE 53. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Total
Occupation
Region and country of
former allegiance
Total
Profes-
sional
Execu-
tive
admini-
Sales
Admini-
strative
Precision
produc-
tion.
Opera-
tors,
fabri-
Farming,
forestry.
Service
No occu-
pation
or not
stration
craft.
cators,
and
specialty
and man-
agerial
support
and
repair
and
laborers
fishing
reported '
All countries
407,398
216,041
35,718
25,383
16,575
38,887
17,663
46,246
2,134
33,435
191357
Europe
61,476
35,249
6,381
4,823
2304
5,523
2,851
8,843
240
4,284
26^27
Austria
277
156
31
37
9
18
17
24
-
20
121
Belgium
252
138
36
23
12
23
10
21
13
114
Bulgaria
228
98
25
12
7
14
6
26
8
130
Czechoslovakia
670
413
87
36
22
48
49
113
3
55
257
Denmark
248
130
22
33
15
20
10
17
1
12
118
Finland
132
66
9
18
4
13
6
7
-
9
66
France
1,698
938
208
190
92
153
46
103
10
136
760
Germany
3,590
1,823
315
333
166
347
151
240
16
255
1,767
Greece
2,538
1,403
194
228
66
157
126
338
12
282
1,135
Hungary
777
426
88
46
19
47
61
73
1
91
351
Ireland
1,615
965
226
126
64
164
78
191
6
110
650
Italy
5,622
2,925
327
378
230
539
348
670
18
415
2,697
Netheriands
687
370
89
79
32
71
30
30
4
35
317
Norway
174
88
23
21
5
11
7
9
1
11
86
Poland
6,857
4,284
589
563
175
425
388
1,632
15
497
2,573
Portugal
5,997
4,517
391
201
157
458
352
2,518
90
350
1,480
Romania
3,250
1,711
306
178
87
220
203
393
7
317
1,539
Soviet Union
6,708
794
3,525
352
1,044
67
358
51
189
25
597
59
198
38
798
60
15
2
326
50
3,183
Spain
442
Sweden
293
156
46
37
18
18
U
17
1
8
137
Switzerland
560
322
73
83
31
55
11
29
2
38
238
United Kingdom
15,003
8,674
1,988
1,582
772
1,852
496
1,038
3I
915
6,329
Yugoslavia
2,917
1,489
151
181
81
163
181
438
4
290
1,428
Other Europe
589
280
46
29
26
51
28
58
1
41
309
Asia
173,550
93,840
17,398
11,993
8,139
16,458
7,235
17,142
913
14,562
79,710
Afghanistan
1,884
1,027
112
136
157
185
78
157
4
198
857
Bangladesh
1,151
610
130
78
61
105
21
96
3
116
541
692
434
75
36
36
101
35
99
3
49
258
Cambodia
3,754
2,074
192
120
141
269
177
810
15
350
1,680
China, Mainland
20,828
10,733
1,400
1,173
836
1,598
1,191
1,875
30
2,630
10,095
Cyprus
191
102
25
18
5
24
7
9
-
14
89
India
20,454
12,472
3,887
2,120
1,043
2,227
362
1,984
62
787
7,982
Indonesia
451
245
62
35
20
45
12
33
-
38
206
Iran
8,746
5,045
1,499
1,101
550
679
202
484
13
517
3,701
Iraq
1,635
760
120
142
159
90
29
135
2
83
875
Israel
3,041
1,490
355
344
172
241
89
155
5
129
1,551
Japan
1,292
639
104
100
81
139
39
67
7
102
653
Jordan
2,836
1,464
159
352
220
171
65
297
4
196
1,372
Korea
11,389
5,311
566
1,283
619
874
334
795
37
803
6,078
Kuwait
409
210
42
35
31
27
17
37
1
20
199
Laos
5,643
3,308
226
128
168
408
503
1,324
43
508
2,335
4,255
2,319
442
425
310
262
148
446
9
277
1,936
Malaysia
484
293
91
47
24
44
12
25
2
48 •
191
Pakistan
4,455
2,384
447
483
304
421
93
388
13
235
2,071
Philippines
37,304
20,764
3,759
1,533
1,481
5.063
1,885
2,683
454
3,906
16,540
129
196
53
117
13
26
10
21
9
13
3
29
3
8
6
10
1
8
10
76
Singapore
79
Sri Lanka
489
1,631
313
828
112
156
47
167
29
93
52
81
13
60
35
175
3
25
93
176
Syria
803
9,450
5.001
1,524
1,060
383
919
135
418
13
549
4,449
Thailand
1,467
823
130
116
60
132
70
106
9
200
644
1,555
855
187
140
94
113
69
150
1
101
700
Vietnam
26,833
13,914
1,526
697
1,001
2,122
• 1,567
4,311
167
2,523
12,919
768
165
5
29
23
28
8
27
12
33
603
138
15,327
87
10378
26
2,499
17
1387
16
848
6
1,566
3
405
5
2,076
34
14
1,563
51
Africa
4,949
Algeria
167
112
35
14
9
14
5
16
1
18
55
Cameroon
172
134
45
12
6
22
6
19
1
23
38
Cape Verde
516
423
52
8
7
28
14
280
2
32
93
See foomotes at end of table.
148
TABLE 53. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY MAJOR OCCUPATION GROUP
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGIANCE
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Region and country of
former allegiance
Total
Occupation
Total
Profes-
sional
specialty
Execu-
tive
admini-
stration
and man-
agerial
Sales
Admini-
strative
support
Precision
produc-
tion,
craft,
and
repair
Opera-
tors,
fabri-
cators,
and
laborers
Farming,
forestry,
and
fishing
Service
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Liberia
Libya
Morocco
Nigeria
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Tanzania
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless
Not reported
2,430
2,372
1,112
346
620
158
681
3,714
399
160
1.091
136
236
165
852
1,774
313
687
256
166
171
181
120,734
8,782
39,310
57,300
613
232
1,423
15,896
382
11,399
815
7,982
12,173
578
378
533
4,896
15,342
560
965
4,998
2,625
2,123
2,269
1,802
33,974
2,245
783
1,298
1,129
12,067
3,791
6,066
257
4,520
654
1,075
89
216
347
1,319
1,603
799
213
455
85
417
2,845
313
108
639
80
148
104
581
1,111
192
432
149
120
104
114
58,260
5,091
19,242
25,964
365
108
714
4,858
235
5,228
389
4,151
6,630
363
218
239
2,466
7,963
268
463
2,919
1,331
975
1,130
877
16,954
1,121
471
694
579
5,591
1,915
2,936
94
2,577
383
551
42
154
95
301
254
174
67
93
25
73
848
83
19
219
24
32
29
126
207
69
57
43
8
10
20
6,839
1,376
1,066
3,526
54
25
112
405
28
484
75
603
1,177
41
20
38
464
871
33
60
280
133
77
156
132
2,319
220
68
142
116
671
165
417
21
311
40
139
9
54
21
213
180
80
34
41
17
67
371
34
16
139
16
26
21
98
129
28
39
35
4
4
19
5,270
857
1,636
2,045
19
10
46
633
15
359
27
176
487
19
14
15
225
732
41
38
246
128
77
126
76
1,753
197
51
101
83
506
177
256
II
250
39
76
6
24
126
190
48
16
17
11
31
208
19
14
56
3
23
7
57
92
14
36
17
8
5
12
3,939
427
1,102
1,861
34
14
36
422
22
511
13
204
380
51
22
17
135
549
17
22
194
68
61
118
69
1,239
87
53
58
42
368
131
184
6
192
32
81
5
164
245
126
29
95
7
47
432
71
21
101
11
39
24
90
236
32
92
25
39
33
15
11,099
865
2,813
5,697
75
21
207
981
45
1,050
108
715
1,627
79
51
68
670
1,724
80
123
566
248
189
264
254
3,974
205
95
124
118
1.211
505
952
11
573
74
95
11
14
17
54
69
45
7
30
7
19
15
2
5
4
27
95
8
48
6
7
11
15
5,700
269
2,436
2,211
50
10
47
450
47
406
42
225
587
63
37
22
225
784
19
41
340
HI
94
84
95
1,354
85
35
37
43
472
174
243
6
180
44
33
2
15
245
363
165
40
66
10
78
518
40
17
71
17
15
12
104
176
32
66
17
29
19
13
14,518
902
6.835
5,190
36
9
143
1,190
31
1,269
39
1,187
837
23
35
31
360
1,591
38
103
549
380
239
179
103
3,454
165
53
123
88
1,442
464
366
15
567
97
68
6
18
19
892
31
744
85
4
2
19
1
9
1
22
11
7
3
1
5
32
2
7
9
4
50
4
4
4
3
16
5
4
1
6
3
212
295
160
19
113
8
101
375
58
21
33
7
7
7
74
172
9
92
6
24
21
20
10,003
364
2,610
5,349
93
17
123
758
46
1,140
84
1,019
1,524
80
36
47
382
1,680
40
74
737
254
234
195
146
2,811
158
112
105
86
905
294
514
23
498
54
59
3
22
Includes homemakers, students, unemployed or retired persons, and others not reporting or with an unknown occupation.
■ Represents zero.
149
TABLE 54. PERSONS NATURALIZED IN FISCAL YEAR 1994 BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Un-
Region and country
of birth
Total
1994
and
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
Before
1982
known
or not
re-
ported
All countries
407398
4,146
1,409
3347
13,881
24,613
54386
42,308
25,681
20,585
17,103
14325
13,890
166,670
5,054
Europe
54,435
258
131
343
1,228
3,001
7,104
4323
2,262
1,655
1,447
1319
1,095
29,750
519
Austria
277
1
-
1
4
9
15
9
8
6
2
7
5
200
10
Belgium
243
1
3
3
8
8
14
14
13
8
12
15
6
136
2
Bulgaria
225
15
7
3
15
14
77
26
13
9
3
5
2
35
1
Czechoslovakia
693
2
-
3
12
33
141
133
76
47
32
33
14
158
9
Denmark
236
-
-
1
3
10
11
2
5
5
1
8
3
184
3
France
1,566
2
-
10
45
61
143
136
78
63
39
45
29
906
9
Germany
3,644
13
5
9
52
59
112
93
94
75
69
56
61
2,880
66
Greece
2,522
3
3
18
69
81
186
144
93
70
65
57
48
1,645
40
Hungary
809
U
3
8
27
75
199
89
67
27
24
16
7
241
15
Ireland
1.636
1
1
1
53
61
185
226
52
45
36
26
20
915
14
Italy
5,619
7
3
10
60
62
114
130
96
92
90
66
59
4,733
97
Netherlands
581
1
1
2
16
9
29
11
16
7
11
18
16
437
7
Norway
170
1
-
7
-
8
-
3
5
1
2
2
138
3
Poland
6,880
11
13
56
225
611
1,183
930
604
364
320
263
294
1,956
50
Portugal
5,784
1
3
3
28
49
101
127
103
85
91
82
51
5,049
II
Romania
3,299
31
5
96
131
281
899
607
305
234
184
158
62
278
28
Soviet Union
6,896
795
124
4
57
5
45
2
143
16
1,065
21
2,725
40
940
26
129
21
78
25
49
14
74
20
89
18
1,318
576
60
Spain
7
Sweden
291
2
-
3
5
2
14
7
9
10
7
13
2
215
2
Switzerland
542
-
2
4
16
17
40
46
22
13
16
19
15
325
7
United Kingdom
8,088
6
11
34
173
270
547
418
316
257
287
260
228
5,245
36
Yugoslavia
2,949
11
4
24
107
175
238
168
124
107
81
63
55
1,767
25
Other Europe
690
11
4
7
13
28
83
41
15
23
13
13
9
413
17
Asia
179,989
3,387
890
2,164
8,640
12,981
32304
24,524
13,704
10,716
8,516
7,058
6,672
45,110
3323
Afghanistan
1,884
-
-
7
22
91
290
313
247
160
147
180
192
229
6
Bangladesh
1,166
6
5
18
65
139
395
231
99
54
34
13
10
90
7
Burma
809
-
2
4
27
62
188
199
66
46
28
23
13
147
4
Cambodia
3,747
-
3
5
6
62
279
134
105
243
357
360
396
1,784
13
China, Mainland
21,134
49
42
242
1.204
1,701
4,995
3,379
1,644
1,155
818
701
574
4,530
100
Cyprus
192
-
2
3
12
15
31
23
13
11
6
2
4
67
3
Hong Kong
6,109
9
5
49
302
616
2,124
864
359
280
196
186
126
956
37
India
20,508
26
44
195
766
1,594
3,688
2,555
1,491
1,209
983
944
730
6,200
83
Indonesia
497
2
2
2
23
30
87
74
43
24
32
17
13
143
5
Iran
8,732
7
2
46
217
512
1,302
1,604
1,005
865
772
584
355
1,434
27
Iraq
1,670
2
-
11
89
117
187
135
89
62
66
93
100
708
11
Israel
2,838
10
18
58
260
276
596
430
229
152
106
86
51
545
21
Japan
1,306
12
5
12
20
30
47
34
25
28
33
26
36
987
11
Jordan
2,735
17
25
87
353
294
444
319
180
124
82
66
64
661
19
Korea
11,441
100
171
141
360
544
1,235
1,321
947
912
686
671
535
3,701
117
Kuwait
429
2
1
23
86
50
83
62
26
20
8
13
4
45
6
Laos
5,657
2
2
4
20
55
244
390
464
128
240
179
219
3,693
17
Lebanon
4,239
10
15
124
499
501
1,132
644
216
149
85
69
50
718
27
Macau
179
1
-
1
6
12
43
36
12
17
6
4
3
37
1
Malaysia
493
1
1
11
43
48
95
76
36
20
26
22
15
94
5
Pakistan
4,447
10
13
71
282
532
976
684
404
314
265
147
125
608
16
Philippines
37,361
2,896
306
749
2,999
3,550
7,449
5,234
2,627
1,835
1,197
855
746
4,331
2,587
Singapore
192
6
-
2
17
19
38
23
17
13
9
7
6
34
1
Sri Lanka
495
1,640
1
1
5
2
45
29
224
41
206
111
418
77
221
39
96
29
77
25
44
17
27
11
24
111
237
2
Syria
15
Taiwan
9,091
20
7
75
322
813
2,688
2,108
795
609
416
369
278
564
27
Thailand
1,454
4
8
20
40
98
138
142
78
71
69
61
65
651
9
Turkey
1,560
2
6
28
131
122
210
180
92
78
52
65
48
536
10
Vietnam
26,907
16
28
68
141
781
2,656
2,941
2,213
2,003
1,714
1,247
1,860
11,128
111
Yemen
775
167
170
49
41
29
63
56
24
15
7
11
10
110
23
Other Asia
302
8
2
12
34
41
72
35
23
13
7
13
9
31
2
See footnotes at end of table.
150
TABLE 54. PERSONS NATURALIZED IN FISCAL YEAR 1994 BY CALENDAR YEAR OF ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH— Continued
Un-
Region and country
of birth
Total
1994
and
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
Before
1982
known
or not
re-
ported
Africa
15,673
38
28
239
1,092
1,656
3,148
2,275
1,262
1,040
959
621
569
2,658
88
Algeria
177
-
-
3
20
14
29
22
8
11
14
10
8
35
3
Burkina Faso
291
176
1
2
3
2
6
11
18
28
16
56
31
41
28
30
13
15
15
20
13
12
9
17
7
57
14
.
Cameroon
2
Cape Verde
497
-
2
27
22
59
45
32
26
22
14
25
220
3
Egypt
2,431
12
11
63
258
340
631
364
162
96
76
57
36
304
21
Ethiopia
2,373
2
1
7
38
186
454
430
212
203
231
147
163
291
8
Ghana
1,146
1
.
10
48
139
203
169
102
83
60
43
43
242
3
Kenya
405
1
2
2
17
30
65
61
29
37
31
21
11
98
-
Liberia
617
3
-
8
37
83
102
73
52
35
48
33
27
112
4
Libya
171
-
-
2
9
9
55
26
13
11
14
2
3
25
2
Morocco
724
3
1
44
182
92
140
66
29
35
28
12
5
80
7
Nigeria
3,408
5
6
44
199
403
614
456
308
287
239
161
134
541
11
Sierra Leone
403
-
1
5
26
40
83
56
38
29
22
23
12
66
2
1,131
263
3
-
9
3
78
13
86
24
282
50
195
53
112
21
62
19
44
27
26
3
32
8
197
41
5
Tanzania
1
Uganda
200
1
-
2
3
14
37
30
20
8
11
10
7
55
2
Other Africa
1,260
1,708
6
7
1
3
27
22
108
73
130
87
257
188
160
183
81
108
68
97
59
70
38
58
31
62
280
708
14
Oceania
42
Australia
278
-
3
9
8
20
9
4
6
7
3
7
198
4
Fiji
694
1
-
6
24
41
107
124
69
61
33
24
28
174
2
231
169
-
-
5
3
9
13
12
13
21
20
12
16
11
5
11
1
7
5
11
5
10
9
122
74
-
Western Samoa
5
Other Oceania
336
120,991
8,362
6
271
11
3
187
18
5
318
32
18
1,768
114
13
4,959
161
20
7,762
311
22
7,556
308
19
6,028
224
18
5,184
190
18
4,467
203
15
3,993
181
8
4,349
179
140
73389
6,341
31
760
89
Mexico
39,294
59
24
86
435
2.207
1,894
1.751
1,292
1.166
973
884
786
27.576
161
Caribbean
57,948
38
46
106
789
1,359
4,044
3,879
3,361
2,881
2,501
2,278
2,804
33,454
408
Antigua-Barbuda
623
.
-
-
6
27
29
58
44
42
36
57
101
218
5
235
-
2
6
7
12
20
23
14
16
11
33
91
-
Barbados
1,433
.
2
4
16
30
98
101
83
71
68
61
60
822
17
Cuba
15.853
4
5
17
47
421
254
209
266
245
277
291
13.750
67
Dominica
405
1
-
1
7
14
32
44
34
24
20
13
12
199
4
Dominican Republic
11,374
17
25
49
328
332
1,091
785
794
670
464
502
396
5,820
101
Grenada
829
-
6
29
44
92
66
50
59
42
44
393
4
Haiti
7,972
7
6
8
105
307
757
766
800
687
527
382
1.058
2.505
57
Jamaica
12,206
5
4
19
144
364
1,072
1.279
997
791
797
687
540
5.409
98
St. Kitts & Nevis
609
-
-
-
8
14
37
41
39
37
50
54
79
240
10
St. Lucia
394
2
-
2
9
15
39
50
28
24
23
19
18
161
4
St. Vincent &
Grenadines
540
-
-
1
8
16
45
63
45
46
37
36
27
211
5
Trinidad & Tobago .
4,865
1
6
14
124
148
347
292
177
129
139
120
121
3.219
28
Other Caribbean
610
1
3
1
5
9
20
34
22
30
20
17
24
416
8
Central America
15305
163
99
94
430
1,230
1,510
1,614
1,143
942
785
647
577
5,969
102
Belize
560
1
-
3
6
39
52
72
50
33
43
30
40
187
4
Costa Rica
958
2
5
2
29
32
54
50
40
38
23
20
26
633
4
EI Salvador
4,970
2,621
8
56
10
50
5
22
85
66
556
182
512
203
560
224
402
140
362
162
267
122
245
88
173
86
1.770
1.207
15
Guatemala
13
Honduras
2,129
2.263
1,804
27
1
68
13
1
20
23
13
26
62
70
112
126
195
100
183
318
188
231
345
132
221
202
88
137
127
83
144
113
73
120
85
59
92
90
70
732
694
746
18
9
Panama
39
Other North America
82
-
-
2
3
4
8
5
5
3
3
49
-
South America
33,991
176
168
256
1,065
1,888
3,788
3,414
2,297
1,873
1,626
1,255
1,127
14,856
202
Argentina
2,238
3
1
12
87
103
206
176
128
84
76
69
55
1.227
11
Bolivia
777
9
8
12
24
74
84
88
69
54
57
21
24
253
-
Brazil
1,277
20
17
23
71
85
141
122
65
49
64
39
33
534
14
Chile
1,134
4
13
13
33
62
110
105
67
68
58
35
36
520
10
Colombia
12.075
61
51
68
254
536
948
884
672
670
559
448
356
6.519
49
Ecuador
3,797
7
4
11
52
117
227
236
145
145
132
124
128
2.444
25
Guyana
6,103
2
3
16
149
329
1.244
1.027
711
408
388
286
273
1.211
56
Paraguay
259
44
38
5
7
14
14
14
9
8
2
2
3
98
1
Peru
4.535
17
27
78
312
441
622
569
298
264
190
151
137
1.398
31
Uruguay
650
2
1
1
12
30
58
61
53
31
35
24
25
316
1
Venezuela
1.058
6
5
16
58
89
115
118
77
83
61
53
55
319
3
Other South America
88
1
-
1
6
8
19
14
3
9
4
3
2
17
1
Not reported
611
9
2
5
15
41
92
33
20
20
18
21
16
199
120
■ Represents zero.
151
TABLE 55. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGLVNCE, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Age and sex
All
countries
Canada
China,
Mainland
Colombia
Cuba
Dominican
Republic
Guyana
Haiti
India
Total
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Male
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Female
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Unknown sex
Percent distribution
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
See footnotes at end of table.
152
407398
9,661
8,226
38,981
46,941
58,611
58,681
46,083
34,866
27,015
23,805
19,285
15,756
10,818
5,375
3,274
20
193,510
4,709
3,805
18,101
22,194
28,545
28,880
22,408
16,335
11,919
10,281
8,393
7,913
5.764
2,818
1,438
7
206,882
4,669
4,144
19,965
24,059
29,169
28,881
22,855
17,934
14,684
13,145
10,594
7.639
4,887
2,473
1,773
11
7.006
100.0
47.5
50.8
1.7
38.5
38.3
38.7
8,782
164
119
416
489
784
957
1.008
1.075
1,119
907
748
509
312
115
59
1
3,533
81
57
207
248
344
383
389
381
396
358
274
207
135
45
27
1
5,178
79
61
204
238
435
570
608
686
711
540
470
299
176
70
31
71
100.0
40.2
59.0
.8
47.0
45.6
47.8
20,828
460
524
2.655
2,263
2,746
2,339
1,813
1,603
1.043
1.234
1.275
1.141
896
509
326
1
9,019
227
213
1,197
818
921
1.034
833
749
527
592
631
515
429
221
112
11,135
214
291
1.398
1,397
1.754
1,238
923
802
478
587
592
581
426
258
195
1
674
100.0
43.3
53.5
3.2
38.8
40.6
37.1
12,067
273
140
681
1,138
1,707
1,632
1,281
1.239
1.178
984
768
489
279
173
105
5,018
134
70
318
501
754
686
547
467
484
421
300
167
104
46
19
6,988
136
70
357
631
949
937
727
762
689
561
465
319
174
126
85
61
100.0
41.6
57.9
.5
41.8
40.4
42.8
15,896
26
81
830
1.014
1.370
1,031
861
777
1,140
1,843
2.019
1,939
1.336
843
786
7,083
11
43
379
479
641
527
425
385
450
771
854
918
589
317
294
8,733
14
37
446
531
724
497
432
386
685
1,063
1,1.54
1,013
741
521
489
80
100.0
44.6
54.9
.5
57.3
56.4
58.0
11399
355
240
1,345
1,659
1,762
1,528
1,100
700
705
643
524
389
237
132
80
4,472
165
101
513
648
655
599
465
306
275
256
216
143
71
39
20
6,862
187
138
823
1.000
1.100
922
626
394
424
382
305
244
165
93
59
65
100.0
39.2
60.2
.6
36.1
36.3
36.0
6,066
139
132
652
857
919
870
732
544
367
268
240
190
98
26
32
2,690
61
48
274
327
412
396
345
256
165
125
111
94
47
12
17
3333
71
82
374
525
504
472
382
285
197
138
127
96
51
14
15
43
100.0
44.3
54.9
.7
36.8
37.8
36.1
7,982
67
72
566
994
1,336
1,723
1,262
712
489
316
196
131
69
28
21
3,949
30
34
213
447
639
885
698
394
263
147
103
55
27
9
5
3,989
36
37
348
544
688
829
561
316
223
167
91
75
41
18
15
44
100.0
49.5
50.0
.6
37.8
38.4
37.1
20,454
659
670
2,460
2,614
3,233
3,028
2,604
2,055
1,197
774
511
341
203
75
27
3
10,764
272
303
1,188
1,179
1,706
1,716
1,389
1.114
700
462
307
218
140
52
18
9,379
362
352
1,240
1,404
1,491
1,279
1,170
904
472
299
194
118
61
21
9
3
311
100.0
52.6
45.9
1.5
35.9
37.0
34.4
TABLE 55. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF FORMER ALLEGL\NCE, AGE, AND SEX
FISCAL YEAR 1994— Continued
Age and sex
Jamaica
Korea
Mexico
Philip-
pines
Poland
Portugal
Taiwan
United
Kingdom
Vietnam
Total
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years ,
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Not reported
Male
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Not reported
Female
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over ..
Not reported
Unknown sex
Percent distribution
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
- Represents zero.
12,173
184
162
938
1,545
1,794
1,712
1,549
1,207
989
725
555
430
233
101
49
4,784
78
77
376
601
682
643
617
509
403
289
219
149
90
40
11
7,336
104
85
556
934
1,109
1,064
926
693
580
433
332
281
141
61
37
53
100.0
39.3
60.3
.4
39.3
39.5
39.2
11,389
805
499
2,019
1,500
1,672
1,464
949
727
504
398
298
218
179
103
52
2
4,777
359
224
997
649
549
493
356
309
246
197
152
108
75
36
25
2
5,979
400
236
919
797
1,042
897
528
364
220
176
130
100
92
54
24
633
100.0
41.9
52.5
5.6
32.7
31.5
33.1
39310
331
424
3,061
4,181
4,765
4,739
4,257
3,549
3,727
3,545
2,922
1,707
1,213
508
381
18,229
143
165
1,332
2,120
2,637
2,379
1,994
1,570
1,479
1,433
1,278
778
567
199
155
20,482
174
248
1,684
2,006
2,072
2,298
2,189
1,918
2,186
2,053
1,599
905
629
301
220
599
100.0
46.4
52.1
1.5
42.5
40.8
43.9
37304
969
408
2,444
4,502
5,153
5,575
3,694
2,575
1,720
1,531
1,355
2,876
2,600
1,442
458
2
17,192
478
203
1,069
1,616
1,818
2,079
1,307
1,046
658
607
518
2,129
2,091
1,227
346
19,681
468
199
1,316
2,831
3,280
3,439
2,344
1.497
1,045
906
819
721
491
212
111
2
431
100.0
46.1
52.8
1.2
39.6
45.1
37.5
6,857
150
126
418
529
959
1,224
1,055
741
417
408
325
267
154
56
28
3,225
67
53
223
237
477
573
521
350
187
172
129
119
75
27
15
3,605
81
72
194
292
480
648
533
385
230
235
193
146
77
28
11
27
100.0
47.0
52.6
.4
40.1
39.8
40.3
5,997
52
104
536
749
842
847
712
531
442
461
385
191
100
32
12
1
3,000
27
45
244
375
406
425
371
273
225
229
206
95
56
16
7
2,975
24
59
291
371
435
418
339
254
215
231
178
95
43
16
5
1
22
100.0
50.0
49.6
.4
39.2
39.7
38.6
9,450
233
320
1,091
687
1,438
2,495
1,771
624
296
180
107
77
62
34
35
4,173
120
168
516
231
500
1,136
840
284
134
85
44
43
37
16
19
4,711
100
127
495
401
831
1,248
826
309
147
81
57
33
24
18
14
566
100.0
44.2
49.9
6.0
36.9
37.5
36.5
15,003
309
324
1,558
1,559
1,831
2,099
1,665
1,549
1,263
1,127
768
511
272
107
60
1
6,629
165
162
753
750
841
1,049
749
616
440
418
302
204
116
46
18
8,155
138
155
767
788
963
1,009
894
917
811
696
462
301
153
60
40
1
219
100.0
44.2
54.4
1.5
39.6
38.0
41.4
26,833
687
1,536
6,064
4,379
3,783
3,284
2,638
1,552
995
672
517
346
211
96
72
1
14,324
322
736
3,077
2,541
2,165
1,715
1,340
809
594
345
278
203
109
52
38
11,654
331
723
2,775
1,727
1,523
1,469
1,216
701
375
305
217
133
93
38
27
1
855
100.0
53.4
43.4
3.2
31.0
31.1
30.9
153
TABLE 56. PERSONS NATURALIZED BY AGE AND SEX
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
Age and sex
Total
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Male
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Female
Under 18 years
18-19 years
20-24 years
25-29 years
30-34 years
35-39 years
40-44 years
45-49 years
50-54 years
55-59 years
60-64 years
65-69 years
70-74 years
75-79 years
80 years and over
Not reported
Unknown sex
Percent distribution ..
Male
Female
Unknown
Median age
Male
Female
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
244,717
9,470
5,511
31,526
37,789
42,292
37,595
23,463
17,847
12,419
9,627
7,355
4,632
2,977
1,524
680
10
115,114
4.003
2,474
15,199
17,717
19,609
18,090
11,105
8,651
5,891
4,457
3,366
2,131
1,336
742
337
6
124,425
5,344
2,919
15,823
19,444
21,899
18.777
11,856
8,766
6,186
4,892
3,734
2,301
1,493
688
301
2
5,178
100.0
47.0
50.8
2.1
34.5
34.6
34.3
280,623
10,440
7,380
38,736
46.155
49.878
41.401
26,000
18,630
13,387
9,965
7,781
5,149
3,262
1,646
807
6
133,982
4,527
3.301
18.578
22.340
23.575
20.201
12.567
8,995
6,423
4,778
3,557
2,420
1,515
817
386
2
140,087
5,717
3,982
19,364
22,894
25,179
20,211
12,733
9,095
6,576
4,923
4,024
2,589
1,650
770
377
3
6,554
100.0
47.7
49.9
2.3
33.8
33.9
33.6
227,008
7,701
6,065
30,919
37,886
40,829
33,857
21,757
14,426
10,631
7,689
6,296
4,215
2,603
1,351
778
5
109,548
3,253
2,702
14,945
18,649
19,852
16,705
10,523
6,966
5,147
3,628
2,973
1,975
1.236
617
374
3
108,583
3.972
3.206
14.930
17.914
19.494
15.750
10,283
6,783
5,008
3,757
3,076
2.088
1.274
678
369
1
8.877
100.0
48.3
47.8
3.9
33.8
33.9
33.7
242,063
6,916
5,819
31,885
39,715
44,002
36,381
24,776
15,873
11,521
8,251
6,777
4,667
2,725
1,636
1,118
1
120,528
3,270
2,700
15,834
19,898
22,164
18,445
12,397
8,045
5,643
4,052
3,196
2,238
1,327
776
542
1
119,599
3,605
3,102
15,829
19,521
21,501
17,613
12.155
7,696
5,759
4.137
3.502
2.383
1.379
850
567
1,936
100.0
49.8
49.4
.8
34.2
34.2
34.2
233,777
6,336
5,783
29,799
37,723
42,938
35,795
24,710
15,368
11,099
7,863
6,479
4,695
2,610
1,558
1,012
9
115,825
3,103
2.693
14.591
18.582
21,710
18,276
12,320
7,684
5,405
3.795
3,019
2,203
1,227
726
488
3
117,837
3,232
3,089
15,193
19,121
21,208
17,502
12,379
7,676
5,686
4,065
3,454
2,492
1,381
831
523
5
115
100.0
49.5
50.4
Z
34.4
34.4
34.4
270,101
6.539
6.453
31.778
40,288
46,984
40,927
27,745
16,877
12,785
9,439
7,638
5,522
2,970
1,679
1,231
11,246
127,847
2,969
2,892
14,944
19,088
22,828
20,275
13,288
7,918
5,706
4,197
3,342
2,478
1,334
762
561
5,265
127,096
3,018
3,126
14,859
18,805
21,636
18.602
13.050
8.083
6,370
4,724
3,860
2,730
1,455
829
624
5,325
15,158
100.0
47.3
47.1
5.6
34.7
34.7
34.9
308,058
8.345
8,529
36,753
45,079
54,872
48,707
33,381
20,622
15,492
11,779
9,596
7,323
4,052
2,049
1,173
306
151,620
3,900
3,878
17,836
22,059
28.049
24,911
16,568
10,056
7,368
5,496
4,462
3,442
1,916
1,007
563
109
150,140
3,747
4,463
18,183
22,104
25,815
22,907
16,196
10,207
7,865
6,106
4,990
3,777
2,061
1,009
590
120
6,298
100.0
49.2
48.7
2.0
35.0
35.0
35.2
240,252
7,105
5,751
25,790
34,207
42.074
36.459
25.108
16,155
11,883
9,610
8,738
8,614
5,275
2.376
1.103
4
120,430
3,499
2.503
12.271
16.836
21.667
18.927
12.447
7.906
5,394
4,298
4,176
5,150
3,337
1,445
572
2
114,273
3,240
3,044
12,807
16,600
19,478
16,673
12,091
7,905
6,255
5,138
4,413
3.356
1,859
896
516
2
5,549
100.0
50.1
47.6
2.3
35.7
35.8
35.6
314,681
8,854
6,812
31,357
37,957
47,913
45,436
33,471
23,969
18,854
17,165
14,664
12,979
8,642
4,314
2,273
21
155,910
4,428
3,244
15,032
18,572
24,405
23.259
16.741
11.483
8.461
7.591
6.783
7.106
5.096
2.566
1.130
13
157,980
4.228
3,543
16,278
19,334
23,445
22,110
16,643
12,427
10,335
9,537
7,840
5,850
3,529
1,741
1,134
6
791
100.0
49.5
50.2
.3
37.6
37.6
37.7
■ Represents zero. Z Rounds to less than 0.05 percent.
154
TABLE 57. NATURALIZATION RATES THROUGH FISCAL YEAR 1993 OF IMMIGRANTS ADMITTED
IN FISCAL YEAR 1977 BY MAJOR CLASS OF ADMISSION AND OCCUPATION
Class of admission and occupation
Immigrants in 1977 '
Number admitted
Naturalizations through 1993
Rate =
Total, all immigrants ,
Classes of admission:
1st pref , Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
2nd pref. Spouses and children of legal permanent residents
3rd pref, Professionals or highly skilled immigrants
4th pref. Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens
5th pref. Siblings of U.S. citizens
6th pref. Needed skilled or unskilled workers
7th pref, Refugee conditional entrants
Nonpreference
Independent Western Hemisphere
Spouses of U.S. citizens
Children of US, citizens
Parents of U.S. citizens
Special immigrants
Cuban refugee adjustments
Other
Occupation:
Professional specialty and technical occupations
Architects
Engineers, surveyors, and mapping scientists
Mathematical and computer scientists
Natural scientists
Physicians
Other health diagnosing occupations
Health assessment and treating occupations
Teachers (postsecondary)
Teachers (except postsecondary)
Counselors (educational and vocational)
Librarians, archivists, and curators
Social scientist and urban planners
Social, recreation, and religious workers
Lawyers and judges
Writers, artists, entertainers, and athletes
Professionals, unspecified
Technologists and technicians (health)
Technologists and technicians (except health)
Executive, administrative, and managerial occupations
Sales occupations
Administrative support occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair occupations
Operator, fabricator, and laborer occupations
Farming, forestry, and fishing occupations
Service occupations
No occupation
Homemakers
Unemployed or retired
Students and/or children
Unknown or not reported
352,071
1,366
41,681
10,339
2,902
48,527
7,320
7,666
57,962
24,128
66,776
3,855
21,033
1,453
56,239
824
41,981
401
5,110
851
1,620
7,006
1,936
6,347
1,439
4,456
59
279
607
1.897
393
4,339
1,057
1,386
2,798
19,955
5,520
20,267
21.237
46,510
7,500
25,084
158,668
88,197
31,438
39,033
5,349
145,935
630
23,776
7,034
1,225
22,625
3,239
4,948
21,396
5,973
25,583
1,377
4,733
686
22,528
182
23,692
211
3,178
495
873
4,364
1,243
3,818
754
2,524
28
143
288
782
150
1,713
645
920
1,563
9,147
2,503
10,779
8,297
17,252
1,744
10,028
60,106
31,295
8,297
20,514
2,387
41.5
46.1
57.0
68.0
42.2
46.6
44.2
64.5
36.9
24.8
38.3
35.7
22.5
47.2
40.1
22.1
56.4
52.6
62.2
58.2
53.9
62.3
64.2
60.2
52.4
56.6
47.5
51.3
47.4
41.2
38.2
39.5
61.0
66.4
55.9
45.8
45.3
53.2
39.1
37.1
23.3
40,0
37.9
35.5
26.4
52.6
44.6
' Ages 16 and over.
Naturalizations through 1993 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
155
TABLE 58. NATURALIZATION RATES THROUGH FISCAL YEAR 1993 OF IMMIGRANTS
ADMITTED IN FISCAL YEAR 1977 BY SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
Region and country
of birth
Immigrants in 1977 '
Number
admitted
Naturaliza-
tions
through
1993
Rate^
Region and country
of birth
Immigrants in 1977 '
Number
admitted
Naturaliza-
tions
through
1993
All countries
Europe
Austria
Belgium
Czechoslovakia ..
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Soviet Union
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
Burma
China. Mainland
Cyprus
Hong Kong
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Macau
Malaysia
Pakistan
Philippines
Singapore
Sri Lanka
Syria
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Vietnam
Yemen
Other Asia
352,071
54,868
342
300
504
362
231
1,283
4,899
6,577
771
1,076
5,843
828
283
3,468
6,964
1,620
4,535
2,086
485
485
8,982
2,256
688
119,223
460
776
14,421
410
3,146
15,033
658
3,404
1,996
2,078
3,602
2,187
19,824
3,900
248
387
2,563
31,686
226
314
1,342
2,460
3,009
1,546
2,724
284
539
145,935
16,023
52
59
252
49
34
356
719
2,080
397
253
975
136
28
1,533
1,743
1,077
2,872
374
57
141
1,733
869
234
68,619
310
513
8,787
204
2,345
8,066
322
1,712
1,161
1,287
537
1,306
11,060
2,438
173
219
1,573
19,635
114
178
822
1,888
1,124
568
1,801
153
323
41.5
29.2
15.2
19.7
50.0
13.5
14.7
27.7
14.7
31.6
51.5
23.5
16.7
16.4
9.9
44.2
25.0
66.5
63.3
17.9
11.8
29.1
19.3
38.5
34.0
57.6
67.4
66.1
60.9
49.8
74.5
53.7
48.9
50.3
58.2
61.9
14.9
59.7
55.8
62.5
69.8
56.6
61.4
62.0
50.4
56.7
61.3
76.7
37.4
36.7
66.1
53.9
59.9
Africa
Cape Verde
Egypt
Ethiopia
Ghana
Kenya
Morocco
Nigeria
South Africa
Tanzania
Uganda
Other Africa
Oceania
Australia
Fiji
New Zealand
Tonga
Western Samoa
Other Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Anguilla
Antigua-Barbuda
Bahamas, The
Barbados
British Virgin Islands
Cuba
Dominica
Dominican Repubhc
Grenada
Haiti
Jamaica
St. Kitts & Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent & Grenadines
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
Other North America
South America
Argentina
Bolivia
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Other South America
7,713
647
1,964
294
392
418
366
570
1,331
256
200
1,275
2,930
1,016
551
449
349
369
196
142,313
9,000
30,967
89,885
354
614
238
2,134
367
57,023
392
8,955
1,023
4,268
7,896
699
408
456
4,516
542
12381
660
1,221
3,402
2,825
1,228
1,351
1,694
80
25,024
2,136
576
1,128
2,047
6,138
4,063
4,115
3,158
947
485
231
4,267
232
1,292
167
212
245
175
183
833
167
114
647
652
79
244
81
88
123
37
45,816
1,309
5,461
33,885
115
275
56
884
61
22,672
180
2,178
454
1,631
3,200
311
178
191
1,350
149
5,142
241
424
1,454
1,100
569
595
759
19
10,558
865
308
265
871
2.488
1,028
2,295
1,700
491
148
99
' Ages 16 and over.
' Naturalizations through 1993 divided by the number of immigrants admitted.
156
VI. ENFORCEMENT
This section covers actions by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service to prevent illegal entry into the
United States and to apprehend and remove illegal aliens in
the United States.
Data Overview: Apprehensions
Apprehensions are arrests of aliens who are in violation of
the Immigration and Nationality Act. Apprehensions of
deportable aliens increased dramatically during the 1970s,
reaching a total of 8.3 million for the decade.
Apprehensions continued to increase during the 1980s,
reaching a high of 1.8 million in fiscal year 1986.
Following passage of the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986, apprehensions declined sharply in 1987,
returning to the levels of 1983-84. By 1989 total
apprehensions fell below one million for the first time
since 1982. Apprehensions increased sharply in 1990; the
number increased slowly through fiscal year 1993
(Chart U). In fiscal year 1994 the number of
apprehensions declined 18 percent. A special initiative in
the El Paso sector. Operation Hold the Line, contributed to
this decline along with increased resources for the Border
Patrol.
The INS began collecting and reporting the nationality of
every apprehended alien in fiscal year 1987. The 1994
data include 176 nationalities; aliens from Mexico
dominated the statistics, accounting for 95 percent of the
total. The next largest source countries were El Salvador,
Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Canada,
Cuba, Colombia, Jamaica, and Haiti.
More than 30,000 criminal aliens
were expelled during 1994.
office takes control of the processing of the case and a file
is created on the alien). An officer documents the grounds
for deportability and prepares a case that may eventually
be argued before an immigration judge. During this
process an alien may be offered voluntary departure; if
accepted, the expulsion is known as a "required departure
under docket control." In some cases the offer of
voluntary departure will not or cannot be made; those
cases may result in deportation. Other possible outcomes
include adjustment to a legal status, a stay of deportation,
or an alien who absconds. A deported alien may not be
admitted to the United States for a period of 5 years after
deportation unless the Attorney General grants a waiver.
An apprehended alien who accepts the offer of voluntary
departure and pays the expense of departing can be legally
admitted in the future without penalty.
Another type of removal is exclusion. The Immigration
and Naturalization Service has the initial responsibility for
determining who may be admitted to the United States.
Aliens who are refused admission have access to an
appeals process. The INS removes those aliens who are
ordered excluded and deported by an immigration judge or
the Board of Immigration Appeals.
The following table illustrates the relative sizes of the
major expulsion types:
Fiscal year 1994 Fiscal year 1993
Voluntary departure
with safeguard 1,022,976 1,236,863
Deportations 39,620 37,216
Exclusions 5,504 5,028
Required departures 5,574 6,161
The INS enumerates the largest category of expulsions,
voluntary departure under safeguard, for workload
management purposes. Little information is available for
this group. About 99 percent of these removals are of
Mexican nationals who are returned across the southern
border soon after their apprehension.
Data Overview: Removals
The INS has several options in removing an alien from the
United States. The best known is deportation; however,
most aliens are actually removed under a process called
"voluntary departure with safeguards." Under this
procedure an alien admits to illegal status and agrees to
leave the United States. The alien further agrees to remain
in custody until departure, which is observed by an officer
of the INS. If the alien refuses the offer of voluntary
departure, or if no such offer is made, the alien is entitled
to a hearing and is placed under "docket control" (an INS
A removal statistic of great interest is the combination of
deportations and exclusions. More demographic and
immigration data are available for these categories than are
available for the voluntary returns. Although these data are
also available for required departures, the aliens in that
category may be eligible for an immediate legal reentry to
the United States and their "expulsion" does not have the
same connotation as a deportation. In 1994 the INS
expelled aliens from 145 countries; 23 countries had more
than 100 expulsions each. Mexican nationals accounted for
66.3 percent of all deportations and exclusions. The top 10
nationalities accounted for 89.8 percent of all removals.
157
Chart U
Aliens Apprehended: Fiscal Years 1951-94
Thousands
z,uuu -
1,750 -
1,500 -
1,250 -
1 f\r\r\
i
i
■
^
1,000
■
/50
M
^■^H
^1
■
500
IH^^fl
^
^H
^■^H
^1
■
n -
^^fl
^1
^■^1
^1
■
1951 1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990 1994
Source: Table 59. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
Country
All countries
Mexico
El Salvador
Honduras
Dominican Republic
Colombia
Guatemala
Jamaica
Canada
Nigeria
China, Mainland
Number
Percent of
removed
total
45,124
100.0
29,934
66.3
1,849
4.1
1,626
3.6
1,545
3.4
1,414
3.1
1,262
2.8
987
2.2
952
2.1
490
1.1
449
1.0
The passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act in
1986 helped the INS focus on the removal of those aliens
determined to be the greatest threat to society. In 1986 the
INS removed 1,015 aliens for criminal violations and 963
for narcotics violations. The two types of violations thus
accounted for 4 percent of all expulsions. Most of the rest
of the expelled aliens were charged with illegal entry or
with violating the conditions of their alien status. In 1994
Fiscal
year
Total
aliens
removed
Criminal and narcotics
violations
Number
Percent
1994 45,124 30,157 66.8
1993 42,244 27,625 65.4
1992 43,411 24,161 55.7
1991 33,042 16,930 51.2
1990 29,900 11,552 38.6
1989 34,264 7,795 22.7
1988 25,810 5,954 23.1
1987 24,318 4,534 18.6
the proportion of aliens removed who were charged with
crimes or narcotics activity increased to 67 percent.
Since 1986 the INS has devoted an increasing proportion
of resources to drug interdiction at the border and to
interagency cooperative task forces designed to eliminate
trafficking in illegal drugs within the United States. The
INS has improved its cooperation with other law
enforcement agencies to ensure that aliens convicted of
158
crimes and incarcerated are brought into deportation
proceedings at the end of their prison sentence.
The Statistical Yearbook includes detailed statistics on
exclusions for only those aliens who are denied entry after
a formal exclusion hearing before an immigration judge.
However, the overwhelming number of aliens who fail to
gain admission withdraw their applications during the
inspection process after the INS presents evidence that
they are inadmissible to the United States.
In fiscal year 1994, 961,444 aliens withdrew during the
inspection process. Only 17,419 aliens continued their
cases before an immigration judge. The United States
formally excluded 5,504 aliens (some of these aliens had
hearings that began in a previous fiscal year). Five
countries accounted for more than 60 percent of the
formal exclusions: Mexico (1,591); Canada (749); the
Dominican Republic (424); China (406); and Colombia
(256).
Limitations of Data
INS' current data systems cannot link an apprehension to
its final disposition (removal, adjustment of status, etc.).
Therefore, analysts should use caution when comparing
apprehension and removal data. Apprehended aliens who
choose to use the available appeals procedures will spend
at least several months and perhaps several years in the
process before final disposition of their cases. In other
words, aliens apprehended in any given fiscal year are
quite likely to be expelled (or adjusted to legal status) in
some future fiscal year.
In addition, INS statistics on apprehensions and removals
relate to events, not individuals. For example, if an alien
has been apprehended three times during the fiscal year,
that individual will appear three times in the apprehension
statistics.
The data on removals under docket control reported in this
and other Statistical Yearbooks should be used cautiously.
One problem is the time lag in reporting expulsions. This
time lag is different for deportations and exclusions.
Slightly more than 93 percent of the deportations reported
in fiscal year 1994 actually occurred in that fiscal year; 4
percent were in fiscal year 1993 and the rest occurred
earlier. Only 78 percent of the exclusions reported in fiscal
year 1994 actually took place in fiscal year 1994; 17 percent
occurred in fiscal year 1993, and the rest earlier. The data
in this Yearbook have been adjusted to reflect the actual
year of removal. The data for each fiscal year require
updating and cannot be considered complete for at least 4
years. For example, the removals reported during fiscal
year 1994 that occurred in 1993 increased the number for
fiscal year 1993 by almost 3 percent.
Another area of caution involves changes in definitions
across years. The INS has begun incorporating new
information about the crimes of aliens removed in recent
years. This change allows INS to more accurately count
the number of criminals that it removes. The statistics in
this Yearbook reflect these changes and update the data on
reason for removal from fiscal year 1990 onward. For
example, the number of deported aliens recorded as
criminal in 1993 has increased from 18,870 (1993
Yearbook) to 25,066 (1994 Yearbook).
159
TABLE 59. ALIENS APPREHENDED, DEPORTED, AND REQUIRED TO DEPART
FISCAL YEARS 1892-1994
Year
Apprehended '
Aliens expelled
Total
Deported
Required to depart '
1892-1994
1892-1900
1901-10....
1911-20....
1921-30....
1931-40....
1941-50...
1951-60 ....
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961-70 ....
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971-80 ....
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1976, TQ
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981-90 ....
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991-94 ...
1991
1992
1993
1994
31,943,615
NA
NA
NA
128,484
147,457
1,377,210
3,598,949
509,040
543,535
885,587
1,089,583
254,096
87,696
59,918
53,474
45,336
70,684
1,608,356
88,823
92,758
88,712
86,597
110,371
138,520
161,608
212,057
283,557
345,353
8321,498
420,126
505,949
655,968
788,145
766,600
875,915
221,824
1,042,215
1,057,977
1,076,418
910,361
11,883328
975,780
970,246
1,251,357
1,246,981
1,348,749
1,767,400
1,190,488
1,008,145
954,243
1,169,939
4,878,333
1,197,875
1,258,482
1,327,259
1,094,717
29,678,905
3,127
11,558
27,912
164,390
210,416
1,581,774
4,013,547
686,713
723,959
905,236
1,101,228
247,797
88,188
68,461
67,742
64,598
59,625
1,430,902
59,821
61,801
76,846
81,788
105,406
132,851
151,603
189,082
251,463
320,241
7,478,574
387,713
467,193
584,847
737,564
679,252
793,092
199,207
897,243
1,003,886
992,025
736,552
10,174,428
840,595
827,090
949,832
927,440
1,062,654
1,608,600
1,113,514
934,883
861,189
1,048,631
4,582,277
1,089,849
1,144,021
1,280,237
1,068,170
1,177,664
3,127
11,558
27.912
92,157
117,086
110,849
129,887
13,544
20,181
19,845
26,951
15,028
7,297
5,082
7.142
7,988
6,829
96374
7,438
7,637
7,454
8,746
10,143
9,168
9,260
9,130
10,505
16,893
231,762
17,639
16,266
16,842
18,824
23,438
27,998
8,927
30,228
28,371
25,888
17,341
212,808
16,720
14,518
18,232
17,607
21,358
22,302
22,324
23,119
30,425
26,203
144,144
28,887
38,421
37,216
39,620
28,501,241
NA
NA
NA
72,233
93,330
1,470,925
3,883,660
673,169
703,778
885,391
1,074,277
232,769
80,891
63,379
60,600
56,610
52,796
1,334,528
52,383
54,164
69,392
73,042
95,263
123,683
142,343
179,952
240,958
303,348
7,246,812
370,074
450,927
568,005
718,740
655,814
765,094
190,280
867,015
975,515
966,137
719,211
9,961,620
823,875
812,572
931,600
909,833
1,041,296
1,586,298
1,091,190
911,764
830,764
1,022.428
4,438,133
1,060,962
1,105,600
1,243,021
1,028,550
Aliens apprehended were first recorded in 1925. Prior to 1960, data represent total aliens actually apprehended. Since 1960, figures are for total deportable
aliens located, including nonwillful crewman violators. ^ Aliens required to depart were first recorded in 1927.
NOTE: See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. NA Not available.
160
TABLE 60. DEPORTABLE ALIENS LOCATED BY STATUS AT ENTRY
AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and country
of nationality
All
located
Visitor
Crew-
man
Student
Temporary worker
Agricul-
ture
Other
Immi-
grant
Stow-
away
TWOV
Entry
without
inspection
All countries
Europe
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China, Mainland
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Vietnam
Other Asia
Africa
Liberia
Nigeria
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Belize
Canada
Costa Rica
Cuba
Dominican Republic ....
El Salvador
Guatemala
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Trinidad & Tobago
Other North America ...
South America
Argentina
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ...
Unknown or not reported
1,094,717
2,626
140
222
33
140
34.i
128
529
121
968
6,073
1,168
656
284
214
100
230
267
198
348
835
535
1,238
2,103
74
713
1,316
272
,078,132
195
3,862
164
2,472
6,132
7,466
6,422
1,894
4,502
1,968
,040,302
1,624
222
380
527
5,507
95
502
2,149
1,338
249
578
208
388
13,342
1,231
79
118
12
51
192
27
292
31
429
1,645
105
160
118
158
49
133
83
115
95
295
8
326
828
35
286
507
158
7,964
58
1,241
64
15
235
66
137
100
111
457
4,905
82
77
168
248
1,513
48
259
630
82
36
167
124
167
833
92
I
I
5
6
I
4
74
159
8
3
I
I
1
3
3
76
I
62
16
2
14
17
474
31
8
13
204
68
51
23
41
7
2
19
75
1
35
2
10
18
4
5
978
63
9
9
2
5
6
1
10
1
20
349
38
15
50
9
15
46
14
24
27
21
90
303
9
164
130
18
185
16
2
8
5
1
I
5
6
20
94
2
7
6
12
60
2
9
14
4
I
6
6
18
140
2
1
10
1
2
4
8
5
3
1
116
I
1
1
72
30
260
28
2
1
2
2
I
5
3
12
125
3
10
I
2
4
5
92
2
4
1
79
16
48
1
4
21
3
10,745
485
14
51
2
59
25
70
114
24
126
963
58
37
27
10
5
29
64
23
32
233
217
228
199
9
86
104
41
8,297
32
97
16
331
1,064
200
107
151
96
914
4,888
44
75
161
121
760
18
7
372
92
151
65
16
39
410
7
1
1
3
I
13
1
5
7
1
290
49
I
16
135
1
33
46
92
1
71
7
5
3
1
4
59
6
34
1
1
I
9
6
1,064,068
468
22
13
10
8
104
17
36
42
216
2,032
926
397
67
27
17
14
83
22
165
62
37
215
351
14
105
232
22
1,058,390
102
2,331
69
1,539
4,588
7,164
6,140
1,363
4,203
252
1,029,039
1,448
43
23
86
2,804
19
218
940
1,143
30
283
47
124
1
' TWOV represents transit without visa. See Glossary for definition.
- Represents zero.
161
TABLE 61. ALIENS EXCLUDED BY CAUSE
FISCAL YEARS 1892-1984
Year
Total
Subversive
or
anarchist
Criminal
or
narcotics
violations
Immoral
Mental or
physical
defect
Likely to
become
public
charge
Stowaway
Attempted
entry without
inspection
or without
proper
documents
Contract
laborer
Unable to
read (over
16 years
of age)
Other
1892-1984
1892-1900
1901-10 ....
1911-20 ....
1921-30 ....
1931-40 ....
1941-50 ....
1951-60 ....
1961-70 ....
1971-80 ....
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1976, TQ
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981-84 ....
1981
1982
1983
1984
633,918
22,515
108,211
178,109
189,307
68,217
30,263
20,585
4,831
8,455
655
617
504
589
994
1,228
318
1,035
906
937
672
3,425
659
698
979
1,089
1,379
10
27
9
5
60
1,098
128
32
11
8
2
4
1
4
2
10
5
4
1
14,287
65
1,681
4,353
2,082
1,261
1,134
1,791
383
837
49
60
58
93
91
75
23
146
81
95
66
700
152
183
205
160
8,233
89
1,277
4,824
1,281
253
80
361
24
20
1
5
1
3
I
2
3
1
3
24
4
10
82,593
1.309
24,425
42,129
11,044
1,530
1,021
956
145
31
11
5
5
2
4
219,421
15,070
63,311
90,045
37,175
12,519
1,072
149
27
31
2
3
6
3
5
22
13
6
3
16,247
1,904
8,447
2,126
3,182
376
175
30
21
4
192,545
94,084
47,858
22,441
14,657
3,706
7,237
536
511
415
451
854
1,122
288
865
798
817
580
2,562
486
478
728
870
41,941
5,792
12,991
15,417
6,274
1,235
219
13
13,679
5,083
8,202
258
108
26
2
43,593
190
4,516
14,327
20,709
1,172
946
1,158
241
237
24
21
17
36
36
22
7
16
22
16
20
97
11
8
29
49
NOTE: From 1941-53, figures represent all exclusions at sea and air ports and exclusions of aliens seeking entry for 30 days or longer at land ports. After 1953,
includes aliens excluded after formal hearings. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
- Represents zero.
TABLE 62. ALIENS EXCLUDED BY CAUSE
FISCAL YEARS 1985-94
Year
Total
Convictions for
criminal or
narcotics violations
Related to criminal
or narcotics
violations
Attempted entry
without
inspection
Other
1985-94
35,918
1,747
2,273
1,994
2,691
3,839
3,697
4,155
4,990
5,028
5,504
11,589
297
269
426
481
773
950
1,411
1,825
2,559
2,598
6
1
4
1
22,284
1.351
1,900
1,423
2,043
2,868
2,543
2,438
2,902
2,210
2,606
2,039
99
104
145
167
198
204
305
259
258
300
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
NOTE: Data include aliens excluded after formal heanngs,
changed in 1990. See Enforcement section of text.
- Represents zero.
See Glossary for fiscal year definitions. The definition of which aliens counted as criminal aliens
162
TABLE 63. ALIENS EXCLUDED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF BIRTH
FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
Region and country of birth
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All countries
Europe
Albania
Germany
Italy
Poland
Romania
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
Bangladesh
Burma
China, Mainland
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Sri Lanka
Taiwan
Thailand
Other Asia
Africa
Cote d'lvoire
Ghana
Liberia
Niger
Nigeria
Togo
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Cuba
Dominican Republic ...
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Other Central America
Other North America
South America
Bolivia
Brazil
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America
Unknown or not reported
- Represents zero.
3,697
145
16
12
15
2
21
6
73
523
49
15
80
13
8
43
10
18
17
127
51
49
6
3
34
138
1
47
7
25
24
34
11
2,486
426
665
1,255
6
69
342
617
155
18
48
140
7
51
21
22
39
368
7
96
119
35
55
20
8
28
26
4,155
164
1
12
16
17
3
47
5
63
368
33
27
53
18
12
18
3
8
17
59
34
45
11
30
122
2
41
2
22
20
35
22
2,996
559
1,110
1,141
10
109
411
388
156
35
32
186
8
58
50
46
24
463
13
109
177
57
41
28
6
32
20
4,990
193
11
22
33
3
47
10
67
786
55
1
38
140
6
11
10
7
15
14
280
90
70
4
1
44
252
5
54
9
19
98
67
19
3,245
768
1,178
959
7
115
279
285
200
39
34
339
9
134
122
40
34
1
485
11
113
161
61
41
70
12
16
10
5,028
162
2
15
13
12
3
44
12
61
690
46
58
226
15
9
11
12
17
37
97
48
43
12
5
54
297
11
81
20
13
103
2
67
34
3,417
920
1,317
1,006
12
114
505
156
178
15
26
174
16
67
52
20
19
425
23
58
190
42
46
50
6
10
5,504
220
9
14
14
28
13
58
20
64
1,052
39
10
406
173
24
11
15
10
27
17
116
82
30
14
10
68
366
13
90
12
19
144
13
75
21
3,370
749
1,591
795
10
66
424
49
200
26
20
233
15
77
85
43
13
2
467
18
67
256
14
33
54
10
15
163
TABLE 64. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART
BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
Region and country of nationality
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All countries
Europe
Bulgaria
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Romania
Soviet Union
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Other Europe
Asia
China, Mainland
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jordan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Other Asia
Africa
Nigeria
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Cuba
Dominican Republic ...
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Other Caribbean
Central America
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Other Central America
South America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America
Stateless or not reported ...
- Represents zero.
11,485
867
4
77
62
37
217
5
3
178
54
230
1,232
43
69
63
62
243
42
103
80
35
236
256
334
26
308
90
8,168
126
4,930
442
10
238
26
109
21
38
2,670
1,103
846
320
311
90
614
32
117
25
222
46
80
38
54
180
7,082
761
10
49
44
28
275
12
7
111
49
176
752
50
46
55
42
113
21
61
44
23
119
178
173
10
163
55
4,830
101
2,514
449
21
241
13
94
34
46
1,766
629
400
220
430
87
402
38
58
14
120
41
69
21
41
109
7,470
672
17
49
31
13
238
16
10
98
25
175
787
91
46
46
52
59
34
41
34
39
187
158
207
30
177
54
5,253
117
3,132
415
11
272
13
73
27
19
1,589
612
359
174
388
56
436
35
49
16
149
42
69
30
46
61
6,161
472
27
29
21
15
126
32
21
80
25
96
719
87
64
54
21
35
37
48
19
27
190
137
123
23
100
50
4,428
89
2,732
478
21
343
10
60
26
18
1,129
541
195
119
229
45
319
13
34
19
92
38
50
19
54
50
5,574
502
41
18
21
18
95
65
60
72
23
640
41
65
43
19
20
27
43
30
22
236
94
82
17
65
40
3,999
65
2,657
488
29
362
19
37
17
24
789
298
140
127
190
34
290
26
35
17
91
24
59
16
22
21
164
TABLE 65. ALIENS UNDER DOCKET CONTROL REQUIRED TO DEPART BY
CAUSE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Convictions
Related to
Entered
without
Violation of
Region and country
Total
for criminal
criminal or
nonim-
Other
of nationality
or narcotics
narcotics
inspection
migrant
violations
violations
status
All countries
5,574
549
9
4,001
758
257
Europe
502
16
1
248
199
38
Bulgaria
41
-
-
24
16
1
France
18
1
8
8
-
Germany
21
-
6
8
3
Italy
18
-
9
6
2
Poland
95
-
54
37
3
Romania
65
-
29
32
2
Soviet Union
60
72
-
27
34
23
24
9
United Kingdom
10
Yugoslavia
23
-
15
7
-
Other Europe
89
42
38
8
Asia
640
11
3
311
278
37
China, Mainland
41
-
26
12
2
India
65
-
-
27
30
8
Iran
43
2
.
20
18
3
Israel
19
-
-
9
10
-
Japan
20
-
-
9
10
1
Jordan
27
2
-
8
15
2
Korea
43
-
-
20
22
1
Lebanon
30
-
-
8
19
3
Pakistan
22
2
-
18
2
Philippines
236
2
3
123
95
13
94
82
2
2
;
43
40
45
35
4
Africa
5
Nigeria
17
-
-
9
7
1
Other Africa
65
40
2
1
:
31
18
28
19
4
Oceania
2
North America
3,999
489
4
3,197
153
156
Canada
65
8
3
22
18
14
Mexico
2,657
394
1
2,131
69
62
Caribbean
488
39
.
355
33
61
Cuba
29
-
4
-
25
Dominican Republic
362
25
310
5
22
Haiti
19
-
-
10
4
5
Jamaica
37
8
-
15
9
5
Trinidad & Tobago
17
3
-
6
5
3
24
789
298
140
3
48
20
9
-
10
689
264
126
10
33
6
2
1
Central America
19
8
Guatemala
3
Honduras
127
11
-
105
8
3
Nicaragua
190
4
-
174
9
3
Other Central America
34
4
_
20
8
2
290
26
29
1
168
15
73
11
19
Argentina
Brazil
35
-
-
19
14
2
Chile
17
-
10
6
1
Colombia
91
20
1
47
11
12
Ecuador
24
3
-
16
5
-
Peru
59
4
.
44
11
-
Venezuela
16
1
-
5
10
-
Other South America
22
21
I
1
_
12
19
5
1
4
Stateless or not reported
NOTE: The definition of which aliens counted as criminal aliens changed in 1990. See Enforcement section of text.
- Represents zero.
165
TABLE 66. ALIENS DEPORTED BY CAUSE
FISCAL YEARS 1908-80
Year
Total
Subver-
sive or
anarchist
Criminal
viola-
tions
Immoral
Narcotics
viola-
tions
Mental
or
physical
defect
Previ-
ously
excluded
or
deported
Failed to
maintain
or comply
with con-
ditions of
nonim-
migrant
status
Entered
without
proper
docu-
ments
Entered
without
inspec-
tion or
by false
state-
ments
Public
charge
Unable
to read
(over 16
years
of age)
Other
1908-80
812,915
6,888
27,912
92,157
117,086
110,849
129,887
96,374
231,762
17,639
16,266
16,842
18,824
23.438
27.998
8,927
30,228
28,371
25,888
17,341
1,528
353
642
253
17
230
15
18
2
2
7
3
1
3
48,330
236
1,209
8,383
16.597
8,945
6,742
3,694
2,524
286
266
226
191
225
272
83
285
220
264
206
16,582
784
4,238
4,838
759
1,175
397
67
9
7
7
7
4
8
2
6
4
9
4
8339
6,364
374
1,108
822
947
1,462
3,626
232
307
395
396
583
464
110
372
314
265
188
27305
3,228
178
8,936
6,301
1,560
642
236
38
7
3
7
7
6
2
3
1
2
41.022
1,842
9,729
17,642
4.002
3.601
4,028
476
487
594
440
526
481
141
315
236
202
130
124,465
5,556
14,669
13,906
25,260
31.334
33,740
4.140
3.966
3.989
3.839
3,649
3,782
1,007
3,150
2,543
1,901
1.774
154,896
31,704
45.480
14,288
35,090
11,831
16,503
2,979
2,710
2,247
2,086
1,896
1,185
271
1,066
871
707
485
334,889
1,106
4,128
5,265
5,159
50,209
54,457
43,561
171,004
9,483
8,486
9.342
11.839
16.529
21.777
7.304
25.012
24.165
22.525
14,542
22,556
474
9,086
10,703
1,886
143
225
8
31
4
6
4
2
1
1
3
1
5
3
1
16,672
704
5,977
8,329
1,746
5
1
1
16,241
1 060
1908-10
1911-20
1921-30
1.566
8.537
2 737
1931-40
1941-50
812
1951-60
1 112
1961-70
235
1971-80
182
1971
21
1972
26
1973
24
1974
14
1975
19
1976
24
1976, TQ
1977
6
15
1978
12
1979
10
1980
11
- Represents zero.
NOTE; Deportation statistics by cause were not available prior to fiscal year 1908. See Glossary for fiscal year definitions.
TABLE 67. ALIENS DEPORTED BY CAUSE
FISCAL YEARS 1981-94
Convictions
Related to
Entered
without
inspection
Violation of
Year
Total
for criminal
or narcotics
criminal or
narcotics
nonim-
migrant
Other
violations
violations
status
1981-94
356,952
123,510
3,951
1,827
198,245
18,645
15,831
12,601
1981-90
212,808
33,030
153,283
8,837
1981
16.720
310
54
13,601
1,959
796
1982
14.518
413
64
11,554
1,796
691
1983
18,232
863
93
14.318
1.958
1.000
1984
17,607
981
80
14.082
1.702
762
1985
21,358
1,551
151
16.957
1,916
783
1986
22,302
1.707
165
17.804
1,863
763
1987
22,324
4.108
273
15,819
1,273
851
1988
23,119
5.473
308
15,323
995
1,020
1989
30,425
7.022
342
20,636
1,243
1,182
1990
26,203
10,602
297
13,189
1,126
989
1991-94
144,144
90,480
2,124
44,962
2,814
3,764
1991
28,887
15,519
476
10,908
968
1,016
1992
38,421
22,336
690
13.423
856
1,116
1993
37,216
25.066
485
10,332
523
810
1994
39,620
27.559
473
10.299
467
822
NOTE: The definition of which aliens counted as criminal aliens changed in 1990. See Enforcement section of text.
166
TABLE 68. ALIENS DEPORTED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
nSCAL YEARS 1990-94
Region and country of nationality
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All countries
Europe
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Asia
China, Mainland
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Turkey
Other Asia
Africa
Ghana
Liberia
Nigeria
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Barbados
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago ..
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Argentina
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
Venezuela
Other South America ..
Stateless or not reported .
26,203
415
30
36
22
40
16
143
128
556
15
50
32
31
89
20
28
42
99
24
126
333
19
10
141
163
31
23,332
250
14,781
2,148
40
17
60
952
214
745
76
44
6,153
126
34
2,483
1,647
1,632
127
104
1,405
31
62
26
965
77
52
99
49
44
131
28,887
448
27
31
27
75
25
154
109
455
14
27
18
34
92
18
20
33
89
20
90
272
10
125
137
38
26,085
262
19,824
1,709
37
19
29
711
169
610
80
54
4,290
84
43
1,506
1.062
1,262
263
70
1,358
24
58
33
918
95
56
96
41
37
231
38,421
621
30
55
47
98
40
170
181
584
38
42
44
42
22
28
28
44
130
16
150
392
15
9
204
164
40
34,907
279
26,432
2,444
60
20
31
1,073
165
929
107
59
5,752
97
42
1,949
1,406
1,847
306
105
1,777
35
56
26
1,215
108
106
126
67
38
100
37,216
669
44
87
43
64
42
223
166
534
36
37
45
45
29
30
36
38
119
12
107
415
24
12
233
146
42
33,883
229
25,736
2,487
56
27
31
1,142
158
886
123
64
5,431
114
38
2,000
1,301
1,637
236
105
1,629
16
39
43
1,113
90
80
158
42
48
44
39,620
724
49
79
47
52
45
252
200
569
43
41
40
29
39
29
35
28
145
27
113
579
32
25
346
176
64
35,940
203
28,343
2,288
53
27
38
1,121
106
787
104
52
5,106
82
27
1,772
1,177
1,583
366
99
1,698
28
56
37
1,158
103
75
141
57
43
46
■ Represents zero.
167
TABLE 69. ALIENS DEPORTED BY REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY TO WHICH DEPORTED
FISCAL YEARS 1990-94
Region and country
to which deported
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All countries
Europe
France
Germany
Italy
Poland
Portugal
United Kingdom
Other Europe
Asia
China, Mainland
India
Iran
Israel
Japan
Korea
Lebanon
Pakistan
Philippines
Other Asia
Africa
Ghana
Niger
Nigeria
Other Africa
Oceania
North America
Canada
Mexico
Caribbean
Bahamas, The
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago .
Other Caribbean
Central America
Belize
Costa Rica
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Nicaragua
Panama
South America
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Ecuador
Guyana
Peru
- Venezuela
Other South America .
Stateless or not reported
2633
374
20
37
23
36
17
126
115
529
11
40
25
35
88
19
23
45
98
145
339
20
113
135
71
43
23,497
319
14,881
2,165
37
50
971
216
747
72
72
6,132
129
33
2,492
1,632
1,633
111
102
1,410
60
28
983
77
48
99
45
70
II
28.887
432
19
46
21
70
26
157
93
434
8
21
14
33
89
17
15
32
88
117
272
9
75
112
76
49
26311
330
20,054
1,726
38
46
705
169
608
76
84
4,201
85
38
1,457
1,038
1,267
251
65
1383
67
29
945
96
56
98
35
57
38,421
556
19
59
45
87
39
148
159
549
28
35
36
46
24
30
25
45
122
158
386
17
89
174
106
54
35,081
381
26,627
2,470
62
96
1,017
164
928
107
96
5,603
100
46
1,895
1,355
1,826
285
96
1,789
55
27
1,233
107
104
131
57
75
37,216
631
34
95
43
63
41
199
156
508
27
31
30
38
29
28
29
37
117
142
402
24
77
189
112
57
33,983
291
25,897
2,493
56
48
1,127
154
883
124
101
5,302
117
36
1,975
1,253
1,602
221
98
1,623
38
41
1,110
89
80
167
37
61
12
39,620
671
37
79
46
49
40
225
195
556
34
37
32
30
40
32
32
31
143
145
576
33
49
319
175
77
36,034
246
28,483
2300
53
52
1,109
102
789
103
92
5,005
82
30
1.766
1,136
1,553
348
90
1,701
53
38
1,180
101
75
138
49
67
168
TABLE 70. ALIENS DEPORTED BY CAUSE AND REGION AND SELECTED COUNTRY OF NATIONALITY
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Convictions
Related to
Entered
without
Violation of
Region and country
Total
for criminal
criminal or
nonim-
Other
of nationality
or narcotics
narcotics
inspection
migrant
violations
violations
status
39,620
724
27,559
339
473
7
10,299
193
467
163
822
Europe
22
France
49
15
1
13
17
3
Germany
79
23
-
29
22
5
Italy
47
25
-
10
12
-
Poland
52
23
-
16
12
1
Portugal
45
43
-
2
-
-
United Kingdom
252
122
4
61
57
8
Other Europe
200
88
2
62
43
5
Asia
569
312
4
124
103
26
China
43
14
-
21
3
5
India
41
19
1
16
5
-
Iran
40
26
-
5
6
3
Israel
29
20
-
5
4
-
Japan
39
7
1
12
15
4
Korea
29
18
-
7
3
1
35
29
1
1
3
1
Pakistan
28
19
-
4
3
2
145
81
-
24
33
7
Turkey
27
11
-
11
3
2
113
579
68
451
1
1
18
62
25
50
1
Africa
15
Ghana
32
28
-
-
4
-
Liberia
25
21
-
3
1
-
Nigeria
346
302
-
19
18
7
176
64
100
40
1
40
12
27
12
8
Oceania
North America
35,940
25,080
459
9,573
93
735
Canada
203
161
7
23
4
8
Mexico
28,343
20,887
431
6,346
47
632
Caribbean
2,288
1,952
6
258
21
51
Bahamas, The
53
45
-
7
1
-
Barbados
27
27
-
-
-
-
Dominica
38
23
-
14
1
-
Dominican Republic
1,121
919
1
167
6
28
Haiti
106
98
-
8
-
-
Jamaica
787
705
3
51
9
19
Trinidad & Tobago
104
92
1
6
1
3
Other Caribbean
52
5,106
43
2,080
1
15
5
2,946
2
21
1
Central America
44
Belize
82
65
16
1
Costa Rica
27
1,772
1,177
17
884
436
12
2
10
855
730
2
2
_
19
Guatemala
7
Honduras
1,583
474
1
1,084
7
17
Nicaragua
366
116
243
7
-
Panama
99
88
-
8
3
-
South America
1,698
1,313
2
319
42
22
Argentina
28
19
7
1
1
Brazil
56
26
22
6
2
Chile
37
24
-
12
-
1
Colombia
1,158
960
1
169
19
9
Ecuador
103
74
-
25
1
3
Guyana
75
68
-
5
1
1
Peru
141
79
1
54
4
3
Venezuela
57
39
-
13
4
1
43
46
24
24
-
12
16
6
4
1
Stateless or not reported
2
NOTE: The definition of which aliens counted as criminal aliens changed in 1990. See Enforcement section of text.
Represents zero.
169
TABLE 71. ALIENS DEPORTED AND UNDER DOCKET CONTROL
REQUIRED TO DEPART BY STATUS AT ENTRY
FISCAL YEARS 1989-94
Status at entry
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Aliens deported:
Total
Immigrant (except displaced person or refugee)
Displaced person or refugee
Foreign government official
Temporary visitor
Visitor for business — Visa Waiver
Visitor for pleasure — Visa Waiver
Transit alien
Crewman
Treaty trader or investor
Representative to international organization
Returning resident alien
Student — academic institution
Student — vocational
Entered without inspection
Other temporary worker or industrial trainee ....
Representative of foreign information media ....
Exchange visitor
Fiance(e)
Intracompany transferee
Other or unknown
Aliens under docket control required to depart: '
Total
Immigrant (except displaced person or refugee)
Displaced person or refugee
Foreign government official
Temporary visitor
Visitor for business — Visa Waiver
Visitor for pleasure — Visa Waiver
Transit alien
Crewman
Treaty trader or investor
Representative to international organization
Returning resident alien
Student — academic institution
Student — vocational
Entered without inspection
Other temporary worker or industrial trainee ....
Representative of foreign information media ....
Exchange visitor
Fiance(e)
Intracompany transferee
Other or unknown
30,425
814
60
27
1,606
3
47
95
5
2
233
5
26,861
92
9
9
6
4
547
13,015
111
18
11
3,083
202
154
34
3
501
19
1,270
148
2
67
19
39
334
26003
1,218
57
15
1,604
1
68
37
154
5
3
4
187
4
21,856
102
2
7
5
4
870
11,485
154
49
13
2,243
1
5
64
110
26
4
311
13
7,860
102
3
66
20
35
406
28,887
1,543
86
8
1,640
2
98
46
102
16
2
175
2
24,293
52
1
9
9
10
793
7,082
117
24
8
1,685
29
48
53
26
2
175
9
4,536
71
41
11
22
225
38,421
2,410
143
18
2,155
2
21
38
137
10
3
288
5
32,189
102
3
16
15
5
861
7,470
145
21
6
1,624
2
42
44
9
1
163
10
5,008
107
51
26
10
201
37,216
2,778
186
11
1,959
17
176
33
93
9
1
208
6
30,801
83
5
10
10
5
825
6,161
120
29
1,292
1
3
52
37
16
2
136
5
4,180
57
53
16
5
157
39,620
2,885
145
11
2,125
11
249
54
80
6
3
3
258
7
32,886
68
4
18
22
4
781
5,574
118
32
5
1,096
I
19
45
26
7
2
98
4
3,782
147
39
13
7
133
Excludes required departures of technical violators and direct departures under safeguards
■ Represents zero.
170
TABLE 72. ALIENS DEPORTED AND REQUIRED TO DEPART BY REGION AND DISTRICT OFFICE
FISCAL YEAR 1994
Region and district office
Total
Deported
Required to depart
All regions
Eastern Region
Atlanta, GA
Baltimore, MD
Boston, MA
Buffalo, NY
Cleveland, OH
Detroit, Ml
Miami, FL
Newark, NJ
New Orleans, LA .
New York, NY
Philadelphia, PA ..
Portland, ME
San Juan, PR
Washington, DC ..
Central Region
Chicago, IL
Dallas, TX
Denver, CO
El Paso, TX
Harlingen, TX
Helena, MT
Houston, TX
Kansas, MO
Omaha, NE
St. Paul, MN
San Antonio, TX ..
Western Region
Anchorage, AK ....
Honolulu, HI
Los Angeles, CA ..
Phoenix, AZ
Portland, OR
San Diego, CA
San Francisco, CA
Seattle, WA
1,068,170
13,751
602
247
624
1,932
141
545
1.526
266
2,820
827
267
675
3,046
233
363,750
603
7,067
2,564
89,360
133,963
214
1,446
462
71
240
127,760
690,669
81
435
12,202
161,564
208
490,822
20,911
4,446
39,620
6,190
247
172
543
265
37
60
797
175
2.707
594
185
34
245
129
10,852
252
514
1,703
2,515
1,928
104
1,327
157
42
81
2,229
22,578
32
115
5,683
4,138
145
9,215
840
2,410
1,028,550
7,561
355
75
81
1,667
104
485
729
91
113
233
82
641
2,801
104
352,898
351
6,553
861
86,845
132,035
110
119
305
29
159
125,531
668,091
49
320
6,519
157,426
63
481,607
20,071
2,036
171
TABLE 73. SERVICE PARTICIPATION IN THE CONTROL OF MARIJUANA, NARCOTICS,
AND DANGEROUS DRUG TRAFFIC
FISCAL YEARS 1984-94
Type of contraband
Year and seizure
Marijuana
(lbs.)
Heroin
(ozs.)
Opium
(ozs.)
Cocaine
(ozs.)
Hashish
(ozs.)
Dangerous
drug pills
(units)
Other
Total
1984:
Number of seizures
1,104
24
2
155
79
97
40
1,501
37,700.7
29,592,892
412.9
11,061,697
27.7
23,232
3,605.8
12,532,267
77.8
41.606
46,065
31,199
X
1,124,084
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
54.406,977
1985;
Number of seizures
1,853
33
4
169
200
151
47
2.457
72,469.9
49,883,060
371.4
4,093,249
34.9
17,325
22,142.9
75,822,274
92.4
69,761
13,290
15,111
X
169,248
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
130,070,028
1986:
Number of seizures
2,377
71
3
291
391
238
110
3.481
143,232.8
91,173,982
990.4
59,758,294
65.1
1,529,600
44,200.5
111,111,329
460.7
182,965
160,392
267,252
X
180,581
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
264,204,003
1987:
Number of seizures
4,003
83
3
511
279
312
201
5.392
Amount seized
225,946.7
1,327.4
184.1
209,259.8
115.6
654,437
X
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
188,351,449
27,261,814
103,300
435,983,013
28,312
2,525,201
7,423.275
661,676,364
1988:
Number of seizures
4,190
126
3
676
259
231
339
5.824
Amount seized
333,7901
1,307.0
19.8
236,520.4
107.9
104,043
X
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
250,444,625
40,370,058
250,800
505.038,974
39,634
145,194
7.245,615
803,534,900
1989:
Number of seizures
5,920
368
13
1,609
181
224
441
8,756
Amount seized
556,864.7
442,913,841
23,767.6
193,443,462
231.3
216,803
641,487.5
1,346,492,775
79.0
101,486
6,113,197
1,896,080
X
2,870,994
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
1,987,935,441
1990:
Number of seizures
4,759
577
X
1,847
X
164
388
7,735
Amount seized
441,125.9
6,193.0
X
832,419.0
X
73,249
X
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
335,137,424
56,229,417
X
1,334,308,733
X
230,468
13,527,003
1,739,433,045
1991:
Number of seizures
4,983
403
X
1,624
X
133
289
7,432
Amount seized
388,104.3
3,717.3
X
877.419.5
X
160,431
X
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
330,633,986
31,734,541
X
1,224,947,975
X
380,698
5,783,668
1,593,480,868
1992:
Number of seizures
6,162
285
X
1,265
X
93
276
8,081
Amount seized
587,512.5
6,859.6
X
796,681.0
X
362,199
X
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
552,035,249
70,081,917
X
1,008,758,349
X
2,763,233
2,215.141
1,635,853,889
1993:
Number of seizures
7,848
270
X
1,217
X
111
364
9,810
Amount seized
683,649
574,514,441
5,977
74,301,714
X
X
863,740
1,510,042,908
X
X
75,921
173,370
X
15,909,284
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
2.174,941,717
1994:
Number of seizures
7,151
280
X
978
X
116
414
8,939
Amount seized
676,584
547,456,311
5,791
33,210,874
X
X
792,323
1,618,594,122
X
X
104,658
445,487
X
34,407,812
X
Estimated value of seizures (dollars) ..
2,234,114,606
NOTE: Corrections to this table may have changed data when compared to previous Yearbooks. Starting in 1990, the reporting of opium seizures is combined with
heroin, and hashish is combined with marijuana.
X Not applicable.
172
TABLE 74. PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE BORDER PATROL
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Activities and
accomplishments
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Persons aoDrehended
980,522
969,214
928,278
3,333
9,969
838,242
4,237
36,699
10,373
50,122
6,643
721,213,999
700,523,810
20,690,189
906335
891,147
830,985
2,592
5,686
727,400
5,297
54,865
13,794
50,638
10,789
1,212,724,491
1,191,505,131
21,219,360
1,123423
1,103353
1,054,849
4,661
7,544
865,739
5,746
42,758
21,901
71,049
17,275
843,562,055
797,768,179
45,793,876
1,152,667
1,132,933
1,095,122
4,707
8,095
978,807
6,666
31,145
18,826
64,170
14,261
950,199,178
910,146,141
40,053,037
1,221,904
1,199,560
1,168,946
5,488
7,165
1,065,159
6,167
24,447
17,237
69,538
11,391
1447,938,634
1,216,833,993
31,104,641
1,281,721
1,263,490
1,230,124
5,393
7.403
1.117.414
5,249
28,117
15,266
80,835
10,995
1382,898,517
1,337,766,371
45,132,146
1,046,576
1,031,668
999,890
Deportable aliens located
Mexican aliens
Working in agriculture
Working in trades, crafts,
industry, and service
Welfare/seeking employment
5,162
8,068
901,826
3,400
All others
28.378
Smugglers of aliens located
Aliens located who were
smuggled into the United States
Seizures (conveyances)
Value of seizures (dollars)
Narcotics
Other
14,143
92.934
9,134
1398,053,619
1,555,731,987
42,321,632
NOTE: Data on aliens previously expelled, aliens located with previous criminal records, conveyances examined, and persons questioned shown in previous
Yearbooks are not available starting with fiscal year 1990.
173
TABLE 75. PROSECUTIONS, FINES, AND IMPRISONMENT FOR IMMIGRATION
AND NATIONALITY VIOLATIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Action taken
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Prosecutions:
Total disposed of .
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals
Prosecutions for immigration violations:
Disposed of
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals
Prosecution for nationality violations:
Disposed of
Convictions
Acquittals
Dismissals
Aggregate fines and imprisonment:
Fines (dollars)
Immigration violations
Nationality violations
Imprisonment (years)
Immigration violations
Nationality violations
18,360
12.208
115
6,037
17,590
11,929
114
5,547
770
279
1
490
2,528,308
2,523,933
4,375
5,012
4,946
66
18380
12,561
105
5,914
17,992
12,379
105
5,508
588
182
406
1,830,594
1,828,694
1,900
4,579
4,558
21
20,079
12,719
50
7,310
19351
12,515
48
6,788
728
204
2
522
2,935,664
2,872.279
63,385
5,749
5,642
107
18,882
11,509
80
7,293
18,297
11,392
77
6,828
585
117
3
465
2,622,659
2,508.084
114.575
5,748
5.610
138
14,655
9,865
57
4,733
14,138
9.766
57
4,315
517
99
418
1,673,488
1.670.839
2.649
5,592
5,550
42
19,650
12.538
251
6,861
18,958
12,252
169
6,537
692
286
82
324
2,774,183
2.766.523
7.660
8,754
8.660
94
15,348
10,646
91
4,611
14,842
10,486
81
4,275
506
160
10
336
101,690,918
101,683.838
7.080
8,931
8.895
36
' Dismissed or otherwise closed.
- Represents zero.
TABLE 76, CONVICTIONS FOR IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY VIOLATIONS
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Violations
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
All violations
Immigration violations
Entry of aliens illegally
Reentries of deported aliens
Bringing in. transporting, harboring, and
inducing illegal entry of aliens
Fraud, misuse of visas, entry permits,
and other entry documents
Fraud and false statements or entries
Alien registration or alien address
violations
Producing, transferring, possessing,
using, or selling false identification
documents
Conspire to defraud U.S
Producing, processing, selling of a
controlled substance
Other violations
Nationality violations
False representation as citizens of U.S
False statements and procurement of
citizenship or naturalization unlawfully
Reproduction and sale of citizenship and
naturalization papers
NA Not available.
12,208
11,929
7,379
314
808
298
128
28
295
757
NA
1,922
279
248
28
12461
12379
7,659
381
860
228
142
73
370
560
NA
2,106
182
156
3
23
12329
12325
8,162
444
1.431
289
83
135
597
615
NA
569
204
137
60
7
11309
11392
7.214
547
1.498
318
68
93
602
252
466
334
117
69
36
12
9,865
9,766
6.341
477
977
306
109
39
497
121
498
401
99
59
37
3
12,538
12,252
7,184
767
1,010
546
578
14
671
221
762
499
286
221
64
I
10,646
10,486
6,615
803
734
427
384
16
599
134
556
218
160
129
27
174
TABLE 77. WRITS OF HABEAS CORPUS, JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ORDERS OF DEPORTATION, AND
DECLARATORY JUDGEMENTS IN EXCLUSION AND DEPORTATION CASES
FISCAL YEARS 1988-94
Action taken
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Writs of habeas corpus:
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Total pending end of year
Judicial review of orders of deportation
(Section 106. INA):
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Total pending end of year
Declaratory judgements:
Total disposed of
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Involving claims of U.S. nationality (8 U.S.C. 1503)
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
Involving exclusion or deportation
Favorable to U.S. government
Unfavorable to U.S. government
Withdrawn or otherwise closed
198
120
8
70
184
208
121
13
74
818
383
109
11
263
202
7
1
194
181
102
10
69
254
213
g
33
125
355
174
9
172
671
305
219
11
75
17
10
7
288
209
11
68
ISO
122
12
16
294
264
162
29
73
709
170
123
12
35
164
119
12
33
397
363
15
19
248
392
252
35
105
593
191
141
13
37
1
3
187
141
12
34
331
278
12
41
388
608
441
57
110
708
182
137
21
24
19
17
1
1
163
120
20
23
447
405
15
27
425
807
595
97
115
766
173
137
18
18
7
6
1
166
131
18
17
343
301
21
21
553
685
575
58
52
837
145
129
3
13
4
3
1
141
126
3
12
- Represents zero.
175
TABLE 78. PRIVATE IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY BILLS
INTRODUCED AND LAWS ENACTED
77TH THROUGH 103RD CONGRESS
Congress
Laws
enacted
103rd Congress
102nd Congress '
101st Congress
100th Congress
99th Congress
98th Congress
97th Congress
96th Congress
95th Congress
94th Congress
93rd Congress
92nd Congress
91st Congress
90th Congress
89th Congress
88th Congress
87th Congress
86th Congress
85th Congress
84th Congress
83rd Congress
82nd Congress
81st Congress
80th Congress
79th Congress
78th Congress
77th Congress
' Data on Bills introduced and Laws enacted by the
4
11
7
20
15
33
42
83
138
99
63
62
113
218
279
196
544
488
927
1,227
753
729
505
121
14
12
22
102nd Congress have been adjusted.
176
VII. PUBLIC USE
FILES
Information on aliens granted permanent resident
(immigrant) status may be purchased on magnetic tapes or
cartridges from the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS). These files, which contain information on
immigrants admitted from fiscal years 1972-94, are on 12
tapes, each generally covering a 3-year span. Cartridges
are available on a per-request basis. The variables
included on the files for fiscal years 1988-94 are:
♦ Port of entry
♦ Month of admission
♦ Year of admission
♦ Class of admission
♦ Age
♦ Country of birth
♦ Marital status
♦ Sex
♦ Nationality
♦ Occupation
♦ Type of case
Country of
chargeability
Country of last
permanent residence
Nonimmigrant class of
entry
Nonimmigrant year of
entry
INS district of intended
residence
State and Zip code of
intended residence
The tapes are formatted in EBCDIC character set and are
available in 9 track 1,600 bpi or 6,250 bpi. Data are
available also on IBM 3480 compatible cartridges.
Documentation for each year and other information about
tapes and cartridges are available from the Computer
Products Office of NTIS at (703) 487-4763.
The Statistical Yearbook may also be purchased from
NTIS in paper copy or microfiche form beginning with
fiscal year 1965. Prior to 1978, INS statistical data were
included in the Annual Report of the Immigration and
Naturalization Service. Those reports contain descriptions
of INS' activities and accomplishments in addition to the
statistical tables.
To order the Yearbook or the Public Use Files, call NTIS at
(703) 487-4650.
VIII. DATA GAPS
The text and usual table on the estimated number of aliens
and citizens admitted by state and port of entry are omitted
from this edition of the Statistical Yearbook. The largest
component of the admissions is the number of persons who
enter at land border ports. Information developed from
survey data indicates that the estimation procedures used
during the past few years at some land ports have resulted
in an overstatement of the total number of entries into the
United States. The methodology used to derive estimates
of the number of passengers per vehicle and the proportion
of aliens and U.S. citizens is being evaluated and revised.
Publication of this data series is expected to resume in
future years.
Although a considerable amount of detailed information is
available about immigrants, temporary visitors, and other
categories of international migrants to the United States,
significant gaps remain in our knowledge about
immigration to the United States. In some areas these
deficiencies persist because of the inherent difficulty in
estimating the numbers, as is the case for emigration and
illegal immigration. As a result, no information about
these two categories is included in the Statistical Yearbook
tables.
Emigration
The collection of statistics on emigration from the United
States was discontinued in 1957; no direct measure of
emigration has been available since then. Estimates
compiled in this country and stadstics collected in other
countries indicate that emigration from the United States
has increased steadily since the 1950s, exceeding 100,000
per year since 1970. These figures are consistent with U.S.
historical experience; between 1900 and 1990,
approximately 38 million immigrants were admitted, and
an estimated 12 million foreign-born persons emigrated. '
That is, for every 100 immigrants admitted, roughly 30
returned home (see Table M).
The U.S. Bureau of the Census currently uses an annual
emigration figure of 195,000, which includes both citizens
and aliens, for computing national population esUmates.
However, statistics (shown below) on U.S. residents
migrating to other countries published by the United
Warren, Robert and Ellen Percy Kraly, 1985, The Elusive Exodus:
Emigration from the United States, Population Trends and Public Policy
Occasional Paper No. 8, March, Population Reference Bureau:
Washington, DC.
177
Table M
Immigration and Emigration by Decade: 1901-90
Immigrants Emigrants Net Ratio;
Period to the U.S. from the U.S. Immigration Emigration/
(Thousands) (Thousands) (Thousands) Immigration
Total, 1901-90 37,869 11,882 25,987 .31
1981-90 7,338 1,600 5,738 .22
1971-80 4,493 1,176 3,317 .26
1961-70 3,322 900 2,422 .27
1951-60 2,515 425 2,090 .17
1941-50 1,035 281 754 .27
1931-40 528 649 -121 1.23
1921-30 4,107 1,685 2,422 .41
1911-20 5,736 2,157 3,579 .38
1901-10 8,795 3,008 5,787 .34
Source: 1992 Statistical Yearbook, Table 1; Warren, Robert and Ellen Percy Kraly, 1985, The Elusive Exodus: Emigration from the United
States, Population Trends and Public Policy Occasional Paper No. 8, March, Population Reference Bureau: Washington, D.C.
Nations and the Economic Commission for Europe
indicate that emigration from the United States could be
well above 200,000 annually.
Accurate, detailed, and timely estimates of emigration are
needed to develop and evaluate U.S. immigration policy,
to derive accurate national and local population estimates
(including estimates of illegal immigration), and to
measure coverage of the decennial censuses. The sketchy
data that are available indicate that emigration is a large
and growing component of U.S. population change.
However, partly because of inherent methodological
difficulties, data on emigration from the United States are
not being collected.
Emigration from the United States to
Top Ten Countries of Destination:
Selected Years, 1980s
All countries 241,000
I.Mexico 55,000
2. United Kingdom 31,000
3. Germany 29,000
4. Canada 20,000
5. Japan 19,000
6. Philippines 19,000
7. Guatemala 13,000
8. Indonesia 9,000
9. Australia 8,000
10. Italy 4,000
Source: 1989 U.N. Demographic Yearbook, Table 28; Economic
Commission for Europe, CES/710/Corr.
178
Illegal Immigrants
In 1994, the INS constructed estimates of the resident
illegal immigrant population residing in the United States
as of October 1992. " The estimates were derived by
combining detailed statistics for each component of change
that contributes to the illegal immigrant population.
For aliens from most countries of the world, the typical
way of joining the illegal population is to obtain visas for
temporary visits and stay beyond the authorized period of
admission. This segment of the population, referred to as
"nonimmigrant overstays", constitutes roughly half of the
illegal immigrant population residing in the United States.
The rest of the population enter surreptitiously across land
borders, usually between official ports of entry. This part
of the population, referred to as EWIs (entry without
inspection), includes persons from nearly every country,
but a large majority are from Mexico; most of the rest are
natives of Central American countries.
The figures shown in Table N are based on: estimates of
the illegal immigrant population who established residence
in the United States before 1982 and did not legalize under
the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 (IRCA);
and annual estimates of the number of EWIs and
nonimmigrant overstays who established residence here
during the 1982 to 1992 period. Estimates were derived
for October 1988 and October 1992 for 99 individual
Warren, Robert, 1994, Estimates of the Unauthi)rized Immigrant
Population Residing in the United Stales, by Country of Origin and State of
Residence: October 1992, Unpublished paper, U.S. Immigration and
Naturalization Service.
Table N
Estimated Illegal Immigrant Population for Top Twenty Countries of
Origin and Top Twenty States of Residence: October 1992
Country of origin
Population
State of residence
Population
All countries
1. Mexico
2. El Salvador
3. Guatemala
4. Canada
5. Poland
6. Philippines
7. Haiti
8. Bahamas
9. Nicaragua
10. Italy
1 1. Honduras
12. Colombia
13. Ecuador
14. Jamaica
15. Dominican Republic
16. Trinidad & Tobago ..
17. Ireland
18. Portugal
19. Pakistan
20. India
Other
3,379,000
1,321,000
327,000
129,000
97,000
91,000
90,000
88,000
71,000
68,000
67,000
61,000
59,000
45,000
42,000
40,000
39,000
36,000
31,000
30,000
28,000
618,000
All states
1. California
2. New York
3. Texas
4. Florida
5. Illinois
6. New Jersey
7. Arizona
8. Massachusetts
9. Virginia
10. Washington
11. Georgia
12. Maryland
13. Colorado
14. Oregon
15. New Mexico
16. Nevada
17. Pennsylvania
18. North Carolina
19. Connecticut
20. District of Columbia ,
Other
3,379,000
1,441,000
449,000
357,000
322,000
176,000
116,000
57,000
45,000
35,000
30,000
28,000
27,000
22,000
20,000
19,000
18,000
18,000
17,000
15,000
14,000
151,000
countries and for each continent of origin. The estimates
for each country were distributed to States based on the
U.S. residence pattern of each country's total number of
applicants for legalization under IRCA; the results were
summed to obtain state totals.
The primary objective in deriving the estimates was to
determine the number of illegal migrants who have
established residence in the United States and therefore
have the greatest impact on the U.S. population. Those
who were in the country for brief periods but were not in a
legal status for whatever reason are not included in the
estimates. Examples of the latter include seasonal workers
who cross the border to work for a few months in the
summer, tourists who stay a few days or weeks longer than
their period of admission, and nonimmigrants who work
without authorization.
The estimated total illegal immigrant population residing
in the United States grew from 2.2 million in 1988, just
after the close of the IRCA legalization program, to 3.4
million in October 1992, an average annual growth of
about 300,000. The estimates indicate that the total
resident illegal immigrant population in the United States
reached a peak of nearly 5 million at the beginning of the
IRCA legalization program. In 1987-88, approximately 3
million persons applied for legalization under the
provisions of IRCA, reducing the remaining illegal
immigrant population to just over 2 million in the fall of
1988.
As would be expected, Mexico was the leading source
country in 1992, accounting for 1.3 million, or about 39
percent of the total. Before IRCA, more than half of the
illegal immigrants residing in the United States were
from Mexico. The number and percentage of the
population from Mexico were reduced substantially by
the IRCA legalization program; in 1992, the illegal
immigrant population from Mexico was estimated to be
about half as large as it was prior to the legalization
program. The top 20 countries of origin are shown in
Table N.
179
California was the leading state of residence of the illegal primarily because the population from Mexico dropped
immigrant population in 1992, with 1.4 million, or 43 sharply as a result of IRCA legalizations, especially the
percent of the total. In California and Texas, the numbers Seasonal Agricultural Worker (SAW) program. The 20
as well as the national share of the illegal immigrant states with the largest estimated numbers of illegal
population were considerably smaller in 1992 than they immigrants in 1992 are shown in Table N. A total of 29
were when IRCA was enacted. The reductions occurred states had fewer than 10,000 illegal immigrants.
180
Appendixes
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1994
Glossary
Data Sources
Table Genealogy
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
The following compilation of federal immigration and naturalization statutes in the United States provides
an overview of the legislative history of immigration to the United States. It is not exhaustive either for the
number of bills enacted or for the specific points of law within each bill. This review of the federal legislative
process fosters a general understanding of the major issues as they developed in the area of immigration and
naturalization in the United States. The dates of enactment and Statutes-at-Large reference numbers are
presented in chronological order; they provide a basis for further inquiry for more detailed information.
Act
Major Features
Act of March 26, 1790
(/ Statutes-at-Large 103)
The first federal activity in an area previously under the control of the individual
states, this act established a uniform rule for naturalization by setting the residence
requirement at two years.
Act of January 29, 1795
(7 Statutes-at-Large 414)
Repealed the 1790 act, raised the residence requirement to five years and required a
declaration of intention to seek citizenship at least three years before naturalization.
Naturalization Act of June 18, 1798
(/ Statutes-at-Large 566)
Provisions:
a. Clerks of court must furnish information about each record of naturalization
to the Secretary of State.
b. Registry of each alien residing in the United States at that time, as well as
those arriving thereafter
c. Raised the residence requirement for naturalization to fourteen years.
Aliens Act of June 25, 1798
(1 Statutes-at-Large 570)
Represented the first Federal law pertinent to immigration rather than
naturalization. Provisions:
a. Authorized the President to arrest and/or deport any alien whom he deemed
dangerous to the United States.
b. Required the captain of any vessel to report the arrival of aliens on board
such vessel to the Collector, or other chief officer, of the Customs of the Port.
This law expired two years after its enactment.
Alien Enemy Act of July 6, 1798
(7 Statutes-at-Large 577)
Provided that in the case of declared war or invasion the President shall have the
power to restrain or remove alien enemy males of fourteen years and upwards, but
with due protection of their property rights as stipulated by treaty.
Naturalization Act of April 14, 1802
(2 Statutes-at-Large 153)
Provisions:
a. Reduced the residence period for naturalization from fourteen to five years.
b. Established basic requirements for naturalization, including good moral
character, allegiance to the Constitution, a formal declaration of intention, and
witnesses.
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
7. Steerage Act of March 2, 1819
(J Slatutes-at-Large 488)
First significant Federal law relating to immigration. Provisions;
a. Established the continuing reporting of immigration to the United States by
requiring that passenger lists or manifests of all arriving vessels be delivered to the
local Collector of Customs, copies transmitted to the Secretary of State, and the
information reported to Congress.
b. Set specific sustenance rules for passengers of ships leaving U.S. ports for Europe.
c. Somewhat restricted the number of passengers on all vessels either coming to
or leaving the United States.
Act of May 26, 1824
{4 Statutes-at-Large 36)
Facilitated the naturalization of certain aliens who had entered the United States as
minors, by setting a two-year instead of a three-year interval between declaration of
intention and admission to citizenship.
Act of February 22, 1847
(9 Statutes-at-Large 127)
"Passenger Acts," provided specific regulations to safeguard passengers on
merchant vessels. Subsequently amended by the Act of March 2, 1847 expanding
the allowance of passenger space.
10. Passenger Act of March 3, 1855
(10 Statutes-at-Large 715)
Provisions:
a. Repealed the Passenger Acts (see the 1847 act) and combined their provisions
in a codified form.
b. Reaffirmed the duty of the captain of any vessel to report the arrival of alien
passengers.
c. Established separate reporting to the Secretary of State distinguishing
permanent and temporary immigration.
1 1 . Act of February 19, 1862
(12 Statutes-at-Large 340)
1 2. Act of July 4, 1864
(13 Statutes-at-Large 385)
Prohibited the transportation of Chinese "coolies" on American vessels.
First Congressional attempt to centralize control of immigration. Provisions:
a. A Commissioner of Immigration was appointed by the President to serve
under the authority of the Secretary of State.
b. Authorized immigrant labor contracts whereby would-be immigrants would
pledge their wages to pay for transportation.
On March 30, 1868, the Act of July 4, 1864 was repealed.
13. Naturalization Act of July 14, 1870
(16 Statutes-at-Large 254)
Provisions:
a. Established a system of controls on the naturalization process and penalties
for fraudulent practices.
b. Extended the naturalization laws to aliens of African nativity and to persons
of African descent.
14. Act of March 3, 1875
(18 Statutes-at-Large 477)
Established the policy of direct federal regulation of immigration by prohibiting for
the first time entry to undesirable immigrants.
Provisions:
a. Excluded criminals and prostitutes from admission.
b. Prohibited the bringing of any Oriental persons without their free and
voluntary consent; declared the contracting to supply "coolie" labor a felony.
c. Entrusted the inspection of immigrants to collectors of the ports.
A. 1-2
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
15. Chinese Exclusion Act of May 6, 1882
{22 Statutes-at-Large 58)
Provisions:
a. Suspended immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States for ten years.
b. Permitted Chinese laborers already in the United States to remain in the
country after a temporary absence.
c. Provided for deportation of Chinese illegally in the United States.
d. Barred Chinese from naturalization.
e. Permitted the entry of Chinese students, teachers, merchants, or those
"proceeding to the United States ... from curiosity."
On December 17, 1943, the Chinese exclusion laws were repealed.
16. Immigration Act of August 3, 1882
{22 Statules-at-Large 214)
First general immigration law, established a system of central control of
immigration through State Boards under the Secretary of the Treasury. Provisions:
a. Broadened restrictions on immigration by adding to the classes of
inadmissible aliens, including persons likely to become a public charge.
b. Introduced a tax of 50 cents on each passenger brought to the United States.
17. Act OF February 26, 1885
(23 Statutes-at-Large 332)
The first "Contract Labor Law," made it unlawful to import aliens into the United
States under contract for the performance of labor or services of any kind.
Exceptions were for aliens temporarily in the United States engaging other
foreigners as secretaries, servants, or domestics; actors, artists, lecturers, and
domestic servants; and skilled aliens working in an industry not yet established in
the United States.
18. Act OF February 23, 1887
{24 Statutes-at-Large 414)
Amended the Contract Labor Law to render it enforceable by charging the Secretary
of the Treasury with enforcement of the act and providing that prohibited persons be
sent back on arrival.
19. Act OF March 3, 1887
{24 Statutes-at-Large 476)
Restricted the ownership of real estate in the United States to American citizens and
those who have lawfully declared their intentions to become citizens, with certain
specific exceptions.
20. Act of October 19, 1888
{25 Statutes-at-Large 566)
First measure since the Aliens Act of 1798 to provide for expulsion of aliens — directed
the return within one year after entry of any immigrant who had landed in violation of
the contract labor laws (see acts of February 26, 1885 and February 23, 1887).
21 . Immigration Act of March 3, 1891
{26 Statutes-at-Large 1084)
The first comprehensive law for national control of immigration. Provisions:
a. Established the Bureau of Immigration under the Treasury Department to
administer all immigration laws (except the Chinese Exclusion Act).
b. Further restricted immigration by adding to the inadmissible classes persons
likely to become public charges, persons suffering from certain contagious disease,
felons, persons convicted of other crimes or misdemeanors, polygamists, aliens
assisted by others by payment of passage, and forbade the encouragement of
immigration by means of advertisement.
c. Allowed the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe rules for inspection along
the borders of Canada, British Columbia, and Mexico so as not to obstruct or
unnecessarily delay, impede, or annoy passengers in ordinary travel between these
countries and the United States.
d. Directed the deportation of any alien who entered the United States unlawfully.
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22. Act of March 3, 1893
{27 Statutes-al-Large 570)
Provisions:
a. Added to the reporting requirements regarding alien arrivals to the United
States such new information as occupation, marital status, ability to read or write,
amount of money in possession, and facts regarding physical and mental health.
This information was needed to determine admissibility according to the expanding
list of grounds for exclusion.
b. Established boards of special inquiry to decide the admissibility of alien
arrivals.
23. Act of April 29, 1902
(32 Statutes-al-Large 176)
Extended the existing Chinese exclusion acts until such time as a new treaty with
China was negotiated, and extended the application of the exclusion acts to insular
territories of the United States, including the requirement of a certificate of
residence, except in Hawaii.
24. Act of February 14, 1903
{32 Statutes-at-Large 825)
Transferred the Bureau of Immigration to the newly-created Department of
Commerce and Labor, and expanded the authority of the Commissioner-General of
Immigration in the areas of rulemaking and enforcement of immigration laws.
25. Immigration Act of March 3, 1903
(32 Statutes-at-Large 1213)
An extensive codification of existing immigration law. Provisions:
a. Added to the list of inadmissible immigrants.
b. First measure to provide for the exclusion of aliens on the grounds of
proscribed opinions by excluding "anarchists, or persons who believe in, or
advocate, the overthrow by force or violence the government of the United States,
or of all government, or of all forms of law, or the assassination of public officials."
c. Extended to three years after entry the period during which an alien who was
inadmissible at the time of entry could be deported.
d. Provided for the deportation of aliens who became public charges within two
years after entry from causes existing prior to their landing.
e. Reaffirmed the contract labor law (see the 1 885 act).
26. Act of April 27, 1904
(33 Statutes-at-Large 428)
Reaffirmed and made permanent the Chinese exclusion laws,
the territories from which Chinese were to be excluded.
In addition, clarified
27. Naturalization Act of June 29, 1906
(34 Statutes-at-Large 596)
Provisions:
a. Combined the immigration and naturalization functions of the federal
government, changing the Bureau of Immigration to the Bureau of Immigration and
Naturalization.
b. Established fundamental procedural safeguards regarding naturalization, such
as fixed fees and uniform naturalization forms.
c. Made knowledge of the English language a requirement for naturalization.
28. Immigration Act of February 20, 1907
(34 Statutes-at-Large 898)
A major codifying act that incorporated and consolidated earlier legislation:
a. Required aliens to declare intention of permanent or temporary stay in the
United States and officially classified arriving aliens as immigrants and
nonimmigrants, respectively.
b. Increased the head tax to $4.00 (established by the Act of August 3, 1882 and
raised subsequently).
c. Added to the excludable classes imbeciles, feeble-minded persons, persons
A. 1-4
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Immigration Act of February 20, 1907 — cont.
with physical or mental defects which may affect their ability to earn a living,
persons afflicted with tuberculosis, children unaccompanied by their parents,
persons who admitted the commission of a crime involving moral turpitude, and
women coming to the United States for immoral purposes.
d. Exempted from the provisions of the contract labor law professional actors,
artists, singers, ministers, professors, and domestic servants.
e. Extended from two to three years after entry authority to deport an alien who
had become a public charge from causes which existed before the alien's entry.
f. Authorized the President to refuse admission to certain persons when he was
satisfied that their immigration was detrimental to labor conditions in the United
States. This was aimed mainly at Japanese laborers.
g. Created a Joint Commission on Immigration to make an investigation of the
immigration system in the United States. The findings of this Commission were the
basis for the comprehensive Immigration Act of 1917.
h. Reaffirmed the requirement for manifesting of aliens arriving by water and
added a like requirement with regard to departing aliens.
29. White Slave Traffic Act of
June 25, 1910
(56 Statutes-at-Large 825)
The Mann Act, prohibited the importation or interstate transportation of women for
immoral purposes.
30. Act of March 4, 1913
{37 Statutes-at-Large 737)
Divided the Department of Commerce and Labor into separate departments and
transferred the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization to the Department of
Labor. It further divided the Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization into a
separate Bureau of Immigration and Bureau of Naturalization, each headed by its
own Commissioner.
3 1 . Immigration Act of February 5, 1917
(39 Statutes-at-Large 874)
Codified all previously enacted exclusion provisions. In addition:
a. Excluded illiterate aliens from entry.
b. Expanded the list of aliens excluded for mental health and other reasons.
c. Further restricted the immigration of Asian persons, creating the "barred
zone" (known as the Asia-Pacific triangle), natives of which were declared
inadmissible.
d. Considerably broadened the classes of aliens deportable from the United States
and introduced the requirement of deportation without statute of limitation in certain
more serious cases.
32. Act of May 22, 1918
{40 Statutes-at-Large 559)
"Entry and Departure Controls Act," authorized the President to control the
departure and entry in times of war or national emergency of any alien whose
presence was deemed contrary to public safety.
33. Quota Law of May 19, 1921
(42 Statutes-at-Large 5)
The first quantitative immigration law. Provisions:
a. Limited the number of aliens of any nationality entering the United States to
three percent of the foreign-bom persons of that nationality who lived in the United
States in 1910. Approximately 350,000 such aliens were permitted to enter each
year as quota immigrants, mostly from Northern and Western Europe.
b. Exempted from this limitation aliens who had resided continuously for at least
one year immediately preceding their application in one of the independent
countries of the Western Hemisphere; nonimmigrant aliens such as government
officials and their households, aliens in transit through the United States, and
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Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Quota Law of May 19, 1921 — cont.
temporary visitors for business and pleasure; and aliens whose immigration is
regulated by immigration treaty.
c. Actors, artists, lecturers, singers, nurses, ministers, professors, aliens belonging
to any recognized learned profession, and aliens employed as domestic servants
were placed on a nonquota basis.
34. Act of May 11, 1922
{42 Statutes-at-Large 540)
Extended the Act of May 19, 1921 for two years, with amendments:
a. Changed from one year to five-years the residency requirement in a Western
Hemisphere country.
b. Authorized fines of transportation companies for transporting an inadmissible
alien unless it was deemed that inadmissibility was not known to the company and
could not have been discovered with reasonable diligence.
35. Immigration Act of May 26, 1924
(43 Statutes-at-Large 153)
The first permanent limitation on immigration, established the "national origins
quota system." In conjunction with the Immigration Act of 1917, governed
American immigration policy until 1952 (see the Immigration and Nationality Act
of 1952).
Provisions:
a. Contained two quota provisions:
1 . In effect until June 30, 1927 — set the annual quota of any quota
nationality at two percent of the number of foreign-born
persons of such nationality resident in the continental United States in
1890 (total quota- 164,667).
2. From July 1 , 1 927 (later postponed to July 1 , 1 929) to December 3 1 ,
1952 — used the national origins quota system: the annual quota for
any country or nationality had the same relation to 150,000 as the
number of inhabitants in the continental United States in 1920 having
that national origin had to the total number of inhabitants in the
continental United States in 1920.
Preference quota status was established for: unmarried children under 21;
parents; spouses of U.S. citizens aged 21 and over; and for quota immigrants aged
21 and over who are skilled in agriculture, together with their wives and dependent
children under age 16.
b. Nonquota status was accorded to: wives and unmarried children under 18 of U.S.
citizens; natives of Western Hemisphere countries, with their families; nonimmigrants;
and certain others. Subsequent amendments eliminated certain elements of this law's
inherent discrimination against women but comprehensive elimination was not achieved
until 1952 (see the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952).
c. Established the "consular control system" of immigration by mandating that no
alien may be permitted entrance to the United States without an unexpired
immigration visa issued by an American consular officer abroad. Thus, the State
Department and the Immigration and Naturalization Service shared control of
immigration.
d. Introduced the provision that, as a rule, no alien ineligible to become a citizen
shall be admitted to the United States as an immigrant. This was aimed primarily at
Japanese aliens.
e. Imposed fines on transportation companies who landed aliens in violation of
U.S. Immigration laws.
f. Defined the term "immigrant" and designated all other alien entries into the
United States as "nonimmigrant" (temporary visitor). Established classes of
admission for nonimmigrant entries.
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.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
36. Act of May 28, 1924
{43 Statutes-at-Large 240)
37. Act of March 31, 1928
(45 Statutes-at-Large 400)
An appropriations law, provided for the establishment of the U.S. Border Patrol.
Provided more time to work out computation of the quotas established by the
Immigration Act of 1924 by postponing introduction of the quotas until July 1,
1929.
38. Act of April 2, 1928
{45 Statutes-at-Large 401)
Provided that the Immigration Act of 1924 was not to be construed to limit the right
of American Indians to cross the border, but with the proviso that the right does not
extend to members of Indian tribes by adoption.
39. Registry Act of March 2, 1929
{45 Statutes-at-Large 1512)
Amended existing immigration law authorizing the establishment of a record of
lawful admission for certain aliens not ineligible for citizenship when no record of
admission for permanent residence could be found and the alien could prove
entrance to the United States before July 1, 1924 (subsequently amended to June 3,
1921 by the Act of August 7, 1939—53 Statutes-at-Large 1243). Later incorporated
into the Alien Registration Act of 1940.
40. Act of March 4, 1929
{45 Statutes-at-Large 1551)
Provisions:
a. Added two deportable classes, consisting of aliens convicted of carrying any
weapon or bomb and sentenced to any term of six months or more, and aliens
convicted of violation of the prohibition law for which a sentence of one year or
more is received.
b. Made reentry of a previously deported alien a felony punishable by fine or
imprisonment or both.
c. Made entry by an alien at other than at a designated place or by fraud to be a
misdemeanor punishable by fine or imprisonment or both.
d. Deferred the deportation of an alien sentenced to imprisonment until the
termination of the imprisonment.
41 . Act of February 18, 1931
{46 Statutes-at-Large 1171)
Provided for the deportation of any alien convicted of violation of U.S. laws
concerning the importation, exportation, manufacture, or sale of heroin, opium, or
coca leaves.
42. Act of March 17, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 67)
Provisions:
a. The contract labor laws were applicable to alien instrumental musicians
whether coming for permanent residence or temporarily.
b. Such aliens shall not be considered artists or professional actors under
the terms of the Immigration Act of 1917, and thereby exempt from the
contract labor laws, unless they are recognized to be of distinguished ability
and are coming to fulfill professional engagements corresponding to such
ability.
c. If the alien qualifies for exemption under the above proviso, the Secretary of
Labor later may prescribe such conditions, including bonding, as will insure the
alien's departure at the end of his engagement.
43. Act of May 2, 1932
{47 Statutes-at-Large 145)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, doubling the allocation for enforcement of
the contract labor laws.
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.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
44. Act of July 1, 1932
(47 Statutes-at-Large 524)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1924, providing that the specified classes of
nonimmigrant aliens be admitted for a prescribed period of time and under such
conditions, including bonding where deemed necessary, as would ensure departure
at the expiration of the prescribed time or upon failure to maintain the status under
which admitted.
45. Act of July 11, 1932
(47 Statutes-at-Large 656)
Provided exemption from quota limits (i.e., give nonquota status) the husbands of
American citizens, provided that the marriage occurred prior to issuance of the visa
and prior to July 1, 1932. Wives of citizens were accorded nonquota status
regardless of the time of marriage.
46. Act of June 15, 1935
(49 Statutes-at-Large 376)
Designated as a protection for American seamen, repealed the laws giving privileges of
citizenship regarding service on and protection by American vessels to aliens having
their first papers (i.e., having made declaration of intent to become American citizens).
47. Act of May 14, 1937
(50 Statutes-at-Large 164)
Made deportable any alien who at any time after entering the United States:
a. was found to have secured a visa through fraud by contracting a marriage
which subsequent to entry into the United States had been judicially annulled
retroactively to the date of the marriage; or
b. failed or refused to fulfill his promises for a marital agreement made to
procure his entry as an immigrant.
48. Act OF June 14, 1940
(54 Statutes-at-Large 230)
Presidential Reorganization Plan, transferred the Immigration and Naturalization
Service from the Department of Labor to the Department of Justice as a national
security measure.
49. Alien Registration Act of
June 28, 1940
(54 Statutes-at-Large 670)
Provisions:
a. Required registration of all ahens and fingerprinting those over 14 years of age.
b. Established additional deportable classes, including aliens convicted of
smuggling, or assisting in the illegal entry of, other aliens.
c. Amended the Act of October 16, 1919, making past membership — in addition
to present membership — in proscribed organizations and subversive classes of
aliens grounds for exclusion and deportation.
d. Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, authorizing, in certain meritorious
cases, voluntary departure in lieu of deportation, and suspension of deportation.
50. Act of July 1, 1940
(54 Statutes-at-Large 711)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1924, requiring aliens admitted as officials of
foreign governments to maintain their status or depart.
51. Nationality Act of October 14, 1940
(Effective January 13, 1941 as
54 Statutes-at-Large 1137)
Codified and revised the naturalization, citizenship, and expatriation laws to
strengthen the national defense. The naturalization and nationality regulations were
rewritten and the forms used in naturalization proceedings were revised.
52. Public Safety Act of June 20, 1941
{55 Statutes-at-Large 252)
Directed a consular officer to refuse a visa to any alien seeking to enter the United
States for the purpose of engaging in activities which would endanger the safety of
the United States.
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Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
53. Act OF June 21, 1941
(55 Statutes-at-Large 252)
Extended the Act of May 22, 1918 — gave the President power, during a time of
national emergency or war, to prevent departure from or entry into the United States.
54. Act of December 8, 1942
(56 Statutes-at-Large 1044)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, altering the reporting procedure in
suspension of deportation cases to require the Attorney General to report such
suspensions to Congress on the first and fifteenth of each month that Congress is in
session.
55. Act of April 29, 1943
{57 Statutes-at-Large 70)
Provided for the importation of temporary agricultural laborers to the United States
from North, South, and Central America to aid agriculture during World War II.
This program was later extended through 1947, then served as the legal basis of the
Mexican "Bracero Program," which lasted through 1964.
56. Act of December 17, 1943
{57 Statutes-at-Large 600)
Amended the Alien Registration Act of 1940, adding to the classes eligible for
naturalization Chinese persons or persons of Chinese descent. A quota of 105 per
year was established (effectively repealing the Chinese Exclusion laws — see the Act
of May 6, 1882).
57. Act of February 14, 1944
(58 Statutes-at-Large U)
Provided for the importation of temporary workers from countries in the Western
Hemisphere pursuant to agreements with such countries for employment in
industries and services essential to the war efforts. Agreements were
subsequently made with British Honduras, Jamaica, Barbados, and the British
West Indies.
58. War Brides Act of
December 28, 1945
{59 Statutes-at-Large 659)
Waived visa requirements and provisions of immigration law excluding physical
and mental defectives when they concerned members of the American armed forces
who, during World War II, had married nationals of foreign countries.
59. G.I. Fiancees Act of June 29, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-lMrge 339)
Facilitated the admission to the United States of fiance(e)s of members of the
American armed forces.
60. Act of July 2, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-Large 416)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, granting the privilege of admission to the
United States as quota immigrants and eligibility for naturalization races indigenous
to India and persons of Filipino descent.
61 . Act of August 9, 1946
{60 Statutes-at-Large 975)
62. Act of June 28, 1947
{61 Statutes-at-Large 190)
Gave nonquota status to Chinese wives of American citizens.
Extended by six months the Attomey General's authority to admit alien fiance(e)s
of veterans as temporary visitors pending marriage.
63. Act of May 25, 1948
{62 Statutes-at-Large 268)
Amended the Act of October 16, 1918, providing for the expulsion and
exclusion of anarchists and similar classes, and gave the Attorney General
similar powers to exclude as the Secretary of State had through the refusal of
immigration visas.
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64. Displaced Persons Act
OF June 25, 1948
{62 Statutes-at-Large 1009)
First expression of U.S. policy for admitting persons fleeing persecution. Permitted
the admission of up to 205,000 displaced persons during the two-year period
beginning July 1, 1948 (chargeable against future year's quotas). Aimed at reducing
the problem created by the presence in Germany, Austria, and Italy of more than one
million displaced persons.
65. Act OF July 1, 1948
(62 Statutes-at-Large 1206)
Amended the Immigration Act of 1917. Provisions:
a. Made available suspension of deportation to aliens even though they were
ineligible for naturalization by reason of race.
b. Set condition for suspension of deportation that an alien shall have proved
good moral character for the preceding five years, and that the Attorney General
finds that deportation would result in serious economic detriment to a citizen or
legal resident and closely related alien, or the alien has resided continuously in the
United States for seven years or more.
66. Central Intelligence Agency Act
OF June 20, 1949
(63 Statutes-at-Large 208)
Authorized the admission of a limited number of aliens in the interest of national
security. Provided that whenever the Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Attorney General, and the Commissioner of Immigration determine
that the entry of a particular alien into the United States for permanent residence
is in the national security or essential to the furtherance of the national
intelligence mission, such jdien and his immediate family may be given entry
into the United States for permanent residence without regard to their
admissibility under any laws and regulations or to their failure to comply with
such laws and regulations pertaining to admissibility. The number was not to
exceed 1 00 persons per year.
67. Agricultural Act of October 31, 1949
(63 Statutes-at-Large 1051)
Facilitated the entry of seasonal farm workers to meet labor shortages in the United
States. Further extension of the Mexican Bracero Program.
68. Act of June 16, 1950
(64 Statutes-at-Large 219)
Amended the Displaced Persons Act of 1948. Provisions:
a. Extended the act to June 30, 1951 and its application to war orphans and
German expellees and refugees to July 1, 1952.
b. Increased the total of persons who could be admitted under the act to 415,744.
69. Act of June 30, 1950
(64 Statutes-at-Large 306)
Provided relief to the sheepherding industry by authorizing that, during a one-year
period, 250 special quota immigration visas be issued to skilled sheepherders
chargeable to oversubscribed quotas.
70. Act of August 19, 1950
(64 Statutes-at-Large 464)
Made spouses and minor children of members of the American armed forces,
regardless of the alien's race, eligible for immigration and nonquota status if
marriage occurred before March 19, 1952.
7 1 . Internal Security Act
of September 22, 1950
(64 Statutes-at-Large 987)
Amended various immigration laws with a view toward strengthening security
screening in cases of aliens in the United States or applying for entry.
Provisions:
a. Present and former membership in the Communist party or any other
totalitarian party or its affiliates was specifically made a ground for inadmissibility.
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.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Internal Security Act of
September 22, 1950 — cont.
b. Aliens in the United States who, at the time of their entry or by reason of
subsequent actions, would have been inadmissible under the provisions of the
Internal Security Act, were made deportable regardless of the length of their
residence in the United States.
c. The discretion of the Attorney General in admitting otherwise inadmissible
aliens temporarily, and in some instances permanently, was curtailed or eliminated.
d. The Attorney General was given authority to exclude and deport without a
hearing an alien whose admission would be prejudicial to the public interest if the
Attorney General's finding was based on confidential information the disclosure of
which would have been prejudicial to the public interest of the United States.
e. The Attorney General was given authority to supervise deportable aliens
pending their deportation and also was given greater latitude in selecting the country
of deportation. However, deportation of an alien was prohibited to any country in
which the alien would be subject to physical persecution.
f Any alien deportable as a subversive criminal, or member of the immoral
classes who willfully failed to depart from the United States within six months after
the issuance of the deportation order was made liable to criminal prosecution and
could be imprisoned for up to ten years.
g. Every alien residing in the United States subject to alien registration was
required to notify the Commissioner of Immigration and Naturalization of his
address within ten days of each January 1st in which he resided in the United States.
72. Act of March 28, 1951
(65 Statutes-at-Large 28)
Provisions:
a. Gave the Attorney General authority to amend the record of certain aliens who
were admitted only temporarily because of affiliations other than Communist.
b. Interpreted the Act of October 16, 1918 regarding exclusion and expulsion of
aliens to include only voluntary membership or affiliation with a Communist
organization and to exclude cases where the person in question was under sixteen
years of age, or where it was for the purpose of obtaining employment, food rations,
or other necessities.
73. Act of July 12, 1951
(65 Statutes-at-Large 119)
Amended the Agricultural Act of 1949, serving as the basic framework under which
the Mexican Bracero Program operated until 1962. Provided that:
a. The U.S. government establish and operate reception centers at or near the
Mexican border; provide transportation, subsistence, and medical care from the
Mexican recruiting centers to the U.S. reception centers; and guarantee performance
by employers in matters relating to transportation and wages, including all forms of
remuneration.
b. U.S. employers pay the prevailing wages in the area; guarantee the workers
employment for three-fourths of the contract period; and provide workers with free
housing and adequate meals at a reasonable cost.
74. Act of March 20, 1952
{66 Statutes-at-Large 26)
Provisions:
a. Amended the Immigration Act of 1917, making it a felony to bring in or
willfully induce an alien unlawfully to enter or reside in the United States.
However, the usual and normal practices incident to employment were not deemed
to constitute harboring.
b. Defined further the powers of the Border Patrol, giving officers of the
Immigration and Naturalization Service authority to have access to private lands, but
not dwellings, within 25 miles of an external boundary for the purpose of patrolling
the border to prevent the illegal entry of aliens.
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75. Act of April 9, 1952
(66 Statutes-at-Large 50)
76. Immigration and Nationality Act
OF June 27, 1952 (INA)
(66 Statutes-at-Large 163)
Added the issuance of 500 immigration visas to sheepherders.
Brought into one comprehensive statute the multiple laws which, before its
enactment, governed immigration and naturalization in the United States. In
general, perpetuated the immigration policies from earlier statutes with the
following significant modifications:
a. Made all races eligible for naturalization, thus eliminating race as a bar to
immigration.
b. Eliminated discrimination between sexes with respect to immigration.
c. Revised the national origins quota system of the Immigration Act of 1924 by
changing the national origins quota formula; set the annual quota for an area at
one-sixth of one percent of the number of inhabitants in the continental United
States in 1920 whose ancestry or national origin was attributable to that area. All
countries were allowed a minimum quota of 100, with a ceiling of 2,000 on most
natives of countries in the Asia-Pacific triangle, which broadly encompassed the
Asian countries.
d. Introduced a system of selected immigration by giving a quota preference to
skilled aliens whose services are urgently needed in the United States and to
relatives of U.S. citizens and aliens.
e. Placed a limit on the use of the governing country's quota by natives of
colonies and dependent areas.
f. Provided an "escape clause" permitting the immigration of certain former
voluntary members of proscribed organizations.
g. Broadened the grounds for exclusion and deportation of aliens.
h. Provided procedures for the adjustment of status of nonimmigrant aliens to that
of permanent resident aliens.
i. Modified and added significantly to the existing classes of nonimmigrant
admission.
j. Afforded greater procedural safeguards to aliens subject to deportation.
k. Introduced the alien address report system whereby all aliens in the United
States (including most temporary visitors) were required annually to report their
current address to the INS.
I. Established a central index of all aliens in the United States for use by security
and enforcement agencies.
m. Repealed the ban on contract labor (see Act of March 30, 1 868) but added
other qualitative exclusions.
77. Refugee Relief Act of August 7, 1953
(67 Statutes-at-Large 400)
Authorized the issuance of special nonquota visas allowing 214,000 aliens to
become permanent residents of the United States, in addition to those whose
admission was authorized by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952.
78. Act of September 3, 1954
(68 Statutes-at-Large 1145)
Provisions:
a. Made special nonquota immigrant visas available to certain skilled
sheepherders for a period of up to one year.
b. Exempted from inadmissibility to the United States aliens who had committed
no more than one petty offense.
79. Act of September 3, 1954
(68 Statutes-at-Large 1146)
Provided for the expatriation of persons convicted of engaging in a conspiracy to
overthrow or levy war against the U.S. government.
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80. Act of July 24, 1957
{71 Slalules-at-Large 311)
81 . Act of August 30, 1957
(71 Statutes-at-Large 518)
Permitted enlistment of aliens into the regular Army.
Exempted aliens who were survivors of certain deceased members of the U.S. armed
forces from provisions of the Social Security Act which prohibited the payment of
benefits to aliens outside the United States.
82. Refugee-Escapee Act
OF September 11, 1957
(71 Slatutes-at-Large 639)
Provisions:
a. Addressed the problem of quota oversubscription by removing the
"mortgaging" of immigrant quotas imposed under the Displaced Persons Act of
1948 and other subsequent acts.
b. Provided for the granting of nonquota status to aliens qualifying under the
first three preference groups on whose behalf petitions had been filed by a
specified date.
c. Facilitated the admission into the United States of stepchildren, illegitimate
children, and adopted children.
d. Conferred first preference status on spouse and children of first preference
immigrants if following to join the immigrant.
e. Set an age limit of fourteen for the adoption of orphans to qualify for nonquota
status and further defined which orphans were eligible under the act.
f Gave the Attorney General authority to admit certain aliens formerly
excludable from the United States.
83. Act OF July 25, 1958
(72 Statutes-at-Large 419)
Granted admission for permanent residence to Hungarian parolees of at least two
years' residence in the United States, on condition that the alien was admissible at
time of entry and still admissible.
84. Act of August 21, 1958
(72 Statutes-at-Large 699)
Authorized the Attorney General to adjust nonimmigrant aliens from temporary to
permanent resident status subject to visa availability.
85. Act of September 22, 1959
(73 Statutes-at-Large 644)
Facilitated the entry of fiance(e)s and relatives of alien residents and citizens of the
United States by reclassifying certain categories of relatives into preference portions
of the immigration quotas. This was designed to assist in reuniting families both on
a permanent basis, through the amendments to the Immigration and Nationality Act
of 1952, and through temporary programs.
86. Act of July 14, 1960
(74 Statutes-at-Large 504)
"Fair Share Refugee Act."
Provisions:
a. Authorized the Attorney General to parole up to 500 alien refugee-escapees
and make them eligible for permanent residence.
b. Amended the Act of September 2, 1958 to extend it to June 30, 1962.
c. Amended the Act of September 11, 1957, which provided special nonquota
immigrant visas for adopted or to-be-adopted orphans under 14 years of age,
extending it to June 30, 1961.
d. Amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, adding possession of
marijuana to the sections concerning excludable and deportable offenses.
e. Made alien seamen ineligible for adjustment from temporary to permanent
resident status.
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87. Act of August 17, 1961
(75 Slatutes-at-Large 364)
Provided that, in peacetime, no volunteer is to be accepted into the Army or Air
Force unless the person is a citizen or an alien admitted for permanent residence.
88. Act of September 26, 1961
(75 Slatutes-at-Large 650)
Liberalized the quota provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952:
a. Eliminated the ceiling of 2,000 on the aggregate quota of the Asia-Pacific triangle.
b. Provided that whenever one or more quota areas have a change of boundaries
which might lessen their aggregate quota, they were to maintain the quotas they had
before the change took place.
c. Codified and made permanent the law for admission of adopted children.
d. Established a single statutory form of judicial review of orders of deportation.
e. Insured a minimum quota of 100 for newly independent nations.
f. Called for the omission of information on race and ethnic origin from the visa
application.
g. Strengthened the law against the fraudulent gaining of nonquota status by
marriage.
h. Authorized the Public Health Service to determine which diseases are
dangerous and contagious in constituting grounds for exclusion.
89. Act of October 24, 1962
(76 Statutes-at-Large 1247)
Provisions:
a. Granted nonquota immigrant visas for certain aliens eligible for fourth
preference (i.e., brothers, sisters, and children of citizens) and for first preference
(i.e., aliens with special occupational skills).
b. Called for a semimonthly report to Congress from the Attorney General of first
preference petitions approved.
c. Created a record of lawful entry and provided for suspension of deportation for
aliens who have been physically present in the United States for at least seven years
in some cases and ten years in others.
90. Act of December 13, 1963
(77 Statutes-at-Large 363)
91. Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of October 3, 1965
(79 Statutes-at-Large 911)
Extended the Mexican Bracero Program one additional year to December 31, 1964.
Provisions:
a. Abolished the national origins quota system (see the Immigration Act of 1924
and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952), eliminating national origin, race,
or ancestry as a basis for immigration to the United States.
b. Established allocation of immigrant visas on a first come, first served basis,
subject to a seven-category preference system for relatives of U.S. citizens and
permanent resident aliens (for the reunification of families) and for persons with
special occupational skills, abilities, or training (needed in the United States).
c. Established two categories of immigrants not subject to numerical restrictions:
1 . Immediate relatives (spouses, children, parents) of U.S. citizens, and
2. Special immigrants: certain ministers of religion; certain former
employees of the U.S. government abroad; certain persons who lost
citizenship (e.g., by marriage or by service in foreign armed forces); and
certain foreign medical graduates.
d. Maintained the principle of numerical restriction, expanding limits to world
coverage by limiting Eastern Hemisphere immigration to 170,000 and placing a
ceiling on Western Hemisphere immigration (120,000) for the first time. However,
neither the preference categories nor the 20,000 per-country limit were applied to
the Western Hemisphere.
-14
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of October 3, 1965 — cont.
e. Introduced a prerequisite for the issuance of a visa of an affirmative finding by
the Secretary of Labor that an alien seeking to enter as a worker will not replace a
worker in the United States nor adversely affect the wages and working conditions
of similarly employed individuals in the United States.
92. Freedom of Information Act
OF July 4, 1966
(80 Statutes-at-Large 250)
Provisions;
a. Established that the record of every proceeding before the INS in an
individual's case be made available to the alien or his attorney of record.
b. Required that public reading rooms be established in each Central and District
office of the INS, where copies of INS decisions could be made available to the
public.
Effective July 4, 1967.
93. Act of November 2, 1966
(80 Statutes-at-Large 1161)
Authorized the Attorney General to adjust the status of Cuban refugees to that of
permanent resident alien, chargeable to the 120,000 annual limit for the Western
Hemisphere.
94. Act of November 6, 1966
(80 Statutes-at-Large 1322)
Provisions:
a. Extended derivative citizenship to children bom on or after December 24, 1952
of civilian U.S. citizens serving abroad.
b. Provided that time spent abroad by U.S. citizens (or their dependent children)
in the employ of the U.S. Government or certain international organizations could be
treated as physical presence in the United States for the purpose of transmitting U.S.
citizenship to children bom abroad.
95. Act of December 18, 1967
(81 Statutes-at-Large 661)
Facilitated the expeditious naturalization of certain noncitizen employees of U.S.
nonprofit organizations.
96. Act of June 19, 1968
(82 Statutes-at-Large 197)
Omnibus crimes control and safe streets legislation, declared it illegal for aliens who
are illegally in the country and for former citizens who have renounced their
citizenship to receive, possess, or transport a firearm.
97. Act of October 24, 1968
(82 Statutes-at-Large 1343)
Amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, providing for expeditious
naturalization of noncitizens who have rendered honorable services in the U.S.
armed forces during the Vietnam conflict, or in other periods of military
hostilities.
98. Act of April 7, 1970
(84 Statutes-at-Large 116)
Provisions:
a. Created two new classes of nonimmigrant admission — fiance(e)s of U.S.
citizens and intracompany transferees.
b. Modified the H 1 temporary worker class of nonimmigrant admission (workers of
distinguished merit and ability).
c. Altered the provisions of the law regarding the two-year residence
requirement, making it easier for nonimmigrants who have been in the United
States as exchange visitors to adjust to a different nonimmigrant status or to
permanent resident status.
A.1-15
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
99. Act of August 10, 1971
{85 Statutes-at-Large 302)
Amended the Communications Act of 1934, providing that lawful permanent
resident aliens be permitted to operate amateur radio stations in the United States
and hold licenses for their stations.
100. Act OF September 28, 1971
(85 Statutes-at-Large 348)
Amended the Selective Service Act of 1967. Provided that:
a. Registration for the selective service shall not be applicable to any alien
admitted to the United States as a nonimmigrant as long as he continues to maintain
a lawful nonimmigrant status in the United States.
b. No alien residing in the United States for less than one year shall be inducted
for training and service into the U.S. armed forces.
101. Act OF October 27, 1972
{86 Statutes-at-Large 1289)
Reduced restrictions concerning residence requirements for retention of U.S.
citizenship acquired by birth abroad through a U.S. citizen parent and an alien parent.
102. Social Security Act Amendments
OF October 30, 1972
{86 Statutes-at-Large 1329)
Amended the Social Security Act, providing that Social Security numbers be
assigned to aliens at the time of their lawful admission to the United States for
permanent residence or temporarily to engage in lawful employment.
103. Act of October 20, 1974
{88 Statutes-at-Large 1387)
Repealed the "Coolie Trade" legislation of 1862. Such legislation, passed to protect
Chinese and Japanese aliens from exploitation caused by discriminatory treatment
from immigration laws then in effect, had become virtually inoperative because
most of the laws singling out oriental peoples had been repealed or modified.
104. Indochina Migration and Refugee
Assistance Act of May 23, 1975
{89 Statutes-at-Large 87)
105. Act OF June 21, 1976
{90 Statutes-at-Large 691)
Established a program of domestic resettlement assistance for refugees who have
fled from Cambodia and Vietnam.
Made Laotians eligible for programs established by the Indochina Migration and
Refugee Assistance Act of 1975.
106. Act of October 12, 1976
{90 Statutes-at-Large 2243)
Placed restrictions on foreign medical school graduates (both immigrants and
nonimmigrants) coming to the United States for practice or training in the medical
profession. Effective January 10, 1977.
107. Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of October 20, 1976
{90 Statutes-at-Large 2703)
1 08. Act of October 20, 1976
Effective January 1, 1978
{90 Statutes-at-Large 2706)
Provisions:
a. Applied the same 20,000 per-country limit to the Western Hemisphere as
applied to the Eastern Hemisphere.
b. Slightly modified the seven-category preference system and applied it to the
Western Hemisphere.
c. Amended the 1966 act, providing that Cuban refugees who are adjusted to permanent
resident status will not be charged to any numerical limitation, provided they were
physically present in the United States on or before the effective date of these amendments.
Denied unemployment compensation to aliens not lawfully admitted for permanent
residence or otherwise permanently residing in the United States under color of law.
A.1-16
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
109. Act of August 1, 1977
(91 Statutes-at-Large 394)
Eased restrictions on foreign medical school graduates, e.g., exempted aliens who are
of national or international renown in the field of medicine, and exempted certain
alien physicians already in the United States from the examination requirement. (See
Act of October 12, 1976.)
1 10. Act of October 28, 1977
{91 Statutes-at-Large 1223)
Provisions:
a. Permitted adjustment to permanent resident status for Indochinese refugees
who are natives or citizens of Vietnam, Laos, or Cambodia, were physically present
in the United States for at least two years, and were admitted or paroled into the
United States during specified periods of time.
b. Extended the time hmit during which refugee assistance may be provided to
such refugees.
111. Act of October 5, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 907)
Combined the separate ceilings for Eastern and Western Hemisphere immigration
into one worldwide limit of 290,000.
112. Act of October 5, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 917)
Provisions:
a. Made several changes pertaining to the adoption of alien children, including
permission for U.S. citizens to petition for the classification of more than two alien
orphans as immediate relatives.
b. Eliminated the requirement of confinuous residence in the United States for
two years prior to filing for naturalization.
113. Act of October 7, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 963)
Made permanent the President's authority to regulate the entry of aliens and to
require U.S. citizens to bear valid passports when entering or leaving the United
States:
a. Called for unrestricted use of passports to and in any country other than a
country with which the United States is at war, where armed hostilities are in
progress, or where there is imminent danger to the public health or the physical
safety of U.S. travelers.
b. Declared it the general policy of the United States to impose restrictions on travel
within the United States by citizens of another country only when the government of
that country imposes restrictions on travel of U.S. citizens within that country.
114. Act of October 14, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 1263)
Required any alien who acquires or transfers any interest in agricultural land to submit
a report to the Secretary of Agriculture within 90 days after acquisition or transfer.
115. Act of October 30, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 2065)
Provided for the exclusion and expulsion of aliens who persecuted others on the
basis of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion under the direction of the
Nazi government of Germany or its allies.
116. Act OF November 2, 1978
{92 Statutes-at-Large 2479)
Provided for the seizure and forfeiture of vessels, vehicles, and aircraft used in
smuggling aliens or knowingly transporting aliens to the United States illegally. An
exception was made where the owner or person in control did not consent to the
illegal act.
A.1-17
lPPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
1 17. Panama Canal Act of
September 27, 1979
(93 Statutes-at-Large 452)
Allowed admission as permanent residents to certain aliens with employment on or
before 1977 with the Panama Canal Company, the Canal Zone government, or the
U.S. government in the Canal Zone, and their families.
118. Refugee Act of March 17, 1980
(94 Statutes-at-Large 102)
Provided the first permanent and systematic procedure for the admission and
effective resettlement of refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United
States:
a. Eliminated refugees as a category of the preference system.
b. Set the worldwide ceiling of immigration to the United States at 270,000,
exclusive of refugees.
c. Established procedures for annual consultation with Congress on numbers and
allocations of refugees to be admitted in each fiscal year, as well as procedures for
responding to emergency refugee situations.
d. Defined the term "refugee" (to conform to the 1967 United Nations Protocol on
Refugees) and made clear the distinction between refugee and asylee status.
e. Established a comprehensive program for domestic resettlement of refugees.
f. Provided for adjustment to permanent resident status of refugees who have
been physically present in the United States for at least one year and of asylees one
year after asylum is granted.
119. Refugee Education Assistance Act
OF October 10, 1980
(94 Statutes-at-Large 1799)
Established a program of formula grants to State education agencies for basic
education of refugee children. Also provided for services to Cuban and Haitian
entrants identical to those for refugees under the Refugee Act of 1980.
120. Act of June 5, 1981
(95 Statutes-at-Large 14)
Supplemental appropriations and rescissions bill, reduced previously-appropriated
funds for migration and refugee assistance, including funds provided for reception
and processing of Cuban and Haitian entrants.
121. Act of August 13, 1981
(95 Statutes-at-Large 357)
Federal appropriations bill for fiscal year 1982, also contained items restricting the
access of aliens to various publicly-funded benefits. Immigration-related provisions:
a. Precluded the Secretary of HUD from making financial assistance available to
any alien unless that alien is a resident of the United States by virtue of admission or
adjustment as a permanent resident alien, refugee or asylee, parolee, conditional
entrant, or pursuant to withholding of deportation. Alien visitors, tourists,
diplomats, and students were specifically excluded.
b. Severely restricted eligibility of aliens to Aid to Families with Dependent
Children.
122. Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of December 20, 1981
(95 Statutes-at-Large 1611)
"INS Efficiency Bill," amended the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and
the Act of November 2, 1978:
a. Authorized INS to seize vehicles without having to establish whether the
owner was involved in the illegal activity in question.
b. Eliminated the requirement that the government bear administrative and
incidental expenses where an innocent owner is involved.
c. Eliminated the requirement that the INS satisfy any valid lien or other third
party interest in a vehicle without expense to the interest holder.
d. Eliminated the required annual notification by aliens of their current address.
A.1-18
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
123. Act of September 30, 1982
{96 Statutes-at-Large 1157)
Allowed admission as permanent residents to certain nonimmigrant aliens residing
in the Virgin Islands.
1 24. Act of October 2, 1982
{96 Statutes-at-Large 1186)
Greatly limited the categories of aliens to whom the Legal Services Corporation
may provide legal assistance.
125. Act of October 22, 1982
(96 Statutes-at-Large 17 IS)
Provided that children born of U.S. citizen fathers in Korea, Vietnam, Laos,
Kampuchea, or Thailand after 1950 and before enactment, may come to the United
States as immediate relatives or as first or fourth preference immigrants.
126. Immigration Reform and Control
Act of November 6, 1986 (IRCA)
(100 Statutes-at-Large 3359)
Comprehensive immigration legislation:
a. Authorized legalization (i.e., temporary and then permanent resident status) for
aliens who had resided in the United States in an unlawful status since January 1,
1982 (entering illegally or as temporary visitors with authorized stay expiring before
that date or with the Government's knowledge of their unlawful status before that
date) and are not excludable.
b. Created sanctions prohibiting employers from knowingly hiring, recruiting, or
referring for a fee aliens not authorized to work in the United States.
c. Increased enforcement at U.S. borders.
d. Created a new classification of seasonal agricultural worker and provisions for
the legalization of certain such workers.
e. Extended the registry date (i.e., the date from which an alien has resided
illegally and continuously in the United States and thus qualifies for adjustment to
permanent resident status) from June 30, 1948 to January 1, 1972.
f. Authorized adjustment to permanent resident status for Cubans and Haitians
who entered the United States without inspection and had continuously resided in
country since January 1, 1982.
g. Increased the numerical limitation for immigrants admitted under the
preference system for dependent areas from 600 to 5,000 beginning in fiscal year
1988.
h. Created a new special immigrant category for certain retired employees of
international organizations and their families and a new nonimmigrant status for
parents and children of such immigrants.
i. Created a nonimmigrant Visa Waiver Pilot program allowing certain aliens to
visit the United States without applying for a nonimmigrant visa.
j. Allocated 5,000 nonpreference visas in each of fiscal years 1987 and 1988 for
aliens bom in countries from which immigration was adversely affected by the 1965
act.
1 27. Immigration Marriage Fraud
Amendments of November 10, 1986
(100 Statutes-at-Large 3537)
Provisions;
a. Stipulated that aliens deriving their immigrant status based on a marriage of
less than two years are conditional immigrants. To remove conditional status, the
alien must apply within 90 days after their second-year anniversary of receiving
conditional status.
b. Required alien fiance(e)s of U.S. citizens to have met their citizen petitioner in
person within two years of the date the petifion was filed.
A.1-19
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
128. Amerasi AN Homecoming Act
OF December 22, 1987
(101 Statutes-at-Large 1329)
An appropriations law providing for admission of children bom in Vietnam between
specified dates to Vietnamese mothers and American fathers, together with their
immediate relatives. They are admitted as nonquota immigrants but receive refugee
program benefits.
1 29. Act of September 28, 1988
(102 Statutes-at-Large 1876)
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act:
a. Facilitated temporary entry on a reciprocal basis between the United States and
Canada.
b. Established procedures for the temporary entry into the United States of
Canadian citizen professional business persons to render services for remuneration.
c. No nonimmigrant visa, prior petition, labor certification, or prior approval
required, but appropriate documentation must be presented to the inspecting officer
establishing Canadian citizenship and professional engagement in one of the
occupations listed in the qualifying occupation schedule.
130. Act of November 15, 1988
(102 Statutes-at-Large 3908)
Provided for the extension of stay for certain nonimmigrant H- 1 nurses.
131. Foreign Operations Act
OF November 21, 1989
(103 Statutes-at-Large 1195)
An appropriations law, provided for adjustment to permanent resident status for
Soviet and Indochinese nationals who were paroled into the United States between
certain dates after denial of refugee status.
1 32. Act of December 18, 1989
(103 Statutes-at-Large 2099)
The "Immigration Nursing Relief Act of 1989." Provisions:
a. Adjustment from temporary to permanent resident status, without regard to
numerical limitation, of certain nonimmigrants who were employed in the United States
as registered nurses for at least three years and meet established certification standards.
b. Establishment of a new nonimmigrant category for the temporary admission of
qualified registered nurses.
133. Immigration Act of
November 29, 1990
(104 Statutes-at-Large 4978)
A major overhaul of immigration law:
a. Increased total immigration under an overall flexible cap of 675,000
immigrants beginning in fiscal year 1995, preceded by a 700,000 level during fiscal
years 1992 through 1994. The 675,000 level to consist of: 480,000 family-
sponsored; 140,000 employment-based; and 55,000 "diversity immigrants."
b. Revised all grounds for exclusion and deportation, significantly rewriting the
political and ideological grounds. For example, repealed the bar against the
admission of communists as nonimmigrants and limited the exclusion of aliens on
foreign policy grounds.
c. Authorized the Attorney General to grant temporary protected status to
undocumented alien nationals of designated countries subject to armed conflict or
natural disasters.
d. Revised and established new nonimmigrant admission categories:
1. Redefined the H-l(b) temporary worker category and limited number
of aliens who may be issued visas or otherwise provided nonimmigrant
status under this category to 65,000 annually.
2. Limited number of H-2(b) temporary worker category aliens who may be
issued visas or otherwise provided nonimmigrant status to 66,000 annually.
A.1-20
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Immigration Act of
November 29, 1990 — cont.
3. Created new temporary worker admission categories (O, P, Q, and R),
some with annual caps on number of aliens who may be issued visas or
otherwise provided nonimmigrant status.
e. Revised, and extended the Visa Waiver Pilot Program through fiscal year 1994.
f. Revised naturalization authority and requirements:
1. Transferred the exclusive jurisdiction to naturalize aliens from the
Federal and State courts to the Attorney General.
2. Amended the substantive requirements for naturalization: State
residency requirements revised and reduced to 3 months; added another
ground for waiving the English language requirement; lifted the
permanent bar to naturalization for aliens who applied to be relieved from
U.S. military service on grounds of alienage who previously served in the
service of the country of the alien's nationality.
g. Revised enforcement activities. For example:
1. Broadened the definition of "aggravated felony" and imposed new
legal restrictions on aliens convicted of such crimes.
2. Revised employer sanctions provisions of the Immigration Reform
and Control Act of 1986.
3. Authorized funds to increase Border Patrol personnel by 1 ,000.
4. Revised criminal and deportation provisions.
h. Recodified the 32 grounds for exclusion into nine categories, including
revising and repealing some of the grounds (especially health grounds).
1 34. Armed Forces Immigration
Adjustment Act of October 1, 1991
(105 Statutes-at-Large 555)
Provisions:
a. Granted special immigrant status to certain types of aliens who honorably
served in the Armed Forces of the United States for at least 12 years.
b. Delayed until April 1, 1992 the implementation of provisions relating to O and
P nonimmigrant visas. (See Act of November 29, 1990.)
135. Act of December 12, 1991
(105 Statutes-at-Large 1733)
Miscellaneous and Technical Immigration and Naturalization Amendments Act,
amended certain elements of the Immigration Act of 1990. Revised provisions
regarding the entrance of O and P nonimmigrants, including the repeal of numerical
limits of visas for the P categories of admission, and made other technical
corrections. (See Act of November 29, 1990.)
1 36. Chinese Student Protection
Act of October 9, 1992
(706 Statutes-at-Large 1969)
Provided for adjustment to permanent resident status (as employment-based
immigrants) by nationals of the People's Republic of China who were in the United
States after June 4, 1989 and before April 11, 1990.
137. Soviet Scientists Immigration
Act of October 10, 1992
(106 Statutes-at-Large 3316)
Provisions:
a. Conferred permanent resident status (as employment-based immigrants) on a
maximum of 750 scientists from the independent states of the former Soviet Union
and the Baltic states. The limit does not include spouses and children.
b. Stipulated that employment must be in the biological, chemical, or nuclear
technical field or work in conjunction with a high technology defense project.
c. Waived the requirement that workers with expertise in these fields were
needed by an employer in the United States.
A.1-21
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
1 38. Act of December 8, 1993
{107 Statutes-at-Large 2057)
North American Free-Trade Agreement Implementation Act (supersedes the United
States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement Act of September 28, 1988):
a. Facilitated temporary entry on a reciprocal basis between the United States and
Canada and Mexico.
b. Established procedures for the temporary entry into the United States of
Canadian and Mexican citizen professional business persons to render services for
remuneration:
1. For Canadians, no nonimmigrant visa, prior petition, labor certification,
or prior approval required, but appropriate documentation must be presented to the
inspecting officer establishing Canadian citizenship and professional engagement in
one of the occupations listed in the qualifying occupation schedule;
2. For Mexicans, nonimmigrant visa, prior petition by employer, and
Department of Labor attestation are required in addition to proof of Mexican
citizenship and professional engagement in one of the occupations listed in the
qualifying occupation schedule;
3. For Canadians, nonimmigrant visas are not required of spouses and minor
children who possess Canadian citizenship;
4. For Mexicans, nonimmigrant visas are required of spouses and minor
children who possess Mexican citizenship;
5. For Canadians, no limit to number of admissions;
6. For Mexicans, a limit was set for a transition period for up to ten years at
5,500 initial petition approvals per year.
A. 1-22
.PPENDIX 1
Immigration and Naturalization Legislation
Sources:
American Council for Nationalities Service, Interpreter Releases, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (weekly).
Auerbach, Frank L., Immigration Laws of the United States, The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., Indianapolis, 1955.
Gordon, Charles and Ellen Gittel Gordon, Immigration and Nationality Law, Matthew Bender & Company, New York, 1979.
History of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, Report of the Senate Judiciary Committee for the use of the Select Commission
of Immigration and Refugee Policy, 96th Congress, 2d Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980.
Hutchison, Edward P., Legislative History of American Immigration Policy, 1798- 1965, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1981.
United States Statutes at Large, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
U.S. Immigration and Naniralization Service, Annual Reports, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service, The I &N Reporter (entitled The INS Reporter, starting with Fall 1976 edition),
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC (quarterly).
U.S. Immigration Law and Policy: I952-I986, Report of the Senate Subcommittee on Immigration and Refugee Affairs, Senate Judiciary
Committee, 100th Congress, 1st Session, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1988.
A.1-23
.PPENDIX 2
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1994
The Immigration Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-649) restructured the immigrant categories of admission and made other
modifications to the Immigration and Nationality Act (see Appendix 1, item 133 for details). This appendix describes
the immigration limits in effect in fiscal year 1994.
Preference Limits
The Immigration Act of 1990 divided the preference classes into two general categories: family-sponsored and employment-
based. Limits on the number of visas issued in these two categories are determined annually.
Family-sponsored limits — The worldwide level for family-sponsored preferences is calculated as:
465,000 (480,000 beginning in 1995)
minus the number of aliens who were issued visas or adjusted to legal permanent residence in the previous
fiscal year as
1) immediate relatives of U.S. citizens,
2) children bom subsequent to the issuance of a visa to an accompanying parent, and
3) children bom abroad to lawful permanent residents on temporary trips abroad,
plus certain unused preferences in the previous fiscal year.
The 1990 Act specifies that the family-sponsored limit may not go below a minimum of 226,000 in any year. The number of
legal permanent residents issued visas or who adjusted in fiscal year 1993 under categories 1-3 listed above was 261,224,
and none of the visas were unused in 1993. The 1994 family-sponsored limit, therefore, was set to the minimum of 226,000
(465,000 - 261,224 = 203,776). The limits for each of the family-sponsored preferences and their descriptions are shown in
Table A.
Employment-based limits — The 1990 Act specifies that the worldwide limit on employment-based preference immigrants is
equal to 140,000 plus certain unused preference visas in the previous year. The limit for fiscal year 1994 was set to 143,213
(140,000 + 3,213 unused visas in 1993 - 143,213). The employment-based preferences and their limits are described in
Table A.
Per-country limits — The per-country limit on preference immigration for independent countries is set to 7 percent of the total
family and employment limits, while dependent areas are limited to 2 percent of the total. The 1994 limit for independent
foreign states is 25,845 (7 percent of 369,213) and the limit for dependencies is 7,384 (2 percent of 369,213).
Other Limits
Spouses and children of aliens legalized under the provisions of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986
were allowed to immigrate to the United States beginning in fiscal years 1992 and ending in 1994. The number of visas
issued annually was limited to 55,000 minus the amount that immediate relative immigrants exceeded 239,000 in the
previous year. Since the number of visas issued to immediate relatives was 261,224 in fiscal year 1993, the limit for spouses
and children of legalized aliens was set to 32,776 in 1994 (55,000 - (261,224 - 239,000) = 32,776).
Aliens from countries "adversely affected" by the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 were limited to
40,000 annually in fiscal years 1992, 1993 and 1994, plus any unused visas from the year before. The 1994 limit was 46,918
(40,000 + 6,918 unused visas in 1993 - 46,918). A total of 34 countries were identified as being adversely affected by the
1965 immigration amendments as evidenced by a decrease in total immigration after the amendments went into effect. A
minimum of 40 percent of the 120,000 visas issued over the 3-year period is reserved for natives of Ireland.
The limit on the number of annual asylee adjustments is set to 10,000; however, asylees who applied for adjustment before
June 1, 1990 are exempt from the limit. This new limitation became effective in fiscal year 1991. The limit on asylee
adjustments prior to 1991 was 5,000.
A.2-2
PPENDIX 2
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1994
Table A
Immigration Limits: Fiscal Year 1994
Preference
Description
Limit
Family-sponsored preferences
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Employment-based preferences
First
Second
Third
Fourth
Fifth
Unmarried sons and daughters of U.S. citizens and their children.
Spouses, children, and unmarried sons and daughters of permanent
resident aliens.
Spouses and children receive at least 77 percent of the visas
issued. The remaining visas are issued to unmarried sons and
daughters (at least 21 years of age).
Married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens and their spouses and
children.
Brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens (at least 21 years of age) and
their spouses and children.
Priority workers and their spouses and children.
Priority workers are (1) persons of extraordinary ability,
(2) outstanding professors and researchers, and (3) certain
multinational executives and managers.
Professionals with advanced degrees or aliens of exceptional ability
and their spouses and children.
Skilled workers, professionals (without advanced degrees), needed
unskilled workers, and their spouses and children.
The number of unskilled workers is limited to 10,000.
Special immigrants and their spouses and children. The number of
certain religious workers is limited to 5,000.
Employment creation ("Investors") and their spouses and children.
226,000
23,400 '
114,200^
23,400 '
65,000 ^
143,213
40,918'
40,918 '
40,918 2
10,230
10,229
Other numerically limited
immigrants specified in the
Immigration Act of 1990
Spouses and children of aliens legalized under the Immigration
Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986.
Aliens from countries "adversely affected" by the Immigration and
Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 and their spouses and
children.
Asylees and their spouses and children.
32,776
46,918
10,000
' Plus unused family 4(h preference visas.
5th preference visas.
Visas not used in higher preferences may be used m these categories. ' Plus unused employment 4th and
A.2-3
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
Acquired Citizenship — Citizenship conferred at birth
on children bom abroad to a U.S. citizen parent(s).
Adjustment to Immigrant Status — Procedure allowing
certain aliens already in the United States to apply for
immigrant status. Aliens admitted to the United States in
a nonimmigrant or other category may have their status
changed to that of lawful permanent resident if they are
eligible to receive an immigrant visa and one is
immediately available. In such cases, the alien is counted
as an immigrant as of the date of adjustment, even though
the alien may have been in the United States for an
extended period of time.
Adversely Affected — See Nonpreference Category.
Agricultural Workers — As a nonimmigrant class of
admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States to perform agricultural labor or services, as defined
by the Secretary of Labor. This nonimmigrant category
was established as a separate class of admission by the
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
Alien — Any person not a citizen or national of the
United States.
Amerasian Act — Public Law 97-359 (Act of 10/22/82)
provides for the immigration to the United States of
certain Amerasian children. In order to qualify for
benefits under this law, an alien must have been bom in
Cambodia, Korea, Laos, Thailand, or Vietnam after
December 31, 1950 and before October 22, 1982, and
have been fathered by a U.S. citizen.
Amerasian (Vietnam) — Immigrant visas are issued to
Amerasians under Public Law 100-202 (Act of 12/22/87),
which provides for the admission of aliens born in
Vietnam between January 1, 1962 and January 1, 1976 if
the alien was fathered by a U.S. citizen. Spouses,
children, and parents or guardians may accompany the
alien.
Area Control — Enforcement operations conducted by
the Immigration and Naturalization Service's
Investigations Division to locate and apprehend aliens
illegally in the United States. Area Control focused on
aliens in places of employment where illegal aliens were
concentrated. This enforcement technique declined in
importance in the mid-1980s as the INS shifted its
emphasis to employer sanctions (see Employer
Sanctions).
Asylee — An alien in the United States or at a port of
entry unable or unwilling to return to his or her country of
nationality, or to seek the protection of that country
because of persecution or a well-founded fear of
persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof may be based
on the alien's race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion. For persons
with no nationality, the country of nationality is
considered to be the country in which the alien last
habitually resided. Asylees are eligible to adjust to lawful
permanent resident status after one year of continuous
presence in the United States. These immigrants are
limited to 10,000 adjustments per fiscal year.
Beneficiaries — Those aliens who receive immigration
benefits from petitions filed with the U.S. Immigration
and Naturalization Service. Beneficiaries generally
derive privilege or status as a result of their relationship
(including that of employer-employee) to a U.S. citizen
or lawful permanent resident.
Border Crosser — An alien or citizen resident of the
United States reentering the country after an absence of
less than six months in Canada or Mexico, or a
nonresident alien entering the United States across the
Canadian border for stays of no more that six months or
across the Mexican border for stays of no more than 72
hours, or a U.S. citizen residing in Canada or Mexico
who enters the United States frequently for business or
pleasure, or an individual entering the U.S. on any flight
originating in Canada or Mexico.
Apprehension — The arrest of a deportable alien by the
Immigration and Naturalization Service. Each
apprehension of the same alien in a fiscal year is counted
separately.
Border Patrol Sector — Any one of 21 geographic areas
into which the United States is divided for the
Immigration and Naturalization Service's Border Patrol
activities.
A.3-2
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
Business Nonimmigrant — An alien coming
temporarily to the United States to engage in commercial
transactions which do not involve gainful employment in
the United States, i.e., engaged in international commerce
on behalf of a foreign firm, not employed in the U.S.
labor market, and receives no salary from U.S. sources.
Certificate of Citizenship — Identity document proving
U.S. citizenship. Certificates of citizenship are issued to
derivative citizens and to persons who acquired U.S.
citizenship (see definitions for Acquired and Derivative
Citizenship).
Child — An unmarried person under 21 years of age who
is: a legitimate child; a stepchild provided that the child
was under 18 years of age at the time that the marriage
creating the stepchild status occurred; a legitimated child
provided that the child was legitimate while in the legal
custody of the legitimating parent; a child adopted while
under 16 years of age who has resided since adoption in
the legal custody of the adopting parents for at least 2
years; or an orphan, under 16 years of age, who has been
adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or has an immediate-
relative visa petition submitted in his/her behalf and is
coming to the United States for adoption by a U.S.
citizen.
Conditional Immigrant — See Immigration Marriage
Fraud Amendments of 1986.
Crewman Technical (or Nonwillful) Violator — Any
crewman who through no fault of his or her own remains
in the United States more than 29 days {e.g., a crewman
hospitalized beyond the 29-day admission period).
Cuban/Haitian Entrant — Status accorded 1) Cubans
who entered the United States illegally between April 15,
1980 and October 10, 1980 and 2) Haitians who entered
the country illegally before January 1, 1981. Cubans and
Haitians meeting these criteria who have continuously
resided in the United States since before January 1, 1982,
and who were known to the INS before that date, may
adjust to permanent residence under a provision of the
Immigration Control and Reform Act of 1986.
Deferred Enforced Departure — See Extended
Voluntary Departure.
Deferred Inspection — See Parolee.
Departure Under Safeguards — The departure of an
illegal alien from the United States which is physically
observed by an Immigration and Naturalization Service official.
Dependent — Spouse, unmarried dependent child under
21 years of age, unmarried dependent child under 25
years of age who is in full-time attendance at a
postsecondary educational institution, or unmarried child
who is physically or mentally disabled.
Country of Former Allegiance — The previous country
of citizenship of a naturalized U.S. citizen or of a person
who derived U.S. citizenship.
Country of Last Residence — The country in which the
alien habitually resided prior to entering the United
States.
Crewman — A foreign national serving in any capacity
on board a vessel or aircraft. Crewmen are admitted for
twenty-nine days, with no extensions. Crewmen required
to depart on the same vessel on which they arrived are
classified as D-ls. Crewmen who depart on a vessel
different than the one on which they arrived are classified
as D-2s. Although these aliens are nonimmigrants,
crewmen are not included in nonimmigrant admission data.
Deportable Alien — An alien in the United States
subject to any of the 5 grounds of deportation specified in
the Immigration and Nationality Act. This includes any
alien illegally in the United States, regardless of whether
the alien entered the country illegally or entered legally
but subsequently violated the terms of his or her visa.
Deportation — The formal removal of an alien from the
United States when the presence of that alien is deemed
inconsistent with the public welfare. Deportation is
ordered by an immigration judge without any punishment
being imposed or contemplated. Data for a fiscal year
cover the deportations verified during that fiscal year.
Airlines, ship companies, or port officials provide the
Immigration and Naturalization Service with the
departure data on aliens who are deported.
A.3-3
Appendix 3
Glossary
Derivative Citizenship — Citizenship conveyed to
children through the naturahzation of parents or, under
certain circumstances, to spouses of citizens at or during
marriage or to foreign-born children adopted by U.S.
citizen parents, provided certain conditions are met.
District — Any one of thirty-three geographic areas into
which the United States and its territories are divided for
the Immigration and Naturalization Service's field
operations or one of three overseas offices located in
Rome, Bangkok, or Mexico City. Operations are
supervised by a district director located at a district office
within the district's geographic boundaries.
Diversity Transition — A transition towards the
permanent diversity program in fiscal year 1995,
allocating 40,000 visas annually during the period 1992-
94 to nationals of certain countries identified as having
been "adversely affected" by the Immigration and
Nationality Act Amendments of 1965 (P.L. 89-236). At
least 40 percent of the visas must be allocated to natives
of Ireland.
Employer Sanctions — The employer sanctions
provision of the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986 prohibits employers from hiring,
recruiting, or referring for a fee aliens known to be
unauthorized to work in the United States. Violators
of the law are subject to a series of civil fines or
criminal penalties when there is a pattern or practice
of violations.
Exchange Visitor — An alien coming temporarily to the
United States as a participant in a program approved by
the Secretary of State for the purpose of teaching,
instructing or lecturing, studying, observing, conducting
research, consulting, demonstrating special skills, or
receiving training.
Exclusion — The formal denial of an alien's entry into
the United States. The exclusion of the alien is made by
- an immigration judge after an exclusion hearing. Data for
a fiscal year cover the exclusions verified during that
fiscal year. Airlines, ship companies, or port officials
provide the Immigration and Naturalization Service with
the departure data on aliens who are excluded.
Exempt from the Numerical Cap — Those aliens
accorded lawful permanent residence who are exempt
from the provisions of the flexible numerical cap of
700,000 (675,000 beginning in fiscal year 1995) set by
the Immigration Act of 1990. Exempt categories include
refugees, asylees, Amerasians, adjustments under the
legalization provisions of the Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986, and certain parolees from the former
Soviet Union and Indochina.
Extended Voluntary Departure (EVD) — A special
temporary provision granted administratively to
designated national groups physically present in the
United States because the U.S. State Department judged
conditions in the countries of origin to be "unstable" or
"uncertain" or to have shown a pattern of "denial of
rights." Aliens in EVD status are temporarily allowed to
remain in the United States until conditions in their home
country change. Certain aliens holding EVD status from
Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Poland, and Uganda, who have
resided in the United States since July 1, 1984, were
eligible to adjust to temporary and then to permanent
resident status under the legalization program. The term
"deferred enforced departure" (DED) has replaced EVD
in general use.
Fiance(e)s of U.S. Citizen — A nonimmigrant alien
coming to the United States to conclude a valid marriage
with a U.S. citizen within ninety days after entry.
Files Control Office — An Immigration and Naturali-
zation Service field office — either a district (including
INS overseas offices) or a suboffice of that district —
where alien case files are maintained and controlled.
Fiscal Year — Currently, the twelve-month period
beginning October 1 and ending September 30.
Historically, until 1831 and from 1843-49, the twelve-
month period ending September 30 of the respective year;
from 1832-42 and 1850-67, ending December 31 of the
respective year; from 1868-1976, ending June 30 of the
respective year. The transition quarter (TQ) for 1976
covers the three-month period, July-September 1976.
Foreign Government Official — As a nonimmigrant
class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the
A.3-4
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
United States who has been accredited by a foreign
government to function as an ambassador, public
minister, career diplomatic or consular officer, other
accredited official, or an attendant, servant or personal
employee of an accredited official, and all above
aliens' spouses and unmarried minor (or dependent)
children.
Foreign Information Media Representative — As a
nonimmigrant class of admission, an alien coming
temporarily to the United States as a bona fide
representative of foreign press, radio, film, or other
foreign information media and the alien's spouse and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Foreign Medical School Graduate — An immigrant
who has graduated from a medical school or has qualified
to practice medicine in a foreign state, who was licensed
and practicing medicine on January 9, 1978, and who
entered the United States as a nonimmigrant on a
temporary worker or exchange visitor visa before January
10, 1978.
Foreign State of Chargeability — The independent
country to which an immigrant entering under the
preference system is accredited. No more than 7 percent
of the family-sponsored and employment-based visas
may be issued to natives of an independent country in a
fiscal year. Dependencies of independent countries
cannot exceed 2 percent of the family-sponsored and
employment-based visas issued. Since these limits are
based on visa issuance rather than entries into the United
States, and immigrant visas are valid for 4 months, there
is not total correspondence between these two
occurrences. Chargeability is usually determined by
country of birth. Exceptions are made to prevent the
separation of family members when the limitation for the
country of birth has been met.
General Naturalization Provisions — The basic
requirements for naturalization that every applicant must
meet, unless a member of a special class. General
provisions require an applicant to be at least 18 years of
age, a lawful permanent resident with five years of
continuous residence in the United States, and to have
been physically present in the country for half that period.
Geographic Area of Chargeability — Any one of five
regions — Africa, East Asia, Latin America and the
Caribbean, Near East and South Asia, and the former
Soviet Union and Eastern Europe — into which the world
is divided for the initial admission of refugees to the
United States. Annual consultations between the
Executive Branch and the Congress determine the ceiling
on the number of refugees who can be admitted to the
United States from each area. In fiscal year 1987, an
unallocated reserve was incorporated into the admission
ceilings.
Hemispheric Ceilings — Statutory limits on immigration
to the United States in effect from 1968 to October 1978.
Mandated by the Immigration and Nationality Act
Amendments of 1965, the ceiling on immigration from
the Eastern Hemisphere was set at 170,000, with a per-
country limit of 20,000. Immigration from the Western
Hemisphere was held to 120,000, without a per-country
limit until January 1, 1977. The Western Hemisphere
was then made subject to a 20,000 per country limit.
Effective October 1978, the separate hemisphere limits
were abolished in favor of a worldwide limit of 290,000.
This limit was lowered to 280,000 for fiscal year 1980,
and to 270,000 for fiscal years 1981-91.
Immediate Relatives — Certain immigrants who
because of their close relationship to U.S. citizens are
exempt from the numerical limitations imposed on
immigration to the United States. Immediate relatives
are: spouses of citizens, children (under 21 years of age)
of citizens, parents of citizens 21 years of age or older,
and orphans adopted by citizens who are at least 21 years
of age.
Immigrant — An alien admitted to the United States as a
lawful permanent resident. Immigrants are those persons
lawfully accorded the privilege of residing permanently in
the United States. They may be issued immigrant visas
by the Department of State overseas or adjusted to
permanent resident status by the Immigration and
Naturalization Service in the United States.
Immigration Act of 1990 — Public Law 101-649 (Act of
November 29, 1990), which increased total immigration
to the United States under an overall flexible cap, revised
A.3-5
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
all grounds for exclusion and deportation, authorized
temporary protected status to aliens of designated
countries, revised and established new nonimmigrant
admission categories; revised and extended the Visa
Waiver Pilot Program; and revised naturalization
authority and requirements.
Immigration Marriage Fraud Amendments of 1986 —
Public Law 99-639 (Act of 11/10/86), which was passed
in order to deter immigration-related marriage fraud. Its
major provision stipulates that aliens deriving their
immigrant status based on a marriage of less than two
years are conditional immigrants. To remove their
conditional status the immigrants must apply at an
Immigration and Naturalization Service office during the
90-day period before their second-year anniversary of
receiving conditional status. If the aliens cannot show
that the marriage through which the status was obtained
was and is a valid one, their conditional immigrant status
is terminated and they become deportable.
Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986 —
Public Law 99-603 (Act of 1 1/6/86), which was passed in
order to control and deter illegal immigration to the
United States. Its major provisions stipulate legalization
of undocumented aliens, legalization of certain
agricultural workers, sanctions for employers who
knowingly hire undocumented workers, and increased
enforcement at U.S. borders.
Industrial Trainee — See Temporary Worker.
Immigration and Nationality Act — The Act, which
along with other immigration laws, treaties, and
conventions of the United States, relates to the
immigration, exclusion, deportation, or expulsion of
aliens.
International Representative — As a nonimmigrant
class of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the
United States as a principal or other accredited
. representative of a foreign government (whether officially
recognized or not recognized by the United States) to an
international organization, an international organization
officer or employee, and all above aliens' spouses and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Intracompany Transferee — An alien, employed by an
international firm or corporation, who seeks to enter the
United States temporarily in order to continue to work for
the same employer, or a subsidiary or affiliate, in a
capacity that is primarily managerial, executive, or
involves specialized knowledge.
IRCA — See Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986.
Labor Certification — Requirement falling on certain
persons whose immigration to the United States is
based on job skills or nonimmigrant temporary
workers (HI and H2 categories) coming to perform
services unavailable in the United States. Labor
certification is awarded by the Secretary of Labor when
there are insufficient numbers of U.S. workers available
to undertake the employment sought by an applicant and
when the alien's employment will not have an adverse
effect on the wages and working conditions of U.S.
workers similarly employed. Determination of labor
availability in the United States is made at the time of a
visa application and at the location where the applicant
wishes to work.
Legalization Dependents — A maximum of 55,000
visas were issued to spouses and children of aliens
legalized under the provisions of the Immigration Reform
and Control Act of 1986 in each of fiscal years 1992-94.
The number of visas issued annually may be below the
limit of 55,(X)0 (see Appendix 2).
Legalized Aliens — Certain illegal aliens who were
eligible to apply for temporary resident status under the
legalization provision of the Immigration Reform and
Control Act of 1986. To be eligible, aliens must have
continuously resided in the United States in an unlawful
status since January 1, 1982, not be excludable, and have
entered the United States either 1) illegally before
January 1, 1982 or 2) as temporary visitors before
January 1, 1982, with their authorized stay expiring
before that date or with the Government's knowledge of
their unlawful status before that date. Legalization
consists of two stages — temporary and then permanent
residency. In order to adjust to permanent status aliens
must have had continuous residence in the United States,
be admissible as an immigrant, and demonstrate at least a
A.3-6
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
minimal understanding and knowledge of the English
language and U.S. history and government.
Median Age — The age which divides the population
into two equal-sized groups, one younger and one older
than the median.
Medical and Legal Parolee — See Parolee.
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) — The general
concept of an MSA is one of a large population nucleus
together with adjacent communities which have a high
degree of social and economic integration with that
nucleus. Tabulations in the Statistical Yearbook include
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), Primary
Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs), and New
England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs). MSAs
and PSAs are defined by the Office of Management and
Budget. PMSAs are components of larger metropolitan
complexes called Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical
Areas (CMSAs), which are not displayed in the Yearbook.
National — A person owing permanent allegiance to a
state.
Nationality — The country of a person's citizenship. For
nonimmigrant data, citizenship refers to the alien's
reported country of citizenship.
NATO Official — As a nonimmigrant class of
admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States as a member of the armed forces or as a civilian
employed by the armed forces on assignment with a
foreign government signatory to NATO (North Atlantic
Treaty Organization), and the alien's spouse and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Naturalization — The conferring, by any means, of
citizenship upon a person after birth.
Naturalization Court — Any court authorized to award
U.S. citizenship. Jurisdiction for naturalization has been
conferred upon the following courts: U.S. District Courts
of all states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico;
the District Courts of Guam and the Virgin Islands; and
state courts. Generally, naturalization courts are
authorized to award citizenship only to those persons who
reside within their territorial jurisdiction.
Naturalization Petition — The form used by a lawful
permanent resident to apply for U.S. citizenship. The
petition is filed with a naturalization court through the
Immigration and Naturalization Service.
New Arrival — A lawful permanent resident alien who
enters the United States at a port of entry. The alien is
generally required to present an immigrant visa issued
outside the United States by a consular officer of the
Department of State. Three classes of immigrants,
however, need not have an immigrant visa to enter the
United States — children born abroad to lawful permanent
resident aliens, children bom subsequent to the issuance
of an immigrant visa to accompanying parents, and
American Indians born in Canada.
Nonimmigrant — An alien who seeks temporary
entry to the United States for a specific purpose. The
alien must have a permanent residence abroad (for
most classes of admission) and qualify for the
nonimmigrant classification sought. The non-
immigrant classifications are: foreign government
officials, visitors for business and for pleasure, aliens
in transit through the United States, treaty traders and
investors, students, international representatives,
temporary workers and trainees, representatives of
foreign information media, exchange visitors,
fiance(e)s of U.S. citizens, intracompany transferees,
and NATO officials. Most nonimmigrants can be
accompanied or joined by spouses and unmarried
minor (or dependent) children. Although refugees,
parolees, withdrawals, and stowaways are processed
as nonimmigrants upon arrival to the United States,
these classes, as well as crewmen, are not included in
nonimmigrant admission data. See other sections of
Glossary for detailed descriptions of classes of
nonimmigrant admission.
Nonpreference Category — Nonpreference visas were
available to qualified applicants not entitled to one under
the other preferences until the category was eliminated
by the Immigration Act of 1990. Nonpreference visas
for persons not entitled to the other preferences had not
A.3-7
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
been available since September 1978 because of high
demand in the preference categories. An additional
5,000 nonpreference visas were available in each of
fiscal years 1987 and 1988 under a provision of the
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. This
program was extended into 1989, 1990, and 1991 with
15,000 visas issued each year. Aliens born in countries
from which immigration was adversely affected by the
Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965
(Public Law 89-236) were eligible for the special
nonpreference visas.
North American Free-Trade Agreement (NAFTA) —
Public Law 103-182 (Act of 12/8/93), superseded the
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement as of 1/1/94.
Continues the special, reciprocal trading relationship
between the United States and Canada (see United States-
Canada Free-Trade Agreement), and establishes a similar
relationship with Mexico. See Appendix 1, Act of
December 8, 1993, for specific provisions.
Nursing Relief Act of 1989 — Public Law 101-238 (Act
of 12/18/89), provides for the adjustment to permanent
resident status of certain nonimmigrants who as of
September 1, 1989, had H-1 nonimmigrant status as
registered nurses; who had been employed in that capacity
for at least 3 years; and whose continued nursing
employment meets certain labor certification requirements.
It also provides for a 5-year pilot program for admission of
nonimmigrant nurses under the H-1 A category.
Occupation — For an alien entering the United States or
adjusting without a labor certification, occupation refers
to the employment held in the country of last or legal
residence or in the United States. For an alien with a
labor certification, occupation is the employment for
which certification has been issued.
Orphan — For immigration purposes, a child whose
parents have died or disappeared, or who has been
abandoned or otherwise separated from both parents. An
orphan may also be a child whose sole surviving parent is
incapable of providing that child with proper care and
who has, in writing, irrevocably released the child for
emigration and adoption. In order to qualify as an
immediate relative, the orphan must be under the age of
sixteen at the time a petition is filed on his or her behalf.
To enter the United States, an orphan must have been
adopted abroad by a U.S. citizen or be coming to the
United States for adoption by a citizen.
Panama Canal Act Immigrants — Three categories of
special immigrants established by Public Law 96-70 (Act
of 9/27/79): 1) certain former employees of the Panama
Canal Company or Canal Zone Government, their spouses
and children; 2) certain former employees of the U.S.
government in the Panama Canal Zone, their spouses and
children; and 3) certain former employees of the Panama
Canal Company or Canal Zone Government on April 1,
1979, their spouses and children. The Act provides for
admission of a maximum of 15,000 immigrants, at a rate
of no more than 5,000 each year. They are not, however,
subject to the worldwide limitation.
Parolee — An alien, appearing to be inadmissible to the
inspecting officer, allowed to enter the United States
under emergency (humanitarian) conditions or when that
alien's entry is determined to be in the public interest.
Parole does not constitute a formal admission to the
United States and confers temporary admission status
only, requiring parolees to leave when the conditions
supporting their parole cease to exist. Although these
aliens are processed as nonimmigrants upon arrival,
parolees are not included in nonimmigrant admission
data. Types of parolees include:
1) Deferred inspection — Parole may be granted to an
alien who appears not to be clearly admissible to the
inspecting officer. An appointment will be made for the
alien's appearance at another Service office where more
information is available and the inspection can be
completed.
2) Advance parole — authorized at an INS District office
in advance of alien's arrival.
3) Port of entry parole — authorized at the port upon
alien's arrival.
4) Humanitarian parole — authorized at INS
headquarters, e.g., granted to an alien who has a serious
medical condition which would make detention or
immediate return inappropriate.
5) Public interest parole — authorized at INS
headquarters, e.g., granted to an alien who is a witness in
legal proceedings or is subject to prosecution in the
United States.
A.3-8
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
6) Overseas parole — authorized at an INS District or
suboffice while the alien is still overseas.
Per-Country Limit — The maximum number of family-
sponsored and employment-based preference visas that
can be issued to any country in a fiscal year. The limits
are calculated each fiscal year depending on the total
number of family-sponsored and employment-based visas
available. No more than 7 percent of the visas may be
issued to natives of an independent country in a fiscal
year; dependencies of independent countries cannot
exceed 2 percent. The per-country limit does not
indicate, however, that a country is entitled to the
maximum number of visas each year, just that it cannot
receive more than that number. Because of the combined
workings of the preference system and per-country limits,
most countries do not reach this level of visa issuance.
Permanent Resident Alien — See Immigrant.
Port of Entry — Any location in the United States or its
territories which is designated as a point of entry for
aliens and U.S. citizens. All district and files control
offices are also considered ports since they become
locations of entry for aliens adjusting to immigrant status.
Preinspection — Complete immigration inspection of
airport passengers before departure from a foreign
country. No further immigration inspection is required
upon arrival in the United States other than submission of
INS Form 1-94 for nonimmigrant aliens.
Preference System (prior to fiscal year 1992) — The
six categories among which 270,000 immigrant visa
numbers are distributed each year during the period 1981-
91. This preference system was amended by the
Immigration Act of 1990, effective fiscal year 1992. (See
Preference System (Immigration Act of 1990).) The six
categories were: unmarried sons and daughters (over 21
years of age) of U.S. citizens (20 percent); spouses and
unmarried sons and daughters of aliens lawfully admitted
for permanent residence (26 percent); members of the
professions or persons of exceptional ability in the
sciences and arts (10 percent); married sons and
daughters of U.S. citizens (10 percent); brothers and
sisters of U.S. citizens over 21 years of age (24 percent);
and needed skilled or unskilled workers (10 percent). A
nonpreference category, historically open to immigrants
not entitled to a visa number under one of the six
preferences just listed, had no numbers available
beginning in September 1978.
Preference System (Immigration Act of 1990) — The
nine categories since fiscal year 1992 among which the
family-sponsored and employment-based immigrant
preference visas are distributed. The family-sponsored
preferences are: 1) unmarried sons and daughters of
U.S. citizens; 2) spouses, children, and unmarried sons
and daughters of permanent resident aliens; 3) married
sons and daughters of U.S. citizens; 4) brothers and
sisters of U.S. citizens. The employment-based
preferences are: 1) priority workers (persons of
extraordinary ability, outstanding professors and
researchers, and certain multinational executives and
managers); 2) professionals with advanced degrees or
aliens with exceptional ability; 3) skilled workers,
professionals (without advanced degrees), and needed
unskilled workers; 4) special immigrants; and 5)
employment creation immigrants (investors). The
number of visas issued annually may vary; they are
described in Appendix 2.
Principal Alien — The alien from whom another alien
derives a privilege or status under immigration law or
regulations (usually spouses and minor children).
Refugee — Any person who is outside his or her country
of nationality who is unable or unwilling to return to that
country because of persecution or a well-founded fear of
persecution. Persecution or the fear thereof may be based
on the alien's race, religion, nationality, membership in a
particular social group, or political opinion. People with
no nationality must be outside their country of last
habitual residence to qualify as a refugee. Refugees are
exempt from numerical limitation (though worldwide
ceilings by geographic area are set annually by the
President) and are eligible to adjust to lawful permanent
residence after one year of continuous presence in the
United States. Although these aliens are considered
nonimmigrants when initially admitted to the United
States, refugees are not included in nonimmigrant
admission data.
A.3-9
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
Refugee Approvals — The number of refugees approved
for admission to the United States during a fiscal year.
Refugee approvals are made by Immigration and
Naturalization Service officers in overseas offices.
Refugee Arrivals — The number of refugees the
Immigration and Naturalization Service initially admits to
the United States through ports of entry during a fiscal
year.
Refugee Authorized Admissions — The maximum
number of refugees allowed to enter the United States in a
given fiscal year. As set forth in the Refugee Act of 1980
(Public Law 96-212) the annual figure is determined by
the President after consultations with Congress.
Refugee-Parolee — A qualified applicant for conditional
entry, between February 1970 and April 1980, whose
application for admission to the United States could not
be approved because of inadequate numbers of seventh
preference visas. As a result, the applicant was paroled
into the United States under the parole authority granted
the Attorney General.
Region — Any one of four areas of the United States into
which the Immigration and Naturalization Service divides
jurisdiction for operational purposes — Eastern Region,
Southern Region, Northern Region, and Western Region.
Registry Date — Aliens who have continuously resided
in the United States in an unlawful status since January 1,
1972 are eligible to adjust to legal permanent resident
status under the registry provision. Before the date was
amended by the Immigration Reform and Control Act of
1986, aliens had to have been in the country continuously
since June 30, 1948 to qualify.
Required Departure — The directed departure of an
alien from the United States without an order of
deportation. The departure may be voluntary or
involuntary on the part of the alien, and may or may not
have been preceded by a hearing before an immigration
judge. Data for a fiscal year cover the required departures
verified in that fiscal year. Airlines, ship companies, or
port officials provide the Immigration and Naturalization
Service with the departure data on aliens required to
depart.
Special Agricultural Workers (SAW) — Aliens who
performed labor in perishable agricultural commodities
for a specified period of time and were admitted for
temporary and then permanent residence under a
provision of the Immigration Reform and Control Act of
1986. Up to 350,000 aliens who worked at least 90 days
in each of the 3 years preceding May 1, 1986 were
eligible for Group I temporary resident status. Eligible
aliens who qualified under this requirement but applied
after the 350,000 limit was met and aliens who performed
labor in perishable agricultural commodities for at least
90 days during the year ending May 1, 1986 were eligible
for Group II temporary resident status. Adjustment to
permanent resident status is essentially automatic for both
groups; however, aliens in Group I were eligible on
December 1, 1989 and those in Group II were eligible one
year later on December 1, 1990.
Special Immigrants — Certain categories of immigrants
who were exempt from numerical limitation before fiscal
year 1992 and subject to limitation under the
employment-based fourth preference beginning in 1992:
persons who lost citizenship by marriage; persons who
lost citizenship by serving in foreign armed forces;
ministers of religion, their spouses and children; certain
employees and former employees of the U.S. Government
abroad, their spouses and children; Panama Canal Act
immigrants; certain foreign medical school graduates,
their spouses and children; certain retired employees of
international organizations, their spouses and children;
juvenile court dependents; certain aliens serving in the
U.S. Armed Forces, their spouses and children; and
religious workers, their spouses and children.
Special Naturalization Provisions — Provisions
covering special classes of persons who may be
naturalized even though they do not meet all the general
requirements for naturalization. Such special provisions
allow: 1) wives or husbands of U.S. citizens to be
naturalized in three years instead of the prescribed five
years; 2) a surviving spouse of a U.S. citizen who served
in the armed forces to file in any naturalization court
instead of where he/she resides; 3) children of U.S.
citizen parents to be naturalized without meeting the
literacy or civics requirements or taking the oath, if too
young to understand the meaning. Other classes of
persons who may qualify for special consideration are
A.3-10
.PPENDIX 3
Glossary
former U.S. citizens, servicemen, seamen, and employees
of organizations promoting U.S. interests abroad.
Stateless — Having no nationality.
Stowaway — An alien coming to the United States
surreptitiously on an airplane or vessel without legal
status of admission. Such an alien is subject to denial of
formal admission and return to the point of embarkation
by the transportation carrier.
Student — As a nonimmigrant class of admission, an
alien coming temporarily to the United States to pursue a
full course of study in an approved program in either an
academic (college, university, seminary, conservatory,
academic high school, elementary school, other
institution, or language training program) or a vocational
or other recognized nonacademic institution.
Subject to the Numerical Cap — Those aliens accorded
lawful permanent residence who are subject to the
provisions of the flexible numerical cap of 700,000
(675,000 beginning in fiscal year 1995) set by the
Immigration Act of 1990. Categories subject to the limit
include 480,000 family-sponsored immigrants (including
a minimum of 226,000 family-sponsored preference
immigrants and an unlimited number of immediate
relatives of U.S. citizens); 55,000 legalization
dependents; 140,000 employment-based preference
immigrants; and 40,000 diversity transition immigrants.
The cap can be "pierced" in fiscal years 1992-94 if the
number of immediate relatives admitted exceeds 239,0(X).
See Appendix 2 for a discussion of the limits.
Suspension of Deportation — A discretionary benefit
adjusting an alien's status from that of deportable alien to
one lawfully admitted for permanent residence. Application
for suspension of deportation is made during the course of
a deportation hearing before an immigration judge.
Temporary Protected Status (TPS) — Establishes a
legislative base to the administrative practice of allowing a
group of persons temporary refuge in the United States.
Under a provision of the Immigration Act of 1990, the
Attorney General may designate nationals of a foreign state
to be eligible for TPS with a finding that conditions in that
country pose a danger to personal safety due to ongoing
armed conflict or an environmental disaster. Grants of TPS
are initially made for periods of 6 to 18 months and may be
extended depending on the situation. The legislation
designated El Salvador as the first country to qualify for this
program. Deportation proceedings are suspended against
aliens while they are in Temporary Protected Status.
Temporary Resident — See Nonimmigrant.
Temporary Worker — An alien worker coming to the
United States to work for a temporary period of time. The
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986, the
Immigration Nursing Relief Act of 1989, and the
Immigration Act of 1990 revised existing classes and
created new classes of nonimmigrant admission.
Nonimmigrant worker classes of admission are as follows:
1 ) H- 1 A — registered nurses;
2) H-IB — workers with "specialty occupations"
admitted on the basis of professional education, skills,
and/or equivalent experience;
3) H-2A — temporary agricultural workers coming to the
United States to perform agricultural services or labor of
a temporary or seasonal nature when services are
unavailable in the United States;
4) H-2B — temporary non-agricultural workers coming to
the United States to perform temporary services or labor
if unemployed persons capable of performing the service
or labor cannot be found in the United States;
5) H-3 — aliens coming temporarily to the United States
as trainees, other than to receive graduate medical
education or training;
6) O-l, 0-2, 0-3 — temporary workers with extra-
ordinary ability or achievement in the sciences, arts,
education, business, or athletics; those entering solely for
the purpose of accompanying and assisting such workers;
and their spouses and children;
7) P-1, P-2, P-3, P-4— athletes and entertainers at an
internationally recognized level of performance; artists
and entertainers under a reciprocal exchange program;
artists and entertainers under a program that is "culturally
unique;" and their spouses and children;
8) Q — participants in international cultural exchange
programs;
9) R-1, R-2 — temporary workers to perform work in
religious occupations and their spouses and children.
A.3-11
Appendix 3
Glossary
Temporary visitors in the Exchange Visitor, Intracompany
Transferee, and U.S. -Canada or North American Free-Trade
Agreement classes of nonimmigrant admission also are granted
authorization to work temporarily in the United States. See
other sections of this Glossary for definitions of these classes.
Transit Alien — An alien in immediate and continuous
transit through the United States, with or without a visa,
including, 1) aliens who qualify as persons entitled to
pass in transit to and from the United Nations
Headquarters District and foreign countries and 2)
foreign government officials and their spouses and
unmarried minor (or dependent) children in transit.
Transition Quarter — The three-month period — July 1
through September 30, 1976 — between fiscal year 1976
and fiscal year 1977. At that time, the fiscal year
definition shifted from July 1-June 30 to October 1-
September 30.
Transit Without Visa (TWOV) — A transit alien
traveling without a nonimmigrant visa under section 238
of the immigration law. An alien admitted under
agreements with a transportation line, which guarantees
his immediate and continuous passage to a foreign
destination. (See Transit Alien.)
Treaty Trader or Investor — As a nonimmigrant class
of admission, an alien coming temporarily to the United
States, under the provisions of a treaty of commerce and
navigation between the United States and the foreign
state of such alien, to carry on substantial trade or to
direct the operations of an enterprise in which he has
invested a substantial amount of capital, and the alien's
spouse and unmarried minor (or dependent) children.
Underrepresented Countries, Natives of — The
Immigration Amendments of 1988, Public Law 101-658
(Act of 11/5/88) allows for 10,000 visas to be issued to
natives of underrepresented countries in each of fiscal
years 1990 and 1991. Under- represented countries are
defined as countries which received less than 25 percent
of the maximum allowed under the country limitations
(20,000 for independent countries and 5,000 for
dependencies) in fiscal year 1988.
United States-Canada Free-Trade Agreement —
Public Law 100-449 (Act of 9/28/88) established a
special, reciprocal trading relationship between the
United States and Canada. It provided two new classes
of nonimmigrant admission for temporary visitors to the
United States — Canadian citizen business persons and
their spouses and unmarried minor children. Entry is
facilitated for visitors seeking classification as visitors
for business, treaty traders or investors, intracompany
transferees, or other business people engaging in
activities at a professional level. Such visitors are not
required to obtain nonimmigrant visas, prior petitions,
labor certifications, or prior approval but must satisfy the
inspecting officer they are seeking entry to engage in
activities at a professional level and that they are so
qualified. The United States-Canada Free-Trade
Agreement was superseded by the North American Free-
Trade Agreement (NAFTA) as of 1/1/94. (See North
American Free-Trade Agreement.)
Visa Waiver Pilot Program — Allows citizens of
certain selected countries, traveling temporarily to the
United States under the nonimmigrant admission classes
of visitors for pleasure and visitors for business, to enter
the United States without obtaining nonimmigrant visas.
Admission is for no more than 90 days. The program
was instituted by the Immigration Reform and Control
Act of 1986 (entries began 7/1/88) and extended through
1996 by the Immigration and Nationality Technical
Corrections Act of 1994. Currently, there are 22
countries participating in this program.
Under the Visa Waiver Pilot Program, certain visitors
from designated countries may visit Guam for up to 15
days without first having to obtain a nonimmigrant
visitor visa. Currently, there are 16 countries
participating in this program.
Withdrawal — An alien's voluntary removal of an
application for admission to the United States in lieu of
an exclusion hearing before an immigration judge.
Although these aliens are technically considered
nonimmigrants when applying for entry, withdrawals are
not included in the nonimmigrant admission data.
Worldwide Ceiling — The numerical limit imposed on
immigration visa issuance worldwide beginning in fiscal
year 1979 and ending in fiscal year 1991. The ceiling in
1991 was 270,000 visa numbers. Prior to enactment of
Public Law 96-212 on March 17, 1980, the worldwide
ceiling was 290,000.
A.3-12
.PPENDIX 4
Data Sources
Data Series
Form Number and Title
Immigrants
♦ New arrivals (except children born subsequent
to issuance of immigrant visa to accompanying
alien parents; children born to lawful permanent
resident aliens during temporary visits abroad;
and American Indians born in Canada)
♦ Adjustments (and special new arrival cases listed
above)
Naturalizations
Nonimmigrants
Deportations
Required Departures
Exclusions
Performance Analysis
Refugees
Asylees
Apprehensions
OF-155 — (State Dept.) Immigrant Visa and Alien
Registration
OF-230 — (State Dept.) Application for Immigrant
Visa and Alien Registration
1-181 — Memorandum of Creation of Record of
Lawful Permanent Residence
N-400 — Application to File Petition for Naturalization
N-402 — Application to File Petition for Naturalization
in Behalf of Child
N-405 — Petition for Naturalization
N-480 — Naturalization Petitions Recommended to
be Granted
1-94 — Arrival / Departure Record
I-94W — Visa Waiver Arrival / Departure Form
I- 1 54 — Deportation Docket Control Card
1-154 — Deportation Docket Control Card
1-161 — Record of Required Departure Authorized
Prior to OSC Issuance
1-259 — Notice to Detain, Deport, Remove, or
Present Aliens
1-275 — Notice of Withdrawal of Application for
Admission to the United States
1-295 — Notice of Decision (of Immigration Judge)
1-296 — Notice of Alien Ordered Excluded by
Immigration Judge
G-23 — Report of Field Operations
G-319 — Report of Applicants for Refugee Status
under Section 207, INA
1-94 — Arrival/Departure Record
1-590 — Registration for Classification as Refugee
1-589 — Request for Asylum in the United States
1-213 — Record of Deportable Alien
A.4-1
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1994
Immigrants
1. Immigration to the United States (historical ')
2. Immigration by region and country of last residence (historical ')
3. Immigrants admitted by region and country of birth (historical ')
4. Immigrants admitted by type and class of admission (historical ')
5. Immigrants admitted by region of birth and type and class of admission
6. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and foreign state of chargeability under the preference categories
7. Immigrants admitted by type of admission and country of birth
8. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and country of birth
9. Immigrants admitted by class of admission and country of last permanent residence
10. Immigrants adjusted to permanent resident status by status at entry and country of birth
1 1 . Immigrants admitted in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry, type of admission, and country of birth
12. Immigrants admitted by age, and sex (historical ')
13. Immigrants admitted by country of birth, age, and sex
14. Immigrants admitted by marital status, age, and sex
15. Immigrant-orphans adopted by U.S. citizens by sex, age, and country of birth
16. Immigrant new arrivals by port of entry and country of birth
17. Immigrants admitted by country of birth and state of intended residence
18. Immigrants admitted by state of intended residence (historical ')
19. Immigrants admitted by country of birth and metropolitan statistical area of intended residence
20. Immigrant beneficiaries of occupational preferences admitted by type of admission and occupation
21. Immigrants admitted by major occupation group and country of birth
22. Immigrant conditional status removals and terminations under the Marriage Fraud Amendments by country of birth
Refugees, Asylees
23. Refugee-status applications (historical ')
24. Refugee-status applications by geographic area and country of chargeability
25. Refugee approvals and admissions by geographic area of chargeability (historical ')
■ 26. Refugee arrivals into the United States by nationality (historical ')
27. Refugees granted permanent resident status in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry and country of birth
28. Asylum cases filed with INS District Directors and Asylum Officers (historical ')
29. Number of individuals granted asylum by INS District Directors and Asylum Officers by nationality: (historical ') ..
A.5-2
lPPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
Immigrants
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
IMM 1.1
IMM 1.1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
IMM 1.2
IMM 1.2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
IMM 1.3
IMM 1.3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
IMM 1.5
IMM 1.5
5
5
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
IMM 2.1
IMM 2.1
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
IMM 2.2
IMM 2.2
8
8
7
7
7
7
7
7
IMM 2.3
IMM 2.3
9
9
8
8
8
8
8
8
IMM 2.4
IMM 2.4
10
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
IMM 3.2
IMM 3.2
11
11
10
10
10
10
10
10
IMM 3.3
IMM 3.3
12
12
11
11
11
11
11
11
IMM 4.1
IMM 4.1
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
12
IMM 4.3
IMM 4.3
14
14
13
13
13
13
13
13
IMM 4.2 -
IMM 4.2 '
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
14
IMM 2.5 '
IMM 2.5 '
16
16
15
15
15
15
15
15
IMM 5.1^
IMM 5.1^
17
17
16
16
16
16
16
16
NA
NA
18
18
17
17
17
17
17
17
IMM 5.2
IMM 5.2
19
19
18
18
18
18
18
NA
IMM 5.3
IMM 5.3
20
20
19
19
19
19
19
19
IMM 6.6
IMM 6.6
21
21
20
20
20
20
20
18
IMM 6.1
IMM 6.1
22
22
21
21
21
Refugees
21
i, ASYLEES
NA
NA
NA
NA
23
23
24
24
24
23
23
20
NA
NA
24
24
25
25
25
24
24
21
REF1.3
REF 1.3
25
25
26
26
26
25
25
22
REFl.l
REFl.l
26
26
27
27
27
26
26
23
REF 2.2
REF 2.2
27
27
28
28
28
27
27
24
REF 5.2
REF 5.2
28
28
NA
29'
31'
30'
30'
27'
NA
NA
29
29
NA
30'
32'
31'
31'
28'
NA
NA
A.5-3
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1994
Refugees, Asylees
30. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by selected nationality
31. Asylum cases filed with INS Asylum Officers by asylum office and state of residence
32. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by enactment (historical ')
33. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth (historical ')
34. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by age and sex (historical ')
35. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth (historical ')
36. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by state of residence (historical ')
37. Refugees and asylees granted permanent resident status by country of birth and metropolitan statistical area of residence
Nonimmigrants
38. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and country of last residence (historical ')
39. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and country of citizenship
40. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission (historical ')
41. Nonimmigrants admitted as temporary workers, exchange visitors, and intracompany transferees by country
of citizenship
42. Nonimmigrants admitted by port of entry and country of citizenship
43. Nonimmigrants admitted by age and country of citizenship
44. Nonimmigrants admitted by class of admission and state of intended residence
Naturalizations
45. Petitions for naturalization filed, persons naturalized, and petitions for naturalization denied (historical ')
46. Persons naturalized by general and special naturalization provisions (historical ')
47. Persons naturalized by naturalization provisions and country of former allegiance
48. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance (historical ')
49. Persons naturalized by sex, marital status, and major occupation (historical ')
50. Persons naturalized by state of residence (historical ')
51. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance and state of residence
' 52. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance and metropolitan area of residence
53. Persons naturalized by major occupation group and country of former allegiance
54. Persons naturalized in current fiscal year by calendar year of entry and country of birth
55. Persons naturalized by country of former allegiance, age, and sex
A.5-4
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
Refugees
;, ASYLEES
30
30
NA
3P
33'
32'
32'
29'
NA
NA
31
31
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
32
32
29
33
38
37
37
34
REF4.1
REF 4.1
33
33
30
34
39
38
38
35
REF 4.2 '
REF 4.2 '
34
34
31
35
7
7
7
7
7
7
35
35
32
36
40
39
39
36
REF 4.3
REF 4.3
36
36
33
37
41
40
NA
NA
NA
NA
37
37
34
38
42
41
40
NA
NA
NA
Nonimmigrants
38
38
35
39
43
42
41
37
NIM 1.0
NIM 1.0
39
39
36
40
44
43
42
38
NIM 1.1
NIM 1.1
40
40
37
41
45
44
43
39
NIM 2.1
NIM 2.1
41
41
38
42
46
45
44
40
NIM 5.1
NIM 5.1
42
42
39
43
47
46
45
41
NIM 3.1
NIM 3.1
43
43
40
44
48
47
46
42
NIM 4.1
NIM 4.1
44
44
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Naturalizations
45
45
41
45
49
48
47
43
NAT 1.1
NAT 1.1
46
46
42
46
50
49
48
44
NAT 1.2
NAT 1.2
47
47
43
47
51
50
49
45
NAT 2.1
NAT 2.1
48
48
44
48
52
51
50
46
NAT 1.3
NAT 1.3
49
49
45
49
53
52
51
47
NAT 3.3
NAT 3.3
50
50
46
50
54
53
52
48
NAT 4.1
NAT 4. 1
51
51
47
51
55
54
53
49
NAT 4.2
NAT 4.2
52
52
48
52
56
55
54
NA
NAT 4.3
NAT 4.3
53
53
49
53
57
56
55
50
NAT 5.1
NAT 5.1
54
54
50
54
58
57
56
51
NAT 5.2
NAT 5.2
55
55
51
55
59
58
57
52
NAT 3.2
NAT 3.2
A.5-5
.PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1994
Naturalizations
56. Persons naturalized by age, and sex (historical ')
57. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1992 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by major class of admission and
occupation
58. Naturalization rates through fiscal year 1992 of immigrants admitted in fiscal year 1977 by country of birth
Enforcement
59. Aliens apprehended, deported, and required to depart (historical ')
60. Deportable aliens located by status at entry and country of nationality
61. Aliens excluded by cause (historical ')
62. Aliens excluded by cause (historical ')
63. Aliens excluded by country of birth (historical ')
64. Aliens under docket control required to depart by country of nationality (historical ')
65. Aliens under docket control required to depart by cause and country of nationality
66. Aliens deported by cause (historical ')
67. Aliens deported by cause (historical ')
68. Aliens deported by country of nationality (historical ')
69. Aliens deported by country to which deported (historical ')
70. Aliens deported by cause and country of nationality
71. Aliens deported and under docket control required to depart by status at entry (historical ')
72. Aliens deported and required to depart by region and district office
73. Service participation in the control of marijuana, narcotics, and dangerous drug traffic (historical ')
74. Principal activities and accomplishments of the Border Patrol (historical ')
E>jtries, Litigation, Legal Activity
75. Prosecutions, fines, and imprisonment for immigration and nationality violations (historical ')
76. Convictions for immigration and nationality violations (historical ')
77. Writs of habeas corpus, judicial review of orders of deportation, and declaratory judgements in exclusion and
deportation cases (historical ')
78. Private immigration and nationality bills introduced and laws enacted by Congress (historical ')
' Historical tables show data for a number of years, which may vary in each edition of the Yearbook. ' Data not shown by age;
shown by major occupation group. ' Data not shown by sex and age; shown by adoption category. ■* Data not shown by country of
birth. ' Excludes cases filed with Asylum Officers; Asylum Offices established for fiscal year 1992. '" Data shown for refugees only.
A.5-6
PPENDIX 5
Table Genealogy
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
1986
1985
1984
Naturalizations
56
56
52
56
60
59
58
53
NAT 3.1
NAT 3.1
57
57
53
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
58
58
54
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Enforcement
59
59
55
57
61
60
59
54
ENFl.l
ENFl.l
60
60
56
58
62
61
60
55
ENF1.2
ENFL2
61
61
57
59
63
62
61
56
ENF2.1
ENF 2.1
62
62
57
59
63
62
61
56
ENF2.1
ENF 2.1
63
63
58
60
64
63
62
57
ENF 2.2 »
ENF 2.2 *
64
64
59
61
65
64
63
58
NA
NA
65
65
60
62
66
65
64
59
ENF 3.2
ENF 3.2
66
66
61
63
67
66
65
60
ENF 4.3
ENF 4.3
67
67
61
63
67
66
65
60
ENF 4.3
ENF 4.3
68
68
62
64
68
67'
66'
61'
NA
NA
69
69
63
65
69
68
67
62
ENF 4.4
ENF 4.4
70
70
64
66
70
69
68
63
ENF 4.2
ENF 4.2
71
71
65
67
71
70
69
64
ENF 4.6
ENF 4.6
72
72
66
68
72
71
70
65
ENF 4.8
ENF 4.8
73
73
67
69
73
72
71
66
ENF 5.1
ENF 5.1
74
74
68
70
74
73
72
67
ENF 5.2
ENF 5.2
Entries,
Litigation, Legal AcTrvrrv
76
76
70
72
76
75
74
69
LlTl
LIT 1
77
77
71
73
77
76
75
70
LIT 2
LIT 2
78
78
72
74
78
77
76
71
LIT 3
LIT 3
79
79
73
75
79
78
77
NA
LEGl
LEG 1
' Data shown for asylees only for 1984-85 (REP 7.1), 1986 (31), 1987-88 (34), and 1989 (35). Data shown for refugees only for 1984-85
(REF 5.1), 1986 (25), 1987-88 (28), and 1989 (29). Data shown by selected country of birth. " Data shown by cause and for current year
only. ' Data are for calendar year.
NA Not available.
* U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE; 1996 - 407 - 994 / 50077 . , _
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